{"id":10032,"date":"2021-02-27T11:45:08","date_gmt":"2021-02-27T08:45:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=10032"},"modified":"2021-02-27T11:45:10","modified_gmt":"2021-02-27T08:45:10","slug":"insan-genom-serisi-4-gizemli-gozler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/insan-genom-serisi-4-gizemli-gozler\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130NSAN GENOM SER\u0130S\u0130 – 4: Gizemli G\u00f6zler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
(Mavi g\u00f6z. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: Piotr Krzeslak\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tarih boyunca insanlar hep g\u00f6zlerin bir \u015feyler anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve olaylar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmede \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yeri oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Nitekim hem duygular\u0131 belli eden hem de ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye de\u011fi\u015fen \u00f6zellikleriyle adli t\u0131pta incelenen bir organd\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131da g\u00f6zlerle ilgili pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fi baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar dahil k\u0131sa k\u0131sa g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6z rengi tespitleri \u00f6zellikle Avrupa gibi renk \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi \u00e7ok olan b\u00f6lgelerde yap\u0131l\u0131r. DNA<\/em> bazl\u0131 g\u00f6z rengi tespiti cinayet mahalinde bulunan DNA<\/em> kimseyle e\u015fle\u015fmedi\u011fi takdirde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu testlerde SNP<\/em>\u2019ler (Tek N\u00fckleotid Polimorfizmi) incelenir. HERC2<\/em> geni de g\u00f6z rengiyle ili\u015fkilidir. Mavi ve kahverengi g\u00f6zler do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tahmin edilirken ara renkler daha zor belirlenir. PIE (G\u00f6z Piksel \u0130ndeksi) g\u00f6z rengi \u00f6l\u00e7mede say\u0131sal bir de\u011fer verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antik d\u00f6nemlerde ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6z rengini belirlemek hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f DNA<\/em>\u2019lardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc daha zordur. Bu DNA<\/em>\u2019lardan baz\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunan n\u00fckleotidler zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015febilir, \u00f6rne\u011fin Sitozin<\/em> deaminasyona u\u011fray\u0131p Urasil<\/em>\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Bu durumda belirli bir ki\u015finin g\u00f6z renginden ziyade bir toplulu\u011fun genel g\u00f6z rengini tahmin etmek daha kolay olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cinayet mahalinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ke\u015ffedilen olaylar katilin fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Y\u00fcr\u00fcme \u015feklinden cinayeti i\u015fleyi\u015f bi\u00e7imine kadar her \u015fey, e\u011fer varsa, bir g\u00f6z hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterebilir. Bulunan biyolojik bulgular da bunu ele verebilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 g\u00f6z hastal\u0131klar\u0131 k\u0131saca yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Katarakt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7evresel fakt\u00f6rler de neden olmakla birlikte genetik fakt\u00f6rler daha bask\u0131nd\u0131r. Genetik katarakt\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Mendeliyendir. CCV<\/em>, EPHA2<\/em>, FOXE<\/em> ve GJA8<\/em> genlerinden kaynaklanabilir. 45-50 ya\u015flar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Katarakt. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: ARZTSAMUI\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1281925486)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
(S\u0131rayla normal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve katarakt g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: Marti Bug Catcher\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1245029515)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2- Glokom<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MYOC, OPTN, WDR36, CYP1B1, PITX2, FOXC1, PAX6 <\/em>ve LOXL1 <\/em>genleriyle ili\u015fkilidir. G\u00f6z i\u00e7i bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131yla aksonal dejenerasyon olur ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Glokom. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: ARZTSAMUI\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 716954665)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
(Glokom g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: Marti Bug Catcher\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1361271590)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3- Astigmatizm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Korneadan ya da merce\u011fin \u00f6n ve arka y\u00fczeyinin e\u011frili\u011fini kaybetmesinden dolay\u0131 olu\u015fabilir. Asl\u0131nda hayat\u0131n ilk birka\u00e7 ay\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu bebe\u011fin astigmat derecesi y\u00fcksek olur ve kornealar\u0131 sivridir. Yeni do\u011fanlar\u0131n da astigmat dereceleri ortalama 6 diyoptridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Astigmat. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: Mrs_Bazilio\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 510818215)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

4- Ya\u015fa Ba\u011fl\u0131 Mak\u00fcler Dejenerasyon<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer ad\u0131 sar\u0131 nokta hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de diyabetik g\u00f6z hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan sonra en \u00e7ok rastlanan g\u00f6z hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(AMD. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: memorisz\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 178613183)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
(AMD g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: Bakhur Nick\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1169698288)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

5- Marfan Sendromu’nda G\u00f6z<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu g\u00f6z tipi fakik, afakik ve ps\u00f6dofakik olabilir. Bu ifadeler hastan\u0131n g\u00f6z merce\u011finin durumunu ifade eder. Fakik, do\u011fal g\u00f6z merce\u011fine sahip oldu\u011funu belirtirken afakik bu merce\u011fin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p yerine yeni bir merce\u011fin konmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Ps\u00f6dofakik g\u00f6z ise \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan lensin yerine yeni bir lensin konuldu\u011fu g\u00f6z demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Marfan Sendromu\u2019nda g\u00f6z. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: ARZTSAMUI\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 174745682)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

6- Diyabetik Retinopati<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diyabetin g\u00f6zde damarsal hasara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun vadeli bir hasta\u0131kt\u0131r. Nonproliferatif evre ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 evresidir. G\u00f6zde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kanamalar olur ve tedavi edilmezse proliferatif evreye ge\u00e7er. Bu evrede g\u00f6zde yeni ve anormal damarlar geli\u015fir. Kolayca kanar ve \u00f6dem olu\u015fur. \u015eiddetli g\u00f6rme kayb\u0131 olur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de en \u00e7ok rastlanan g\u00f6z hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r ve diyabetik retinopati onlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Diyabetik Retinopati. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: memorisz\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 239272978)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
(Diyabetik Retinopati g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: Marti Bug Catcher\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1361584790)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

7- Retinoblastoma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retina sinir tabakas\u0131yla ilgilidir. \u00c7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Erken tedavi edilmezse g\u00f6z kayb\u0131 ya da \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. RB <\/em>ya da RB1<\/em>geninden kaynaklan\u0131r. Bu gen rb <\/em>proteini \u00fcretir. RB <\/em>ya da RB1<\/em> geninden kaynaklan\u0131r. Bu gen rb <\/em>proteini \u00fcretir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Retinoblastoma. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: ARZTSAMUI\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1064824445)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

8- G\u00f6zde Trahom<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn en yayg\u0131n bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 sebebidir. En \u00e7ok Afrika ve Asya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve Chlamydia trachomatis<\/em>\u2019in \u00e7ocukluktan itibaren bir\u00e7ok kez bula\u015fmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(G\u00f6zde progresif Trahom. 1. A\u015fama: \u0130ltihap. 2. A\u015fama: \u015eiddetli iltihap. 3. A\u015fama: G\u00f6z kapa\u011f\u0131 yaralanmas\u0131. 4. A\u015fama: Bat\u0131k kirpikler. 5. A\u015fama: Kornea bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: lotan\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 495401788)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

9- Presbiyopi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131kla ilerleyen ve lensin esnekli\u011fini kaybetmesi sonucu olu\u015fan yak\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rme bozuklu\u011fudur. Hipermetrop ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(S\u0131rayla normal g\u00f6z ve g\u00f6zde presbiyopi. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: Mrs_Bazilio\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 513252424)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

10- Hipermetrop<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yak\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rme bozuklu\u011fudur. G\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6n-arka \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n normalden k\u0131sa olmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur. Kad\u0131n ve erkeklerde e\u015fit g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine kar\u015f\u0131n beyaz \u0131rklarda siyah \u0131rklara g\u00f6re daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Patolojik hipermetropi nadirdir ve travma, geli\u015fimsel bozukluk gibi durumlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Basit hipermetropi ise daha s\u0131kt\u0131r ve genetik ve \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerden dolay\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Hiperopi. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: Mrs_Bazilio\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 510818224)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bilgi Kaynak\u00e7as\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Pietroni, C., et al. “The genetics of eye colours in an Italian population measured with an objective method for eye colour quantification.” Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 4.1 (2013): e23-e24.<\/li>
  2. Meyer, Olivia S., Claus B\u00f8rsting, and Jeppe D. Andersen. “Perception of blue and brown eye colours for forensic DNA phenotyping.” Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 7.1 (2019): 476-477.<\/li>
  3. Alghamdi, Jahad, et al. “Eye color prediction using single nucleotide polymorphisms in Saudi population.” Saudi journal of biological sciences 26.7 (2019): 1607-1612.<\/li>
  4. Carratto, Th\u00e1ssia Mayra Telles, et al. “Insights on hair, skin and eye color of ancient and contemporary Native Americans.” Forensic Science International: Genetics 48 (2020): 102335.<\/li>
  5. Shiels, A., and J. F. Hejtmancik. “Genetics of human cataract.” Clinical genetics 84.2 (2013): 120-127.<\/li>
  6. Challa, Pratap. “Glaucoma genetics.” International ophthalmology clinics 48.4 (2008): 73.<\/li>
  7. Read, Scott A., Michael J. Collins, and Leo G. Carney. “A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis.” Clinical and Experimental Optometry 90.1 (2007): 5-19.<\/li>
  8. Konradsen, Tiina R., and Charlotta Zetterstr\u00f6m. “A descriptive study of ocular characteristics in Marfan syndrome.” Acta ophthalmologica 91.8 (2013): 751-755.<\/li>
  9. Fung, Yuen-Kai, et al. “Structural evidence for the authenticity of the human retinoblastoma gene.” Science 236.4809 (1987): 1657-1661.<\/li>
  10. Burton, Matthew J. “Trachoma: an overview.” British medical bulletin 84.1 (2007): 99-116.<\/li>
  11. MedicalPark. 28.10.2020, 27.02.2021. https:\/\/www.medicalpark.com.tr\/presbiyopi-nedir\/hg-2452#:~:text=Presbiyopi%2C%20g%C3%B6zdeki%20merce%C4%9Fin%20uyum%20%C3%B6zelli%C4%9Fini,kadar%20artabilen%20yak%C4%B1n%C4%B1%20g%C3%B6rme%20bozuklu%C4%9Fudur<\/a>.<\/li>
  12. MedicalPark. 22.06.2020, 27.02.2021. https:\/\/www.medicalpark.com.tr\/hipermetrop\/hg-2062<\/a><\/li>
  13. American Society of Aerospace Medicine Specialists. John Gooch, Dan Van Syoc. \u201cClinical Practice Guideline for Cataracts\u201d 26.09.2010, 27.02.2021. http:\/\/www.asams.org\/guidelines\/Completed\/NEW%20Cataract.htm#:~:text=Phakic%2C%20aphakic%20and%20pseudophakic%20are,and%20no%20IOL%20was%20implanted<\/a>.<\/li>
  14. Ac\u0131badem. 28.08.2019, 27.02.2021. https:\/\/www.acibadem.com.tr\/ilgi-alani\/hipermetropi\/<\/a><\/li>
  15. Medipol. Cengiz Aras. 05.02.2019, 27.02.2021. https:\/\/www.medipol.com.tr\/bilgi-kosesi\/roportajlar\/diyabetik-retinopati-nedir<\/a><\/li>
  16. BATIG\u00d6Z. 27.02.2021. https:\/\/www.batigoz.com\/saglikrehberi\/yasa-bagli-makula-dejenerasyonu<\/a><\/li>
  17. \u0130stanbul Retina Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc. 27.02.2021. https:\/\/www.istanbulretina.com\/retinoblastom-hastalik-belirtisi-tedavisi.php<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    G\u00f6rsel Kaynak\u00e7as\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Piotr Krzeslak\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/li>
    2. ARZTSAMUI\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1281925486<\/li>
    3. Marti Bug Catcher\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1245029515<\/li>
    4. ARZTSAMUI\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 716954665<\/li>
    5. Marti Bug Catcher\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1361584790<\/li>
    6. Mrs_Bazilio\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 510818215<\/li>
    7. memorisz\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 178613183<\/li>
    8. Bakhur Nick\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1169698288<\/li>
    9. ARZTSAMUI\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 174745682<\/li>
    10. memorisz\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 239272978<\/li>
    11. Marti Bug Catcher\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1361584790<\/li>
    12. ARZTSAMUI\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1064824445<\/li>
    13. lotan\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 495401788<\/li>
    14. Mrs_Bazilio\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 513252424<\/li>
    15. Mrs_Bazilio\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 510818224<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Tarih boyunca insanlar hep g\u00f6zlerin bir \u015feyler anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve olaylar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmede \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yeri oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Nitekim hem duygular\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":267,"featured_media":10034,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,25,6],"tags":[1466,164,357,1904,95,1906,985,187,73,671,285,458,1909,274,1903,149,115,810,1187,1915,921,1902,92,1914,105,1363,919,1693,76,1908,1913,1910,559,66,34,1911,1912,1907],"acf":[],"views":1165,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10032"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/267"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10032"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10052,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10032\/revisions\/10052"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}