{"id":10066,"date":"2021-03-13T19:24:04","date_gmt":"2021-03-13T16:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=10066"},"modified":"2021-03-13T22:34:31","modified_gmt":"2021-03-13T19:34:31","slug":"psychedelic-ronesans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/psychedelic-ronesans\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychedelic R\u00f6nesans"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-U-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10067\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-U-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-U-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-U-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-U-125x125.png 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-U-110x110.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-U-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-U-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-U-420x420.png 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-U-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>The Holy Mountain- Jodorowsky (1973), kaynak: flickr<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Psychedelic maddeler y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r dini ayinlerde, sprit\u00fcel deneyimlemelerde do\u011fal formlarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (bitkilerden:<em> ayahuasca, ergot<\/em> vb.) ve yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131lda sentetik olarak ke\u015ffinin ard\u0131ndan<em> psychedelic<\/em> k\u00fclt\u00fcrde kendine yer bulmu\u015ftur. 60\u2019larda bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr pek \u00e7ok sanat \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fu\u015funa (psychedelic filmler ve <em>acid\/ psychedelic rock <\/em>t\u00fcr\u00fcndeki alb\u00fcmler gibi) zemin haz\u0131rlasa da zamanla toplumda kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve etkilerinin tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 1970\u2019te <em>Substance Act<\/em> ile kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 Amerika\u2019da yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bir makale (R. R. Griffiths) psychedelic uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 ekmi\u015f ve bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ilgisini tekrar bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7ekmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Psyhcedelic ila\u00e7lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu yapan \u00f6zellikleri <em>5HT-2A serotonin<\/em> resept\u00f6rlerine ba\u011flanarak bilin\u00e7te al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fikliklere sebep olmalar\u0131 ve beynin <em>default mode network\u2019<\/em>\u00fc \u00fczerindeki etkileridir. Bu etkilerin t\u00fcm\u00fc egodan soyutlanma, hal\u00fcsinasyonlar ve \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015fma deneyimlerini ( d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, duygu \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri ve ger\u00e7eklik alg\u0131s\u0131nda k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015fiklikler) i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu deneyimler ise psychedelic ila\u00e7lar\u0131n (<em>psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, ayahuasca<\/em>)&nbsp; psikoterapide kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fini g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Psychedelic \u0130la\u00e7lar Default Mode Network\u2019\u00fc Nas\u0131l Etkiliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-U-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10069\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-U-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-U-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-U-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-U-125x125.png 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-U-110x110.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-U-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-U-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-U-420x420.png 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-U-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2017_474\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2017_474\">kaynak <\/a> , meditasyon ve psilocybinin benzer b\u00f6lgeleredeki deaktivasyonlar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Default Mode Network( DMN), <\/strong>spesifik bir aktivite ile me\u015fgul olundu\u011funda (\u00f6rn. dikkat vermek, \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak vb. ) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekansl\u0131; dinlenme durumunda, belli bir amaca hizmet etmeyen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler esnas\u0131nda (hayal kurmak, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve gelece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlamland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak gibi)&nbsp; &nbsp;y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131mlar sergileyen bir dizi beyin b\u00f6lgesine verilen add\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgelerin &nbsp;<em>medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC),posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), <\/em>ve<em> parahippocampal cortex (PHC)<\/em>\u2019ten olu\u015ftu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir ve yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde <em>5HT- 2A<\/em> resept\u00f6r\u00fc eksprese ettikleri saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu da, bahsedilen alanlar\u0131n psychedeliclerle mod\u00fcle edilebilmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu konuyla ilgili dikkat \u00e7ekici ba\u015fka bir \u00f6zellik ise, uzun d\u00f6nem meditasyonun ve psychedelic ila\u00e7lar\u0131n bahsedilen alanlarda benzer etkilere sebep oldu\u011funun farkedilmesidir. Bu durum, psychedelic maddeler spir\u00fct\u00fcel deneyimlere \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eder sav\u0131n\u0131 destekler niteliktedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Psychedelic \u0130la\u00e7lar ve Sprit\u00fcellik<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-U-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10070\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-U-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-U-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-U-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-U-125x125.png 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-U-110x110.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-U-420x420.png 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-U-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-U-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-U-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0457-5\">kaynak<\/a> , deneklerin psilocybin tecr\u00fcbesinin anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeylerini g\u00f6steren grafik<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Double-blind (\u00e7ift k\u00f6r) olarak yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, psikoaktif maddelerden biri olan <em>psilocybin\u2019<\/em>in g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc deneklere uygun ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda 20 mikrogram dozda enjeksiyonu ile bu maddenin denekler \u00fczerindeki etkisi anla\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu deneydeki parametreler anlaml\u0131l\u0131k, spir\u00fct\u00fcellik vb. unsurlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda fizyolojik bulgular\u0131 da i\u00e7ermektedir. Deneyin sonucunda deneklerin %60\u2019\u0131 kontroll\u00fc psilocybin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n hayatlar\u0131ndaki en anlaml\u0131 be\u015f tecr\u00fcbeden biri oldu\u011funu belirtirken, placebo olarak verilen methylphenidate i\u00e7in bu oran olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ( %10). Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda elde edilen fizyolojik bulgularsa, psikoaktif maddelerin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyleri ve bireyler \u00fczerindeki etkilerini \u00f6l\u00e7meye y\u00f6neliktir. Deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re kontroll\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dozlam alt\u0131nda <em>psilocybin<\/em>in ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya konurken, bireylerde deney ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda kayg\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli art\u0131\u015f; sonras\u0131nda da ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yapan di\u011fer maddelerin aksine after-glow( ilac\u0131n etkisi ge\u00e7erken \u00e7ok iyi hissetme) durumu g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir.&nbsp; Hastalar, psychedelic ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 daha geni\u015f bir perspektiften g\u00f6rebildiklerini ve kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyorken, ila\u00e7lar\u0131n fizyolojik etkilerinin ( ate\u015f, ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesi vb.) de ge\u00e7ici oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-U-1-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10072\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-U-1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-U-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-U-1-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-U-1-125x125.png 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-U-1-110x110.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-U-1-420x420.png 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-U-1-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-U-1-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-U-1-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0457-5\">kaynak <\/a>, methylphenidate ve psilocybin&#8217;in mistik etkilerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran grafik<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Psikoterapi ve Psychedelic \u0130la\u00e7lar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Psychedelic ila\u00e7lar\u0131n 1940\u2019larda sentetik olarak ke\u015fiflerinin ard\u0131ndan bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n olas\u0131 terap\u00f6tik etkileri \u00fczerinde incelemeler yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. LSD (lysergic acid diethyl amide) ve psilocybin (magic mushrooms) alkol ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 dahil pek \u00e7ok mental bozuklu\u011fun potansiyel tedavileri olarak ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya tabii tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Psychedeliclerin ba\u015fl\u0131ca etkileri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Hal\u00fcsinasyonlar g\u00f6rmek, duymak<\/li><li>gev\u015feme hissi<\/li><li>paranoya*<\/li><li>ger\u00e7eklik ve zaman alg\u0131lar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklikler<\/li><li>i\u00e7e y\u00f6nelim ve i\u00e7 sorgulamalar\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/li><li>yo\u011fun duygular<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>olarak s\u0131ralanabilir. Etkilerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n varolan mental problemleri k\u00f6r\u00fckleyip k\u00f6r\u00fcklemeyece\u011fi hala bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusudur* ve bu sebeple deneyler sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bireyler \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. Yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada methyphenidate ile psilocybin\u2019in hastada yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygu durumu de\u011fi\u015fimleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-U-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10073\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-U-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-U-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-U-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-U-125x125.png 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-U-110x110.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-U-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-U-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-U-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><a href=\"http:\/\/).  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0457-5\">kaynak<\/a> , methyphenidate ile psilocybin\u2019in hastada yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygu durumu de\u011fi\u015fimleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Burada dikkat \u00e7eken unsur placebo ilac\u0131n g\u00f6zlemci ki\u015fi ile denek aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zl\u00fc ileti\u015fimi artt\u0131rma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde etki g\u00f6steriyor olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen psilocybinin i\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcy\u00fc artt\u0131rmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bireylerin d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya ile ileti\u015fimlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor olu\u015fudur. B\u00f6ylece ki\u015filer kendi i\u00e7lerine y\u00f6nelip orada ke\u015ffetmeyi umut ettiklerine ula\u015fabilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak psychedelic ila\u00e7lar beynin default network\u2019\u00fc \u00fczerinde kayda de\u011fer etkiler olu\u015fturmakta, ki\u015filerin sprit\u00fcel deneyimler ya\u015famalar\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck yapmakta ve psikoterapi i\u00e7in maj\u00f6r bir potansiyel te\u015fkil etmektedirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Griffiths, R.R., Richards, W.A., McCann, U. et al. Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance. Psychopharmacology 187, 268\u2013283 (2006).&nbsp; <a href=\"blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-006-0457-5<\/a><\/li><li>Barrett F.S., Griffiths R.R. (2017) Classic Hallucinogens and Mystical Experiences: Phenomenology and Neural Correlates. In: Halberstadt A.L., Vollenweider F.X., Nichols D.E. (eds) Behavioral Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. <a href=\"blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2017_474<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"blank\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/neuroscience\/default-mode-network<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"blank\">https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/psychedelic-therapy-how-does-it-work-5079161<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"blank\">https:\/\/www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com\/blog\/know-your-brain-default-mode-network<\/a><\/li><li>Pollan, M. (2019). How to change your mind: The new science of psychedelics. London: Penguin Books.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Psychedelic maddeler y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r dini ayinlerde, sprit\u00fcel deneyimlemelerde do\u011fal formlarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (bitkilerden: ayahuasca, ergot vb.) ve yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131lda sentetik olarak ke\u015ffinin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":393,"featured_media":10068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[1919,1920,1921,1922],"acf":[],"views":1107,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10066"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/393"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10066"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10078,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10066\/revisions\/10078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}