{"id":10122,"date":"2021-03-24T15:45:29","date_gmt":"2021-03-24T12:45:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=10122"},"modified":"2021-03-24T15:45:32","modified_gmt":"2021-03-24T12:45:32","slug":"insan-genom-serisi-5-parkinson-ve-demans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/insan-genom-serisi-5-parkinson-ve-demans\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130NSAN GENOM SER\u0130S\u0130 – 5: Parkinson ve Demans"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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(Parkinson hastas\u0131. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: ESB Professional\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Giri\u015f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parkinson Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (PH) en yayg\u0131n hareket bozuklu\u011fudur ve Alzheimer\u2019dan sonra gelen en yayg\u0131n n\u00f6rodejeneratif hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Bradikinezi (yava\u015f hareket), rijidite (sertlik) ve tremor (titreme) ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zellikleridir. Mental bozukluklar da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Dopamin esikli\u011fiyle ve zihinsel bozuklukla en \u00e7ok ili\u015fkili durum Akinezi<\/em>\u2019dir. Bu durum istemli hareket etme yetene\u011finin kaybolmas\u0131d\u0131r. Dizartri<\/em> de sert, nefes nefese ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zor bir konu\u015fma \u015feklini ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PH, beynin Substantia Nigra <\/em>adl\u0131 bazal gangliyonunda alpha-sin\u00fcklein<\/em> i\u00e7eren Lewy Cisimcikleri\u2019nin birikimi ile karakterizedir. Substantia Nigra\u2019n\u0131n Pars Compacta\u2019<\/em>s\u0131nda dopaminerjik n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n kayb\u0131 istemli hareketleri zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Alpha-sin\u00fcklein<\/em> birikimi zamanla beyinde yay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ailesel PH en \u00e7ok LRRK2<\/em> (L\u00f6sin\u2019den Zengin Tekrar \u0130\u00e7eren Kinaz 2) mutasyonuyla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Ancak Lewy Cisimcikleri her LRRK2<\/em> PH\u2019de bulunmaz. Tau<\/em> protein birikimi bu tip hastalar\u0131n hepsinde bulunabilir. Bu protein Alzheimer\u2019a sebep olan temel bile\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(Parkinson hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtileri. Belirtiler aras\u0131nda maske y\u00fcz, azalm\u0131\u015f kol sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131, k\u0131smen b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kal\u00e7a ve dizler, ayak s\u00fcr\u00fcyerek y\u00fcr\u00fcme, k\u0131sa ad\u0131ml\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcme, bacaklarda titreme, b\u00fck\u00fck dirsek ve bilekler, s\u0131rt sertli\u011fi ve e\u011fik duru\u015f yer al\u0131r.)
(G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: solar22\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 763720675)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

PH’de Demans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demans, di\u011fer ad\u0131yla bunama, Parkinson hastalar\u0131n\u0131n %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 etkiler ve bu hastalarda bunama g\u00f6r\u00fclme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bireylere g\u00f6re 6 kat fazlad\u0131r. PH\u2019de demans oldu\u011funda hem kolinerjik, hem dopaminerjik hem de n\u00f6radrenerjik innervasyonlar\u0131n n\u00f6rokimyasal etkilerinde eksiklik bulunur. Bunun yan\u0131nda bunama Limbik Sistem ve Serebral Korteks\u2019le de ili\u015fkili olabilir. Kolinesteraz<\/em> inhibit\u00f6rleri PH\u2019deki demans\u0131 tedavide etkili olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PH\u2019de bunama risk fakt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda \u015funlar bulunur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. \u0130leri ya\u015f<\/li>
  2. Levodopa<\/em>\u2019yla tedavi g\u00f6r\u00fcrken meydana gelen psikoz ya da konf\u00fczyon<\/li>
  3. Bradikinezi<\/li>
  4. Konu\u015fmada ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131<\/li>
  5. Depresyon<\/li>
  6. Sigara i\u00e7me<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"
    (Parkinson\u2019da titreme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, siyah madde n\u00f6ronlar\u0131 azal\u0131r ve dopaminerjik n\u00f6ronlar etkilenir. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: Maryna Maiboroda\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 670212961)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Dopaminerjik eksiklik demans\u0131n temel n\u00f6rokimyasal bozuklu\u011fudur. Demans, Substantia Nigra<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n Kaudat \u00c7ekirde\u011fi<\/em>\u2019e \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yapan medial k\u0131sm\u0131nda dopaminerjik n\u00f6ron kayb\u0131yla ili\u015fkilidir. Gen\u00e7ler MPTP<\/em> (1-metil-4-fenil-1,2,3.6-tetrahidropridin) toksinine maruz kal\u0131rsa dopaminerjik sistemde lezyonlar olu\u015fabilir. Deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda baz\u0131 bili\u015fsel bozukluklar Levodopa<\/em> tedavisinden olumlu etkileniyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de Levodopa<\/em> ile demans\u0131n d\u00fczelmedi\u011fine dair deneyimler PH’de demanstan sorumlu as\u0131l n\u00f6rokimyasal bozuklu\u011fun dopaminerjik eksiklik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. Demansla as\u0131l ili\u015fkili durum Lewy Cisimcikleri\u2019nin bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ayr\u0131ca APOE<\/em> ve MAPT<\/em> genleri PH\u2019deki demansla ili\u015fkilidir. 19. kromozomda bulunan APOE<\/em>\u2019nin kodlama varyasyonu ile 3 tane yayg\u0131n alel ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar: \u03b52<\/em>, \u03b53<\/em>, ve \u03b54<\/em><\/a>. \u03b54<\/em> alelleri Alzheimer i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla PH i\u00e7in de demans riski ta\u015f\u0131r. MAPT<\/em> geni ise Tau<\/em> proteini \u00fcretir. Alzheimer\u2019a sebep olan bu protein PH\u2019de demans\u0131 tetikler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"
    (Parkinson hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: Astrid Gast\/<\/a>Shutterstock<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Bilgi Kaynak\u00e7as\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Schapira, ANTHONY HV. “Parkinson’s disease.” Bmj 318.7179 (1999): 311-314. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.318.7179.311<\/a><\/li>
    2. Henderson, Michael X., et al. “Alzheimer\u2019s disease tau is a prominent pathology in LRRK2 Parkinson\u2019s disease.” Acta neuropathologica communications 7.1 (2019): 1-16. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-019-0836-x<\/a><\/li>
    3. Tysnes, Ole-Bj\u00f8rn, and Anette Storstein. “Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease.” Journal of Neural Transmission 124.8 (2017): 901-905. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-017-1686-y<\/a><\/li>
    4. Hallett, M. “Clinical neurophysiology of akinesia.” Revue neurologique 146.10 (1990): 585-590. PMID: 2263821<\/li>
    5. Pinto, Serge, et al. “Treatments for dysarthria in Parkinson’s disease.” The Lancet Neurology 3.9 (2004): 547-556. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00854-3<\/a><\/li>
    6. Emre, Murat. “Dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease.” The Lancet Neurology 2.4 (2003): 229-237. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00351-X<\/a><\/li>
    7. Tunold, Jon-Anders, et al. “APOE and MAPT Are Associated With Dementia in Neuropathologically Confirmed Parkinson’s Disease.” Frontiers in neurology 12 (2021). DOI: 10.3389\/fneur.2021.631145<\/li>
    8. Macaya, Alfons, and Robert E. Burke. “Effect of striatal lesion with quinolinate on the development of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons: a quantitative morphological analysis.” Developmental neuroscience 14.5-6 (1992): 362-368. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000111684<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      G\u00f6rsel Kaynak\u00e7as\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. Astrid Gast\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/li>
      2. solar22\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 763720675<\/li>
      3. Maryna Maiboroda\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 670212961<\/li>
      4. ESB Professional\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Giri\u015f Parkinson Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (PH) en yayg\u0131n hareket bozuklu\u011fudur ve Alzheimer\u2019dan sonra gelen en yayg\u0131n n\u00f6rodejeneratif hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Bradikinezi (yava\u015f hareket), rijidite<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":267,"featured_media":10124,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,25],"tags":[1942,57,70,1941,1938,58,1940,341,149,115,810,1187,990,92,1939,1075,1945,287,1371,996,1944,345,1943],"acf":[],"views":759,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10122"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/267"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10122"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10132,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10122\/revisions\/10132"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}