{"id":10442,"date":"2021-05-13T13:43:46","date_gmt":"2021-05-13T10:43:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=10442"},"modified":"2021-07-15T19:12:30","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T16:12:30","slug":"gecmisten-gunumuze-tipta-kadin-olmak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/gecmisten-gunumuze-tipta-kadin-olmak\/","title":{"rendered":"Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze T\u0131pta Kad\u0131n olmak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu1-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu1-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu1-125x125.png 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu1-110x110.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu1-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu1-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu1-420x420.png 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu1-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/156851763@N06\/40750214831\/in\/photolist-2es48fL-2hfAp2F-2c7v2xK-TS4e3-2ex28WR-Um5vFj-Vk9Dr-255Xv9T-hyKgbt-iEmjDd-iEoKey-iEkKAt-iEjE2M-orjGWQ-or4WKR-ormeg8-opjnYq-DKS6Zz-Jxr2st-STwSdc\"><strong>kaynak<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201c<\/strong>Kad\u0131n doktor\u2019\u2019 &nbsp;kavram\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 M.\u00d6 4-3. yy Antik Yunan\u2019\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Antik Yunan\u2019da erkek doktorlar, h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren <em><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pudicitia\">\u2018\u2018pudicitia\u2019\u2019<\/a><\/em> kavram\u0131 ve kad\u0131n v\u00fccudunun <strong>kirlilik<\/strong> yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi sebebiyle kad\u0131n hastalara dokunmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bug\u00fcn t\u0131bb\u0131n en temel metinlerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Hipokratik Korpus\u2019 taki erkek bedeninin kad\u0131n\u0131nkinden tamamen farkl\u0131 ve daha geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan temellenmektedir. Yine ayn\u0131 metinde kad\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 <strong>kad\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa<\/strong> ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple kad\u0131nlar\u0131 tedavi etmesi beklenen t\u0131p \u00f6\u011fretileri \u00e7o\u011funlukla uterus ve di\u011fer \u00fcreme organlar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu fakt\u00f6rler, o d\u00f6nemde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yeterli tan\u0131 tedavi y\u00f6ntemlerine eri\u015fimini zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kad\u0131nlar yasak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde (bkz. Agnodice) t\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenmeye itilmi\u015flerdir. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki meslek gruplar\u0131nda varl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011flar boyunca yasalar ve sosyal normlarla k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olsa da on dokuzuncu ve yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131llarda kad\u0131nlar, a\u00e7\u0131ktan t\u0131p e\u011fitimi alabilmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda, feminist dalgan\u0131n(bkz. ERA) da etkisiyle kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak sa\u011fl\u0131k ve t\u0131p alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131ca art\u0131\u015f\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde cinsiyet e\u015fitsizliklerinin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ememektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu2-1024x383.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu2-1024x383.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu2-400x150.png 400w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu2-768x288.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu2-110x41.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu2-420x157.png 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu2-770x288.png 770w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu2.png 1103w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/137667883@N08\/39001857112\/in\/photolist-SpkVsr-Th6haN-2a1Xc5p-MMYigx-Sh3Qfn-Gsptn9-CoPxmR-TnyYN2-UEn4r7-23BxWAw-rcqfmn-tyk17f-22qsHjh-22J4qip-29Mbkzq-22J4pTX-qWmHb8-KS6qkd-u9UW8g\">Kaynak<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00f6netim pozisyonlar\u0131nda erkeklere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oranlarda yer al\u0131yor olu\u015flar\u0131 global bir norm olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Amerika\u2019da sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn %78\u2019inin kad\u0131nlardan olu\u015fuyor olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00e7e\u015fitli sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda ve hastanelerde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00f6netim pozisyonlar\u0131nda yeterince temsil edilemedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131nda kad\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n erkek emsallerine g\u00f6re daha az kazand\u0131klar\u0131 da yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ortaya konmu\u015ftur. \u00dcstelik bu adaletsizlik kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne katk\u0131s\u0131yla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak artmaktad\u0131r. 2006 ve 2014 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkelerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda profesyonel bir i\u015f koluna kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6demenin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Akademide de durum bundan pek farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. 2013-2014 AAMC raporuna g\u00f6re t\u0131p alan\u0131nda akademide \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar genelin %38\u2019ini olu\u015fturuyor olsalar da, dekanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca %16\u2019 s\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131n oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bir makaleye g\u00f6re akademik kurul kad\u0131n \u00fcyelerin oran\u0131 %17 iken bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu da sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Akademide kad\u0131n temsiliyetinin bu denli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olu\u015fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 adaletsizlikleriyle ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel normatif bariyerlerle yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Akademide ve Sahada Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Zorluklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 mikroagresyonlar\u0131<\/li><li>Cinsiyet\u00e7ilik<\/li><li>Cinsel Taciz<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n t\u0131p alan\u0131nda tam potansiyellerine ula\u015fmalar\u0131nda en belirleyici fakt\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131d\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir i\u015f ortam\u0131nda olmas\u0131 arzulanan unsurlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan i\u015fe ve bireyin kendisine g\u00f6sterilen sayg\u0131 gelmektedir. Bu beklentinin kar\u015f\u0131lanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar \u00e7e\u015fitli mikroagresyonlara maruz kalmaktad\u0131r. Agresyonlara cinsiyet\u00e7ilik de e\u015flik etmektedir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kad\u0131nlar\u0131n karar verme becerilerini etkin kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren i\u015flere erkek meslek erbaplar\u0131ndan daha az atan\u0131yor olmalar\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n <strong>kad\u0131n <\/strong>olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in irade ve becerilerinin sorguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlara g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnektir. Yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde tekrarl\u0131 ve \u00f6zel yetenek gerektirmeyen i\u015flerin genellikle kad\u0131nlara y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yor olu\u015fu da\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 bilim d\u0131\u015f\u0131na iten bir ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6r de cinsel tacizdir. 2016\u2019da NIH\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re akademide \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n doktorlar\u0131n %30\u2019unun cinsel tacize u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fanan olay\u0131n kariyerlerini olumsuz etkiledi\u011fini belirtirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tedavi S\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Alanlar\u0131n\u0131n Feminizasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"i\"><li><strong>Neden \u00d6nemsenmeli?<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir grubun herhangi bir meslek alan\u0131nda temsili toplumsal etkilere de sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bu etkiler t\u0131pta kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Klinik deneylerde ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda yer alan kad\u0131n doktorlar\u0131n say\u0131ca daha az olu\u015flar\u0131 (Vlassoff, 2007) ve bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardaki cinsiyet bazl\u0131 finansman farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara dahil edilen kad\u0131n hasta say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kad\u0131nsal perspektiflerinin eksik kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kad\u0131n bedeni \u00fczerindeki etkilerinin erkeklerle \u00f6zde\u015f kabul edildi\u011fi ortaya konmu\u015ftur (Holdcroft, 2007). Bu duruma iyi bir \u00f6rnek koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in risk grubunda bulunan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n morbidite ve mortalite oranlar\u0131 erkek hastalara g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen erkek hasta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla fonlan\u0131yor olu\u015fudur. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tan\u0131 ve tedavi y\u00f6ntemlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesinde bu tarz ayr\u0131mlar, toplumsal bazda geriletici unsurlar olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu3-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu3-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu3-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu3-125x125.png 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu3-110x110.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu3-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu3-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu3-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/66376272@N07\/32341279961\/in\/photolist-RgTvMc-26JouHr-Bu6gQj-BWdMRB-y4xVQK-vtuAri-Rx2rLc-TCW87B-PEmvwQ-xc3L3a-xfHtXG-oHdyMa-FMjtSy-Q9JTRJ-Q9Zm8y-262Vfz5-wqg2mZ-wjDATD-TaE1Gq-r6DBud-wnZzo8-214Aw1n-NU3DE7-286U5DB-BNXvJe-RtCw29-yyLro2-27q39TM-rEUewn-RrH8UP-WUBo63-2bBTLoz-79XTtt-GokunE-JHUzFv-22P3uUE-BnJ86c-286U3N2-Reym1j-vsfij5-Rx36FF-S5Nv8J-JHSKCP-262Uzns-273uZXh-21xyfAJ-R7hhzu-VgUwKF-yKpSsj-2cNDdr3\">kaynak<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Sa\u011fl\u0131k Politikalar\u0131nda Cinsiyet Fakt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in 2030 S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Geli\u015fim Ajandas\u0131\u2019da makro-level ekonomik politikalar\u0131n sosyal adalet ve e\u015fitlik do\u011frultusunda olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fru politikalar cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda ve kad\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n teslim edilmesinde belirleyici olmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple h\u00fck\u00fcmetler durumun iyile\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Uzun d\u00f6nem i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc planlamalar\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaba katmal\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebilecek cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 yasalar d\u00fczenlemelidir.<\/li><li>Kad\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na gereken b\u00fct\u00e7eyi ay\u0131rmal\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131kta sosyal adaletin sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n neden erkeklerden farkl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131na itildi\u011fini sorgulayan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapmal\u0131, spesifik kollarda kad\u0131n temsiliyetinin yetersizli\u011fine sebep olan fakt\u00f6rleri elimine etmek i\u00e7in at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ad\u0131mlar\u0131 planlamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n emekleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, erkek e\u015fde\u011ferleriyle ayn\u0131 \u00f6demeyi ald\u0131klar\u0131ndan ve ayn\u0131 vergilendirmeye tabi tutulduklar\u0131ndan emin olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te t\u0131pta kad\u0131n olmak her d\u00f6nemde kendine has zorluklar\u0131 da beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Unutulmamas\u0131 gereken nokta bu zorluklar\u0131n yeterli toplum deste\u011fi ve do\u011fru politikalarla a\u015f\u0131labilecek olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"413\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu4.png 413w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu4-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu4-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu4-125x125.png 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ulu4-110x110.png 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 413px) 100vw, 413px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/thedreamrocket\/26810420597\/in\/photolist-FRwiq4-2ffUqZs-H2yoiD-23MeJEK-Ch4LHW-FRwicZ-BSBzyx-YRZLbV-23Kh76h-GR9pYZ-NsyhVo-L4C2TV-LZrknh-2aruj2K-rRTKoX-TBL5Md-TCDc7Q-JEiEni-27GR3Zi-MFP3sp-27CnkKU-xbWc2S-Nshuf2-28UCMg7-yxv1Jt-27wDV8x-sHmb4Y-Ujg3wQ\">Kaynak<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/womeninantiquity.wordpress.com\/2018\/11\/27\/women-in-medicine\/\">https:\/\/womeninantiquity.wordpress.com\/2018\/11\/27\/women-in-medicine\/<\/a><\/li><li>Srivastava K, Chaudhury S, Bhat PS, Sahu S. Misogyny, feminism, and sexual harassment.&nbsp;<em>Ind Psychiatry J<\/em>. 2017;26(2):111-113. doi:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4103%2Fipj.ipj_32_18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.4103\/ipj.ipj_32_18<\/a><\/li><li>Holdcroft, Anita. \u201cGender bias in research: how does it affect evidence based medicine?.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine<\/em>&nbsp;vol. 100,1 (2007): 2-3. doi:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1258%2Fjrsm.100.1.2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1258\/jrsm.100.1.2<\/a> Does Gender Bias Still Affect Women in Science?<\/li><li>Rachel L. Roper Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Jul 2019, 83 (3) e00018-19; DOI: 10.1128\/MMBR.00018-19<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/gender-bias-in-medicine-and-medical-research-is-still-putting-womens-health-at-risk-156495\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/gender-bias-in-medicine-and-medical-research-is-still-putting-womens-health-at-risk-156495<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/womens-health-is-better-when-women-have-more-control-in-their-society-148327\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/womens-health-is-better-when-women-have-more-control-in-their-society-148327<\/a><\/li><li>Schrouff J, Pischedda D, Genon S, Fryns G, Pinho AL, Vassena E, Liuzzi AG, Ferreira FS. Gender bias in (neuro)science: Facts, consequences, and solutions. Eur J Neurosci. 2019 Oct;50(7):3094-3100. DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.14397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1111\/ejn.14397<\/a>.&nbsp; Epub 2019 Mar 25. PMID: 30811680.<\/li><li>Gupta GR, Oomman N, Grown C, Conn K, Hawkes S, Shawar YR, Shiffman J, Buse K, Mehra R, Bah CA, Heise L, Greene ME, Weber AM, Heymann J, Hay K, Raj A, Henry S, Klugman J, Darmstadt GL; Gender Equality, Norms, and Health Steering Committee. Gender equality and gender norms: framing the opportunities for health. Lancet. 2019 Jun 22;393(10190):2550-2562. DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)30651-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30651-8<\/a>. Epub 2019 May 30. PMID: 31155276.<\/li><li>Schrouff, J., Pischedda, D., Genon, S., Fryns, G., Pinho, A.L., Vassena, E., Liuzzi, A.G. and Ferreira, F.S. (2019), Gender bias in (neuro)science: Facts, consequences, and solutions. Eur J Neurosci, 50: 3094-3100.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.14397\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.14397<\/a><\/li><li>Witteman HO. Gender bias in academia. Lancet. 2019 Feb 23;393(10173):743-744. DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)30229-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30229-6<\/a>. PMID: 30799008.<\/li><li>Shannon, G., Minckas, N., Tan, D.&nbsp;<em>et al.<\/em>&nbsp;Feminisation of the health workforce and wage conditions of health professions: an exploratory analysis.&nbsp;<em>Hum Resour Health<\/em>&nbsp;<strong>17,&nbsp;<\/strong>72 (2019).&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12960-019-0406-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12960-019-0406-0<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Thibault, George E. MD&nbsp;Women in Academic Medicine, Academic Medicine: August 2016 &#8211; Volume 91 &#8211; Issue 8 &#8211; p 1045-1046 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001273\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001273<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/en\/download\/article-file\/1245413\">https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/en\/download\/article-file\/1245413<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-wma-the-world-medical-association wp-block-embed-wma-the-world-medical-association\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"wxVLd9wbq9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-statement-on-gender-equality-in-medicine\/\">WMA Statement on Gender Equality in Medicine<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;WMA Statement on Gender Equality in Medicine&#8221; &#8212; WMA - The World Medical Association\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-statement-on-gender-equality-in-medicine\/embed\/#?secret=3d8E5xkmo8#?secret=wxVLd9wbq9\" data-secret=\"wxVLd9wbq9\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>kaynak \u201cKad\u0131n doktor\u2019\u2019 &nbsp;kavram\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 M.\u00d6 4-3. yy Antik Yunan\u2019\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Antik Yunan\u2019da erkek doktorlar, h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren \u2018\u2018pudicitia\u2019\u2019 kavram\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":393,"featured_media":10444,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[426,2053,2052,621],"acf":[],"views":1402,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10442"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/393"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10442"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10442\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10689,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10442\/revisions\/10689"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}