{"id":10472,"date":"2021-05-15T15:30:42","date_gmt":"2021-05-15T12:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=10472"},"modified":"2021-05-15T16:29:37","modified_gmt":"2021-05-15T13:29:37","slug":"dans-vebasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/dans-vebasi\/","title":{"rendered":"DANS VEBASI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n\"Modern<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n varolu\u015fu ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fczel sanat dallar\u0131ndan biri olan dans, nesilden nesile aktar\u0131larak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki konu\u015fma dilinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 devirlerde insanlar dans dili ile anla\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Belli bir ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in hareket ediyorlar, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hareketlere ve \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 seslere anlam y\u00fckl\u00fcyorlar ve ileti\u015fimlerini bu \u015fekilde sa\u011fl\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu nedenle dans tarihinin insanl\u0131k tarihi kadar eskilere uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, dans\u0131n evrimsel bir ihtiya\u00e7 olarak ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve dans aktivitesinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fer haline geldi\u011fini, e\u015f se\u00e7iminde de etkili oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca bilim insanlar\u0131 dans\u0131n koordineli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in ortak bir dayan\u0131\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011furdu\u011funu dile getiriyor. Ritmik ve estetik hareketler ile dans eden canl\u0131n\u0131n simetrik hatlar\u0131n\u0131n belirginle\u015fmesi, estetik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve buna ek olarak m\u00fczi\u011fin ritmine uyulmas\u0131, sinir sistemi aktivitesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6stermektedir. Yani dans\u0131n o kadar yayg\u0131n evrensel bir fenomen olmas\u0131n\u0131n arka plan\u0131nda bir mant\u0131k vard\u0131r. Dans etme esnas\u0131nda hem i\u015fitsel hem de motorsal bir aktivite i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fumuz ve m\u00fczi\u011fin ritmini duydu\u011fumuz anda bazal gangliyonlardaki aktivitenin art\u0131p i\u015fitsel korteksle aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek dans etmenin asl\u0131nda bizim i\u00e7in ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"white-swan-anastasia-kolegova-jack-devant\"<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Buna ek olarak dans t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan tek anonim sanat olmu\u015ftur. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca dans\u0131n geli\u015fimi dinsel, folklorik ve toplum danslar\u0131 olarak ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu toplumun ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu m\u00fczik t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re geli\u015ferek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak sanat\u0131 olan dans\u0131n g\u00fcndelik hayatta insanlar aras\u0131ndaki dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve halk dans\u0131 kavram\u0131 ile kitlelerin dans etti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek ki\u015fileraras\u0131 ileti\u015fimi ve sosyalli\u011fi artt\u0131ran bir de\u011fer oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Her toplumun kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir halk dans\u0131 oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurdu\u011fumuzda toplumsal bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr birikimi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u201cDans medeni bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r.\u201d       <\/span><\/strong><\/p>

Mustafa Kemal ATAT\u00dcRK<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Victorian<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Peki, insanlar\u0131n dans s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir ritme ba\u011fl\u0131 hareket ederken i\u015fitsel ve motor i\u015flevlerinin birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek bir anda sokakta m\u00fczik olmadan dans eden bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fiyi g\u00f6rseydiniz ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcn\u00fcz? Ama bildi\u011fimiz koreografik \u015fekilde de\u011fil; bunun yerine daha sars\u0131c\u0131, sars\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve kontrolden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f tarzda sanki hareketlerini bir kukla ustas\u0131 y\u00f6netiyormu\u015f gibi dans ettiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Bir ayinin a\u00e7\u0131kta yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp korku duymaz m\u0131yd\u0131n\u0131z? Ya da b\u00fct\u00fcn olanlara anlam vermekte zorlan\u0131r m\u0131yd\u0131n\u0131z?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u0130\u015fte burada ak\u0131llara F. Nietzsche\u2019nin bir s\u00f6z\u00fc geliyor: \u201cM\u00fczi\u011fin sesini duymayanlar dans edenleri deli san\u0131yorlard\u0131.\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

 Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte farkl\u0131 nedenlerden dolay\u0131 insanlar\u0131n bir anda dans etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendini durduramay\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcklerini ve bunun sadece bir kez de de\u011fil bir\u00e7ok kez ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyor muydunuz? Hatta bu olaylar baz\u0131 karikat\u00fcrlere de konu olmu\u015ftur. Uykusuz dergisinin karikat\u00fcristlerinden olan Yi\u011fit \u00d6zg\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn o me\u015fhur karikat\u00fcr\u00fcnden duydu\u011fumuz \u201cO zaman DANS!\u201d kal\u0131b\u0131n\u0131 sosyal mecrada, \u015fark\u0131larda, g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131zda fazlas\u0131yla kullanmaktay\u0131z.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/140715105@N06\/28407264405\/in\/photolist-KhfE1M-2jiFu4J-js86Ma-2jiCv7P-2jiCv2J-2jiCuRD-2jiGHBe-2jiCuML-2jiGHre-2jiCuR8-2jiGHua-2jiCuAt-2jiGHpW-2jiGHnS-2jiFu31-2jiCv4x-2jiCuQ6-2jiFtPA-4LuSH6-2jiCuxT-2jiFtBr-2jiFtya-2jiCuEg-2jiGH9L-2jiCuCn-2jiFtTi-2jiGH5s-2jiGGnf-2jiFtqz-2jxinxc-2jiCuwq-2jiCutQ-jnGCEZ-2jiFtGG-2jiCucs-2jiGGy7-2jiCuBk-2jiCuv3-2jiGH6p-2jiGGAG-2jiGGqM-2jiCv1G-2jiGGWg-2jiCtJP-2jiGxQf-71cP1X-r7as89-c5K3qY-jnGDcR-2jiFtgX\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Marcus Tullius Cicero da:\u201dHi\u00e7 kimse ay\u0131k kafayla dans etmez, deli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece.\u201c demi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca dans etmenin arkas\u0131nda tam olarak ne vard\u0131? Bu dans salg\u0131nlar\u0131 nerede ve ne zaman ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O zaman bahsi ge\u00e7en dans \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarihine bakarsak 14. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kara \u00d6l\u00fcm \u2019\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan patlak veren bu ak\u0131m, y\u00fczy\u0131llarca Orta Avrupa\u2019da \u2013\u00f6zellikle Hollanda, Almanya ve Bel\u00e7ika\u2019da- tekrarlanm\u0131\u015f ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cDans mani\u201d terimi, korolar(dans) ve maninin bir araya gelmesi sonucu olan \u201ckoreomani\u201dden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Bunun ayr\u0131 bir varyant\u0131 olan Tarantizm, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar G\u00fcney \u0130talya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hatta Tarantizm\u2019in olu\u015fma nedeninin tarantula \u00f6r\u00fcmce\u011finin \u0131s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc h\u00e2kimdir. Bu durumdan etkilenen ki\u015filer s\u00fcrekli, d\u00fczensiz ve \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca danslar\u0131na devam ediyorlarm\u0131\u015f. O d\u00f6nemin Avrupa\u2019s\u0131nda bu \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131k Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n insanlara g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden verdi\u011fi bir ceza olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyormu\u015f. Ama 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Paracelsus, bunun etiyolojisinde psikojenik bir durum oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc savunmu\u015ftur. Daha sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te dans manisinin kitlesel psikojenik hastal\u0131k, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak belirlenmi\u015f bir rit\u00fcel veya zehirli ve psikoaktif kimyasal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin (ergot mantarlar\u0131n vb. )neden oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu duruma verilen ilk \u00f6rneklerden biri de, 1021 y\u0131l\u0131 Noel arifesinde 18 ki\u015finin Almanya\u2019n\u0131n K\u00f6lbigk \u015fehrinde kilise \u00f6n\u00fcnde dans ederken \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sesten rahats\u0131z olan bir rahibin onlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131p bir sonraki Noel arifesine kadar dans etmelerine sebep olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu uzun dans rit\u00fcelinin ard\u0131ndan ise  insanlar bitkinlik ve pi\u015fmanl\u0131kla derin bir uykuya dalarlar yani hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybederler. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201cSon zamanlarda halk aras\u0131nda garip bir salg\u0131n var, \u00f6yle ki \u00e7o\u011fu delilik i\u00e7inde dans etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Kesintisiz, bilin\u00e7siz d\u00fc\u015fene kadar gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ayakta durdular. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu bundan \u00f6ld\u00fc. “<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Verilen di\u011fer \u00f6rneklere bakarsak d\u00fczinelerce Orta \u00c7a\u011f yazar\u0131 1374’te Bat\u0131 Almanya, Kuzeydo\u011fu Fransa’y\u0131 kas\u0131p kavuran bu olaylar\u0131 eserlerinde ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Erfurt kasabas\u0131nda 200 ki\u015finin Maastricht’teki Moselle Nehri \u00fczerindeki bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcde y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar dans ettikleri ve neredeyse hepsinin bo\u011fularak \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlardan ayr\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dans salg\u0131n\u0131, 1518 y\u0131l\u0131nda Strazburg \u015fehrinde meydana geldi. Frau Troffea ad\u0131nda bir kad\u0131n dans etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Sonraki 4 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde 33 ki\u015fi daha ona kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve bir ay i\u00e7erisinde 400 kadar insan\u0131 kendi etkisi alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Durdurulamayan bu dans y\u00fcz\u00fcnden de \u00e7o\u011fu kalp krizi ge\u00e7irip hayat\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Tarantella\"<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

“Deliliklerinde insanlar bilincini yitirene ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6lene kadar dans etmeye devam etti.” Strasbourg ar\u015fivlerinde dans eden veban\u0131n kroni\u011fi<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dans salg\u0131nlar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde az hat\u0131rlan\u0131yor ve imkans\u0131z gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor olsa da olaylar\u0131n birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n uydurma olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrken 1374 ve 1518 salg\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fine dair hi\u00e7bir \u015f\u00fcphe yoktu. Dans salg\u0131n\u0131 esnas\u0131nda dans edenlerin bunu istemeyerek yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kendi iradelerine kar\u015f\u0131 gelemediklerini dile getiriyorlard\u0131. Ac\u0131lar i\u00e7erisinde k\u0131vran\u0131p merhamet diliyorlar ve kurtar\u0131lmak i\u00e7in yard\u0131m istiyorlard\u0131. Bu salg\u0131nlarla ilgili bir\u00e7ok teori ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f h\u00e2kimdi. Teorinin birine g\u00f6re, olgunla\u015fan \u00e7avdar saplar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir k\u00fcf olan ergot; hal\u00fcsinasyonlar g\u00f6rmelerine, spazm ge\u00e7irmelerine ve titremelerine neden oluyordu. Hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalananlar\u0131n, konv\u00fclsiyon \u00fcretti\u011fi bilinen mantar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ergotu ile kirlenmi\u015f \u00e7avdar unundan yap\u0131lan ekme\u011fi t\u00fcketmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak bu teori tam olarak do\u011frulanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En yayg\u0131n kabul g\u00f6ren teori, Amerikal\u0131 t\u0131p tarih\u00e7isi John Waller taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131. Dans vebas\u0131n\u0131n bir t\u00fcr kitlesel psikojenik bozukluk oldu\u011funa inanma nedenlerini birka\u00e7 makalede belirtti. Bu teoriye g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde psikolojik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7erisinde olman\u0131n bireyin trans durumuna kap\u0131lma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmekteydi. 1518 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Strasburg halk\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc ge\u00e7en hasat d\u00f6nemleri, bir nesilden fazla s\u00fcren y\u00fcksek tah\u0131l fiyatlar\u0131, frengi, c\u00fczzam ve veban\u0131n tekrar g\u00fcndeme gelmesiyle s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. 1374 dans salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 tufan\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok etkilenen b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi de tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildi.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Hallucination\"<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Umutsuzlu\u011fun psikolojik bir tepkideki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in do\u011fru ko\u015fullar\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsek bile insanlar\u0131n tepkilerinin neden a\u011flamak, ba\u011f\u0131rmak, \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k atmak, kavga etmek ya da derin bir sessizli\u011fe g\u00f6m\u00fclmek olmaktan ziyade sefalet i\u00e7erisindeyken dans etmeyi tercih etmelerini a\u00e7\u0131klayam\u0131yoruz. Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re dans salg\u0131nlar\u0131 daha \u00f6nceki dans salg\u0131nlar\u0131ndan etkilenen \u015fehirlerde meydana geldi. Epidemiyolojik olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da bu durumun bir t\u00fcr k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bula\u015fma oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle bu durum tutarl\u0131yd\u0131. Genelde olaylar \u00f6nceden var olan inanc\u0131n oldu\u011fu co\u011frafyada meydana geliyordu. Psikolojik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 insanlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca dans eder bir hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Bu salg\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kendilerinin bu lanete maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanan insanlar\u0131n transa ge\u00e7ip dans etmesiyle yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitlesel ya\u015fanan bu \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n dans olgusunun 13. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 etkilemi\u015f olup uzun seneler boyu da s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ama bu dans vebas\u0131n\u0131n etiyolojisi hala tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunu i\u00e7in geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck tarihsel incelemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda epilepsi, tarantula \u0131s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131, ergot zehirlenmesi, sosyal s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 gibi nedenler oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin iddialar ortaya konulmaktayd\u0131. K\u0131sacas\u0131 dans vebas\u0131, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hala \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclememi\u015f gizemlerinden biri olarak devam etmektedir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TARANTULA ISIRI\u011eI (KURT \u00d6R\u00dcMCE\u011e\u0130)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Tarantella\"<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Lycosa tarantula, Lycosidae familyas\u0131ndan bir \u00f6r\u00fcmcek t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Klasik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz tarantulalar\u0131n aksine bu \u00f6r\u00fcmcekler kurt \u00f6r\u00fcmce\u011fidir. Tarantula zehri; a\u011fr\u0131ya, doku nekrozuna ve sistemik reaksiyonlara neden olabilen bir enzim ve n\u00fckleotid kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7erir. (Poliaminler, n\u00f6rotransmitterler, serbest aminoasitler, n\u00fckleotidler, hiyal\u00fcronidaz vb.) \u0130nsanlarda zehir sonucunda a\u011fr\u0131, lokal doku nekrozu ve \u015fiddetli kas kramplar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Zehrin al\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re ve tutulumuna g\u00f6re rinit, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 konjunktival bir enfeksiyon, anafilaksi benzeri bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 tablo g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131rma, cinnet ge\u00e7irme benzeri davran\u0131\u015flar da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Tarantella\"<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tarantizm kavram\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, G\u00fcney \u0130talya\u2019da 15 ila 17.y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve tarantula \u00f6r\u00fcmce\u011finin \u0131s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilen hastal\u0131k veya histeri bi\u00e7imi olarak yorumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu Orta\u00e7a\u011f d\u00f6neminde \u0130talyan halk\u0131, tarantulan\u0131n \u00f6nce \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rtan sonra da \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olan \u0131s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 en etkileyici panzehirin tarantella e\u015fli\u011finde \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca dans etmek oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rlarm\u0131\u015f. Tarantella , \u0130talya\u2019ya ait h\u0131zl\u0131 ad\u0131mlarla oynanan , kad\u0131n dans\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131kla tef ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 bir danst\u0131r. Bir nevi terapi dans\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan Tarantellay\u0131 icra eden ki\u015filer k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kurdeleler ve renkli k\u0131yafetler giyiyorlard\u0131. Bunu yapmaktaki ama\u00e7 dans edip \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken \u00f6r\u00fcmce\u011fin zehrini ter ile atacaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleriydi.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Ergot!\"<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ERGOT \u00c7AVDARI<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir di\u011fer teori ise yayg\u0131n ergot zehirlenmesi olabilece\u011fidir. Ergot, \u00e7avdarda yeti\u015fen bir mantard\u0131r ve yutuldu\u011funda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc psikoaktif etkiler g\u00f6sterip hal\u00fcsinasyonlara, titremelere ve konv\u00fclsiyonlara neden olabilir. (Bir ergot bile\u015feni, liserjik asit, LSD’yi sentezlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.) Ergot zehirlenmesinde spazmlar, mide bulant\u0131s\u0131 ve parmaklarda kangren g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc gibi semptomlarla karakterizedir. Orta \u00c7a\u011f’da St. Anthony’nin ate\u015fi olarak bilinen olay\u0131n ergot zehirlenmesinden meydana geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sel oldu\u011funda ve nemli d\u00f6nemlerde ergotlar b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp \u00e7avdar ve di\u011fer mahsulleri etkilemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece insan v\u00fccuduna ve \u00e7iftlik hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccuduna girmi\u015ftir. Ergottan etkilenen insanlarda hal\u00fcsinasyonlar ve kas\u0131lmalar ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde bir teori ortaya koyulmu\u015ftur.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Tarantella\"<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u0130TLESEL PS\u0130KOJEN\u0130K HASTALIK (MPI)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131 dans \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kitlesel psikojenik hastal\u0131k veya MPI sonucu oldu\u011funa inanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. MPI, bir pop\u00fclasyona yay\u0131lan, ancak net bir fiziksel kayna\u011f\u0131 olmayan semptomlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermekteydi. MPI\u2019da beyin, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kendisi olsa bile, hastan\u0131n bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa sahip oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesine neden oluyordu. Semptomlar ger\u00e7ek olsa bile semptomlar\u0131n sinir sistemi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi mikrop, zehir gibi bir etken taraf\u0131ndan oldu\u011funa dair kan\u0131t yoktu.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 beyni bu bili\u015fsel k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131na iten risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 stres kaynakl\u0131 olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu dans \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, son zamanlarda g\u0131da k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar vb. sert toplumsal olaylardan fazlas\u0131yla hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olan b\u00f6lgeleri etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitlesel histerileri anksiyete ve motor histeri olarak ay\u0131r\u0131rsak; kitlesel anksiyete histeri, genellikle yanl\u0131\u015f bir tehdide yan\u0131t olarak yo\u011fun anksiyetenin ani ifadesini i\u00e7erir. Kitlesel motor histeri ise psikolojik gerilim birikimi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden psikomotor anormallikler ile kendini g\u00f6sterir.  1962’de Tanganika G\u00f6l\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki bir okulunda birka\u00e7 k\u0131zda s\u0131rayla g\u00fclme ve a\u011flama d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fc geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Rahats\u0131zl\u0131k k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kom\u015fu topluluklara s\u0131\u00e7rayarak hem Zambiya’da hem de Uganda’da benzer g\u00fclme salg\u0131nlar\u0131 kaydedilmi\u015ftir. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda bir Tanzanya okulundaki birka\u00e7 k\u0131z \u00f6\u011frenci s\u0131navlara girme bask\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bay\u0131lma, h\u0131\u00e7k\u0131rma, ba\u011f\u0131rma, ko\u015fma ve tepinme \u015feklinde tepkiler g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"DorianaSinnett_SPIRIT<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tarihin belirli d\u00f6nemlerinde Bat\u0131 toplumlar\u0131nda bu vakalar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni tam olarak bilinmeyip hala gizemini korumaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu vakalar bir\u00e7ok sanat\u00e7\u0131ya ilham vermi\u015ftir. Hatta bir\u00e7o\u011fumuzun bildi\u011fi Fareli K\u00f6y\u00fcn Kavalc\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bundan esinlenerek yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylentisi mevcuttur. Konu farkl\u0131 disiplin dallar\u0131na mensup akademisyenleri hala me\u015fgul etmektedir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A ve \u0130LER\u0130 OKUMA:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. John Waller , A forgotten plague: making sense of dancing mania , Lancet , Yay\u0131nlanma Tarihi: 21 \u015eubat 2009 , PMID: 19238695 DOI: 10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)60386-x<\/li>
  2. LJ Donaldson ( Prof ) aJ Cavanagh bJ Rankin a , The Dancing Plague: a public health conundrum , Public Health , Volume 111, Issue 4, July 1997, Pages 201-204 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ph.1900371<\/li>
  3. Lanska D.J.a, b ,The Dancing Manias: Psychogenic Illness as a Social Phenomenon Front Neurol Neurosci. 2018;42:132-141. doi: 10.1159\/000475719<\/li>
  4. Bartholomew RE. Tarantism, dancing mania and demonopathy: the anthro-political aspects of ‘mass psychogenic illness’. Psychol Med. 1994 May;24(2):281-306.  PMID: 8084927        DOI: 10.1017\/s0033291700027288<\/li>
  5. The black death and the dancing mania , by Hecker, J. F. C. (Justus Friedrich Carl), 1795-1850; Babington, B. G. (Benjamin Guy), 1794-1866 , https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/00338041.9352.emory.edu\/page\/n17\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/li>
  6. Vittorio A Sironi 1, Michele A Riva 2 , Neurological implications and neuropsychological considerations on folk music and dance , Prog Brain Res . 2015;217:187-205. doi: 10.1016\/bs.pbr.2014.11.027<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \n\"Dance<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n varolu\u015fu ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fczel sanat dallar\u0131ndan biri olan dans, nesilden nesile aktar\u0131larak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki konu\u015fma dilinin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":392,"featured_media":10478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"views":1212,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10472"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/392"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10472"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10472\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10482,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10472\/revisions\/10482"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}