{"id":10692,"date":"2021-08-29T18:42:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-29T15:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=10692"},"modified":"2021-08-31T08:50:16","modified_gmt":"2021-08-31T05:50:16","slug":"dunyayi-daha-renkli-gormek-tetrakromasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/dunyayi-daha-renkli-gormek-tetrakromasi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00dcNYAYI DAHA RENKL\u0130 G\u00d6RMEK: TETRAKROMAS\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"659\" height=\"434\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/clrflimg.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10693\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/clrflimg.png 659w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/clrflimg-400x263.png 400w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/clrflimg-110x72.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/clrflimg-420x277.png 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/clrflimg-653x430.png 653w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 659px) 100vw, 659px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"><strong>&nbsp;   <\/strong>G\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131zda herhangi bir aktivite yaparken \u00e7evremizde olup bitenleri do\u011fal olarak inceleriz. G\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimizin nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funu, o renklerin g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcze nas\u0131l geldi\u011fini ya da zaman zaman o renklerle g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimizi nas\u0131l tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcz.&nbsp; \u00c7evremizdekileri herkesle ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcp g\u00f6rmedi\u011fimizi asl\u0131nda birbirimize sorarak emin olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. Peki, \u00e7evremizde g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimiz, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa g\u00f6re bize daha farkl\u0131 ve daha renkli geliyorsa bu neden olabilir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">&nbsp;&nbsp; G\u00f6z retinas\u0131nda, \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen \u0131\u015f\u0131k enerjisini elektriksel enerjiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren ileri derecede \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015f fotoresept\u00f6r h\u00fccreleri bulunur. Bu h\u00fccreler \u00e7ubuk ve koni h\u00fccreleridir. \u00c7ubuk h\u00fccreleri karanl\u0131kta ya da az \u0131\u015f\u0131kta g\u00f6rmemizi, koni h\u00fccreleri ise ayd\u0131nl\u0131kta ve renkli g\u00f6rmemizi sa\u011flar. Normal renk g\u00f6rme aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip insanlar trikromatik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahiptir. Trikromatik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahip olanlar, farkl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k renklerini alg\u0131layan \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit koni tipine sahiptir. Bunlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>k\u0131sa dalga (S) koni h\u00fccreleri: mor ve mavi gibi k\u0131sa dalga boylar\u0131na sahip renklere duyarl\u0131,<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>orta dalga (M) koni h\u00fccreleri: sar\u0131 ve ye\u015fil gibi orta dalga boylar\u0131na sahip renklere duyarl\u0131,<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>uzun dalga (L) koni h\u00fccreleri: k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve turuncu gibi uzun dalga boylar\u0131na sahip renklere duyarl\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Tetrakromasi Nedir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Trikromatik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahip ki\u015filer bu konilerin farkl\u0131 kombinasyonuyla yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyon rengi g\u00f6rebilir. Bundan yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 kat daha da fazla renk \u00e7e\u015fidinin g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fi tetrakromatik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte ise 4 farkl\u0131 koni tipi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumun insanlar aras\u0131nda nadir oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, kad\u0131nlarda erkeklerden daha yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 12\u2019sinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc koni tipine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Erkeklerin ise tetrakromat olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek yoktur. Erkeklerin renk k\u00f6r\u00fc olma ihtimali daha y\u00fcksektir veya kad\u0131nlar kadar fazla rengi alg\u0131layamazlar. Bu durum, konilerindeki kal\u0131tsal anormalliklerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Koni h\u00fccreleri X kromozomuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve X kromozomundaki mutasyonlar, bir ki\u015finin daha fazla veya daha az renk alg\u0131lamas\u0131na neden olur, bu nedenle X kromozomunda herhangi bir mutasyon varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda erkeklerde kad\u0131nlara g\u00f6re daha s\u0131k renk k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Ancak teoriye g\u00f6re, bir ki\u015fi iki mutasyona u\u011fram\u0131\u015f X kromozomu al\u0131rsa, normal \u00fc\u00e7 yerine d\u00f6rt koniye sahip olabilir. Bu teoriye g\u00f6re ekstra bir koninin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir tetrakromat\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr spektrum i\u00e7inde daha fazla ayr\u0131nt\u0131 veya renk \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi g\u00f6rmesine izin verebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"494\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cncttntcpxls.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10695\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cncttntcpxls.png 494w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cncttntcpxls-400x227.png 400w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cncttntcpxls-110x62.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cncttntcpxls-420x238.png 420w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">    Tetrakromatik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahip ve ayn\u0131 zamanda resim \u00f6\u011fretmeni olan Concetta Antico, bir yapra\u011fa bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ye\u015filden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliyor. \u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131n ne kadar az renkli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc beni \u015fok ediyor.\u201d diyor. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar onun tetrakromat oldu\u011funu do\u011frulad\u0131. Tetrakromasi hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi toplayabilmek i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Antico \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, renk alg\u0131s\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n tespit edilmesinin zor oldu\u011funu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7ok az oldu\u011funu, ayn\u0131 zamanda kullan\u0131lan testlerin normal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn daha \u00fczerindeki renk \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine uygun tasarlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. \u00a0Antico&#8217;nun genlerine dayanarak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, kesin olmamakla birlikte Antico&#8217;nun d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc konisinin &#8220;k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131-turuncu-sar\u0131&#8221; olan dalga boylar\u0131n\u0131 emdi\u011fini belirledi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">\u00a0    Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, tetrakromatik ki\u015filerin beyinlerinin fazladan koniye g\u00f6re adaptasyon sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini belirtiyor. Ancak d\u00fcnyada daha bir\u00e7ok tetrakromat var olsa bile, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir renk alg\u0131s\u0131na sahip olmayabilirler \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc beyinlerini bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dikkat etmek i\u00e7in odaklamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Antico, bu durumda, nadir bir istisnad\u0131r, &#8220;5 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki normal bir \u00e7ocuktan farkl\u0131yd\u0131m, 7 ya\u015f\u0131nda resim yap\u0131yordum, renkler beni \u00e7ok etkiliyordu&#8221;. Ancak Antico bu renk \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin  her zaman i\u00e7in bir avantaj olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. \u201cManavlar benim i\u00e7in ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir kabus, buras\u0131 her taraftan farkl\u0131 renklerin f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir renk \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi. En sevdi\u011fim renk ise beyaz. G\u00f6zlerimi dinlendiriyor, huzur veriyor bana. Onda da bir\u00e7ok renk var ama en az\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z etmiyor.\u201d diye belirtiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\"> Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, tetrakromatik ki\u015filerin genetik potansiyelinin ve alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, rengin g\u00f6rsel olarak i\u015flenmesi hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgiye ula\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"920\" height=\"203\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ttrchrmcy.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10696\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ttrchrmcy.png 920w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ttrchrmcy-400x88.png 400w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ttrchrmcy-768x169.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ttrchrmcy-110x24.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ttrchrmcy-420x93.png 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ttrchrmcy-770x170.png 770w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4>&nbsp;<strong>Tetrakromasiyi te\u015fhis etmek i\u00e7in hangi testler kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">&nbsp;   Hi\u00e7 test edilmediyseniz, tetrakromat olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilmek zor olabilir. Kendi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz renklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak ba\u015fka bir g\u00f6rsel sisteminiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ekstra g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz renkleri hafife alabilirsiniz. Durumunuzu \u00f6\u011frenmenin ilk yolu genetik test yapt\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Ki\u015fisel genomunuzun tam bir profili, genlerinizdeki d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc konilerin olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olan mutasyonlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir. Ebeveynlerinizin genetik testi ile birlikte size aktar\u0131lan mutasyona u\u011fram\u0131\u015f genleri de ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">&nbsp;  Renk e\u015fle\u015ftirme testi, tetrakromasi i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli testtir. Bu test \u015f\u00f6yle yap\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-medium-font-size\">&nbsp;  Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, test kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131na, trikromatlara ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnecek, fakat tetrakromatlara farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnecek iki renk kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir set g\u00f6sterir. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n birbirine ne kadar benzedi\u011fini 1 ile 10 aras\u0131nda derecelendirir. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara, cevaplar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fip de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fini veya ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in, ayn\u0131 kombinasyon olduklar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmeden, farkl\u0131 zamanlarda ayn\u0131 renk kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilir. Ger\u00e7ek tetrakromatlar bu renkleri her seferinde ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde derecelendirir, trikromatlar ise ayn\u0131 renk kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 zamanlarda farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirebilir, bu da renklerin tam olarak fark edilmedi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Tetrakromasiyi tan\u0131mlayabildi\u011fini iddia eden herhangi bir \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i teste a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphecilikle yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Newcastle \u00dcniversitesi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, bilgisayar ekranlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnen renkler, testi ge\u00e7ersiz hale getiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>  <strong>KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jameson K., Winkler A.,\u201d The Veridicality of Color: A Case Study of Potential Human Tetrachromacy\u201d <em>GLIMPSE Journal<\/em>, Eri\u015fim Tarihi:20 A\u011fustos 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marshal J., Arikawo K.,\u201d Unconventional Colour Vision\u201d <em>Current Biology,<\/em> Cilt 24, Say\u0131 24 , 2014 , Sayfalar R1150-R1154, Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 16 A\u011fustos 2021, Doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2014.10.025\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2014.10.025<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Porter, B. \u201cTeleosemantics and Tetrachromacy.\u201d <em>Biology and Philosophy <\/em>&nbsp;35, 10 (2020). Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 18 A\u011fustos 2021, Doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10539-019-9732-9\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10539-019-9732-9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ossola A.,(13 Ekim 2014)\u201cThis Woman Sees 100 Times More Colors Than The Average Person\u201d <em>Popular Science,<\/em> Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 15 A\u011fustos 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/article\/science\/woman-sees-100-times-more-colors-average-person\/\">https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/article\/science\/woman-sees-100-times-more-colors-average-person\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Robson D., (5 Eyl\u00fcl 2014)\u201d The Women with Superhuman Vision\u201d <em>BBC Future, <\/em>Eri\u015fim Tarihi:19 A\u011fustos 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20140905-the-women-with-super-human-vision\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20140905-the-women-with-super-human-vision<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jewell T.,(Son G\u00fcncelleme:24 Ekim 2018) \u201cTetrachromacy (\u2018Super Vision\u2019)\u201d <em>Healthline, <\/em>Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 17 A\u011fustos 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/tetrachromacy\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/tetrachromacy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00f6rsel kaynak: flickr, shutterstock, pexels<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; G\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131zda herhangi bir aktivite yaparken \u00e7evremizde olup bitenleri do\u011fal olarak inceleriz. G\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimizin nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funu, o renklerin g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcze nas\u0131l<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":367,"featured_media":10694,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,19],"tags":[2118,2121,2120,2119,2116,2117,1477],"acf":[],"views":1329,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10692"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/367"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10692"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11051,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10692\/revisions\/11051"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}