{"id":10699,"date":"2021-08-27T18:18:01","date_gmt":"2021-08-27T15:18:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=10699"},"modified":"2021-08-28T10:40:34","modified_gmt":"2021-08-28T07:40:34","slug":"toplumsal-cinsiyet-kimligi-ve-cinsel-yonelimlerin-norobiyolojisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/toplumsal-cinsiyet-kimligi-ve-cinsel-yonelimlerin-norobiyolojisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kimli\u011fi ve Cinsel Y\u00f6nelimlerin N\u00f6robiyolojisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-250x250.jpg 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-125x125.jpg 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-110x110.jpg 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-2048x2048.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TcwNy6syDNg9BJIS8wrSSwuyUxWKMhJzEstAQCFnwm8&amp;q=fantastic+planet&amp;rlz=1C1GCEA_enTR929TR929&amp;oq=Fan&amp;aqs=chrome.1.69i59j46i39j69i59j69i57j69i59j0i512l2j46i512j0i512l2.9712j0j4&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8\">kaynak<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Intrauterin d\u00f6nemde beynin cinsiyeti, gonadal seks ve cinsel y\u00f6nelimler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde belirlenmektedir (do\u011fum sonras\u0131 \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerin cinsiyet belirlenme s\u00fcrecine etkisi hakk\u0131nda neredeyse hi\u00e7 veri bulunmamaktad\u0131r). Genel olarak gonadal seks ile beynin cinsiyetinin ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de bunlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan s\u00fcre\u00e7ler birbirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ilerlemektedir. Ki\u015filerin cinsiyet kimli\u011fi ve cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131labilirli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde seks spesifik tedaviler geli\u015ftirildi\u011finden, gonadal seks, beynin cinsiyeti ve bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fan cinsel y\u00f6nelim ve cinsiyet kimli\u011fi kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlayabiliyor olmak olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Atanm\u0131\u015f Cinsiyet, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kimli\u011fi ve Beynin Cinsiyeti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atanm\u0131\u015f cinsiyet (gender), geleneksel olarak do\u011fu\u015ftan olan gonadal \u00f6zelliklere ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sosyal kurulu\u015flar ve toplum taraf\u0131ndan ikili sisteme (binary) uydurulmu\u015f olan cinsiyet etiketidir. Cinsiyet kimli\u011fi ise ki\u015finin kendiyle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirdi\u011fi, gonadal karakteristiklerinden, cinsiyet ifadesinden ve atanm\u0131\u015f cinsiyetinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z beyanda bulundu\u011fu cinsiyetidir. Atanm\u0131\u015f cinsiyetle cinsiyet kimli\u011finin uyu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar, prenatal d\u00f6nemdeki gonadal ve beyin geli\u015fim farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ki\u015filerde do\u011furdu\u011fu farkl\u0131 derecelerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilen s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131, huzursuzluk hallerine <em>cinsiyet disforisi <\/em>denir ve cinsiyet disforisinin en ileri formlar\u0131nda <a href=\"https:\/\/juliaserano.blogspot.com\/2015\/08\/regarding-trans-and-transgenderism.html\"><em>trans<\/em><\/a><em>seks\u00fcellik<\/em> g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Beynin cinsiyetini belirleyen ve disforiye sebep olabilen fakt\u00f6rler n\u00f6roanatomik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hormonal kontrol ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Binary sistemde kad\u0131n ve erkek beyni aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r: \u00f6rne\u011fin erkek amigdalas\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131nkinden b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6zlenirken kortikal kal\u0131nl\u0131k beynin pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde kad\u0131nda daha fazlad\u0131r. Ancak cinsiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f belirleme s\u00fcrecinde, stria terminalisin bed n\u00fckleusu (BSTc) ve anterior hipotalamusun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc interstitsiyel n\u00fckleusu (dimorfik n\u00fckleus) gibi son derece az say\u0131da beyin b\u00f6lgesi farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya konmu\u015ftur. \u00dcstelik BSTc farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n (kad\u0131nlarda ve trans kad\u0131nlarda daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve daha az say\u0131da somatostatin n\u00f6ronu i\u00e7eriyor) ergenlik d\u00f6nemi \u00f6ncesinde g\u00f6zlenmiyor olmas\u0131 da ak\u0131llara bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00fczerinde do\u011fum sonras\u0131 hormonal fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisinin olabilece\u011fini getirmektedir. Hipotalamik n\u00fckleus da (INAH-3) trans kad\u0131nlarda trans olmayan erkeklere g\u00f6re daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6zlenmi\u015f ve bu b\u00f6lgedeki n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n daha az oldu\u011fu ortaya konmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-gallery-1 wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"10702\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2.png\" data-link=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?attachment_id=10702\" class=\"wp-image-10702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-125x125.png 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-110x110.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">farkl\u0131 ya\u015f gruplar\u0131ndaki kad\u0131n ve erkeklerden al\u0131nan \u00f6rnekler, kaynaktaki makaleyi inceleyebilirsiniz<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/11534454_Sexual_Differentiation_of_the_Bed_Nucleus_of_the_Stria_Terminalis_in_Humans_May_Extend_into_Adulthood\/figures?lo=1\">kaynak<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-container-4 wp-block-gallery-3 wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"10703\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3.png\" data-link=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?attachment_id=10703\" class=\"wp-image-10703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-125x125.png 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-110x110.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-420x420.png 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-2048x2048.png 2048w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">INAH-3 n\u00fckleusunun farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steren grafik<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091-3022(11)00025-2\">kaynak<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cinsel Y\u00f6nelimlerin Belirleyicileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cinsel Y\u00f6nelim, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org.tr\/icerik\/beden-politikalari-kitabimiz-yayimlandi\"><strong>Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc Beden Politikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong>kitab\u0131nda :\u2018\u2018Ki\u015finin farkl\u0131 bir toplumsal cinsiyetten (cinsiyet kimli\u011fi) ya da ayn\u0131 toplumsal cinsiyetten ya da birden fazla toplumsal cinsiyetten ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik yo\u011fun duygusal, sevgi dolu ya da cinsel \u00e7ekim hissetme ve yak\u0131n ve cinsel ili\u015fkiler kurma durumu.\u2019\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Beyinde y\u00f6nelime ba\u011fl\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren alanlar suprakiyazmatik n\u00fckleus (homoseks\u00fcel erkeklerde, hetero erkeklere ve kad\u0131nlara g\u00f6re daha b\u00fcy\u00fck), anterior commisure (homoseks\u00fcel erkeklerde hetero erkeklere ve kad\u0131nlara g\u00f6re daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck) ve INAH-3 n\u00fckleusudur (homoseks\u00fcel erkeklerde hetero erkeklere g\u00f6re daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve hetero kad\u0131nlarla hemen hemen ayn\u0131 boyutta). Cinsel y\u00f6nelimin \u015fekillenmesinde, n\u00f6ral yap\u0131sal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hormonal hastal\u0131klar da belirleyici olmaktad\u0131r. Bu hastal\u0131klar konjenital adrenal hiperpilezi ve do\u011fu\u015ftan androjen hormon insensitivitesidir ve etkileri prenatal testesteronun beynin cinsiyetini\/ y\u00f6nelimini belirleyici \u00f6zelli\u011finden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re testesteronun aromataz ile \u00f6stradiole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn beynin eril y\u00f6nde diferansiyasonunun \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc oldu\u011fu ve eril davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Konjenital adrenal hiperpilezide, di\u015fi fet\u00fcsler prenatal d\u00f6nemde anormal d\u00fczeyde androjenlere maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fum sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Androphilia_and_gynephilia\"><em>gynephilic<\/em><\/a> ilgi, mask\u00fclen post\u00fcr ve davran\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Yaln\u0131zca 46, XY bireylerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan androjen insensitivitesi sendromunda da beynin aromatize \u00f6strojenler yerine androjenlerle mask\u00fclenizasyonu sonucunda, androjen resept\u00f6rlerinin var olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle feminen davran\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6zlenmektedir (ki\u015filer hetero olabilir). Hormonal dengesizliklerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda genetik fakt\u00f6rler de cinsel davran\u0131\u015f ve y\u00f6nelimleri etkilemektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin maternal fertil kad\u0131n hipotezine g\u00f6re homoseks\u00fcel erkeklerin maternal aile a\u011fac\u0131nda, hetero erkeklere g\u00f6re daha fazla say\u0131da homoseks\u00fcel bulunmaktad\u0131r. Son olarak imm\u00fcnolojik fakt\u00f6rlerle ili\u015fkilendirilen maternal do\u011fum s\u0131ras\u0131 etkisi de homoseks\u00fcelli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klamada en kabul g\u00f6ren hipotezlerden biridir. Bu etkiye g\u00f6re anne her yeni do\u011fan erkek \u00e7ocu\u011funa, \u00f6nceki erkek \u00e7ocuk hamileli\u011fi esnas\u0131nda eril \u00f6zelliklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretti\u011fi antikorlar\u0131 ge\u00e7irir ve bu durum erkek fet\u00fcs\u00fcn beyin farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda ve cinsel oryantasyonunda de\u011fi\u015fimlere sebep olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10704\" width=\"477\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/4.jpg 320w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/4-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/4-250x250.jpg 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/4-125x125.jpg 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/4-110x110.jpg 110w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 477px) 100vw, 477px\" \/><figcaption>konjenital adrenal hiperpilezisi tedavi edilmemi\u015f kad\u0131n hasta<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/23387737_Untreated_congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia_due_to_21-hydroxylase_deficiency\/figures?lo=1\">kaynak<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak cinsiyet kimli\u011fi ve biyolojik\/ atanm\u0131\u015f cinsiyet birbiriyle uyumlu olmak zorunda de\u011fildir ve toplumsal cinsiyet kimli\u011fi ve cinsel y\u00f6nelimler do\u011fum \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde belirlendi\u011finden sonradan \u2018\u2018hayat tarz\u0131\u2019\u2019 veya \u2018\u2018\u00f6zenti\u2019\u2019 gibi tercihlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Bu sebeple hekimler olarak yapmam\u0131z gereken cinsel y\u00f6nelim ve cinsiyet kimli\u011fiyle ilgili kendi bireysel duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131p \u00e7evremizdeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k, fobi ve \u015fiddete kar\u015f\u0131 durmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Roselli, C. E. (2018). Neurobiology of gender identity and sexual orientation. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 30(7), e12562. DOI: 10.1111\/jne.12562<\/li><li>Fisher, A. D., Ristori, J., Morelli, G., &amp; Maggi, M. (2018). The molecular mechanisms of sexual orientation and gender identity. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 467, 3\u201313. DOI: 10.1016\/j.mce.2017.08.008<\/li><li>Anne Fausto-Sterling (2019): Gender\/Sex, Sexual Orientation, and Identity Are<\/li><li>in the Body: How Did They Get There?, The Journal of Sex Research. DOI: 10.1080\/00224499.2019.1581883<\/li><li>Wu, M. V., Manoli, D. S., Fraser, E. J., Coats, J. K., Tollkuhn, J., Honda, S.-I., \u2026 Shah, N. M. (2009). Estrogen Masculinizes Neural Pathways and Sex-Specific Behaviors. Cell, 139(1), 61\u201372. DOI: 10.1016\/j.cell.2009.07.036<\/li><li>Rahman, Q., Collins, A., Morrison, M., Orrells, J. C., Cadinouche, K., Greenfield, S., &amp; Begum, S. (2007). Maternal Inheritance and Familial Fecundity Factors in Male Homosexuality. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37(6), 962\u2013969. DOI: 10.1007\/s10508-007-9191-2<\/li><li>Bao, A.-M., &amp; Swaab, D. F. (2011). Sexual differentiation of the human brain: Relation to gender identity, sexual orientation and neuropsychiatric disorders. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 32(2), 214\u2013226. DOI:10.1016\/j.yfrne.2011.02.007<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>kaynak Intrauterin d\u00f6nemde beynin cinsiyeti, gonadal seks ve cinsel y\u00f6nelimler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde belirlenmektedir (do\u011fum sonras\u0131 \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerin cinsiyet belirlenme s\u00fcrecine<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":393,"featured_media":10701,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[2124,1544,2122],"acf":[],"views":1377,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10699"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/393"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10699"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10709,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10699\/revisions\/10709"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}