Ba\u011f\u0131rsaklardaki enterik sinir sistemi (ESS) yani \u201cikinci beyin\u201d merkezi sinir sisteminden (MSS) ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan merak konusu olmu\u015ftur. Bununla birlikte bu konuyu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken bir\u00e7ok alt ba\u015fl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lk olarak gastrointestinal kanal, enterik sinir sistemini olu\u015fturan karma\u015f\u0131k ve dinamik mikroorganizma topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ve sindirim, emilim, salg\u0131lama gibi olaylar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca insan\u0131n fizyolojik ortam\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 mikroorganizma topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k bir ekosistemi temsil etmesiyle mikrobiyota olu\u015furken ba\u011f\u0131rsaktaki mikrobiyota da bir\u00e7ok \u015feyi belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Enterik sinir sisteminin merkezi sinir sisteminden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finmi\u015ftik. Enterik sinir sisteminin bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6revi olmas\u0131 bu sistemin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da merak konusu haline getiriyor. Bu sistem yer alan n\u00f6ronlar ve glia a\u011f\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. N\u00f6ronlar sinir sisteminin temel birimi olup ba\u015fl\u0131ca i\u015flevi bilgi transferi olan h\u00fccrelerdir. Enterik sinir sisteminde yer alan glia h\u00fccrelerinin ise homeostasi ile kaslara ba\u011fl\u0131 sindirimde rol oyna\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Hatta Michigan State \u00dcniversitesi Fizyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc profes\u00f6rlerinden olan Brian Gulbransen \u201cE\u011fer ikinci beyni bir bilgisayar gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek glialar bilgisayar \u00e7evresinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7iplerdir.\u201d der ve \u201cGlialar sinyal a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6ronlara benzemeyen sinyali mod\u00fcle eden ve de\u011fi\u015ftiren aktif bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d diye devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u015fka bir merak konusu: Enterik sinir sistemi merkezi sinir sisteminden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zsa o zaman ikinci beynimizle birinci beynimiz nas\u0131l ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7iyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Beyin ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim; MSS, ESS, otonom sinir sistemi, hipotalamik-hipofiz-adrenal aks\u0131, n\u00f6ral, endokrin ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemlerini i\u00e7eren karma\u015f\u0131k bir a\u011f arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131r. Beyin ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak aras\u0131nda n\u00f6ral ba\u011flant\u0131lar ve hormonlar sayesinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir ileti\u015fim vard\u0131r. Bu akstaki herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik, bu iki-etkile\u015fimli sistemde fonksiyonel bozukluklara yol a\u00e7abilir. Ayr\u0131ca diyet ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak-beyin aks\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, n\u00f6rolojik bozukluklar\u0131n tedavisi i\u00e7in ve terap\u00f6tik stratejiler geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Flinders \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p ve Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fak\u00fcltesi profes\u00f6r\u00fc Nick Spencer bunu \u201cBeyin-ba\u011f\u0131rsak aks\u0131, beynin bili\u015fsel ve duygusal merkezini periferik ba\u011f\u0131rsak i\u015flevleriyle ba\u011flayan \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir akst\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klar ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak mikrobiyotas\u0131n\u0131n da burada \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Profes\u00f6r Spencer; ba\u011f\u0131rsak duvar\u0131nda, yemek yerken al\u0131nan belirli uyaranlara yan\u0131t olarak hormonlar ve n\u00f6rotransmiterler \u00fcreten ve salg\u0131layan enterokromaffin (EC) h\u00fccreleri ad\u0131 verilen \u00f6zel h\u00fccreler bulundu\u011fundan s\u00f6z ediyor. Bu EC h\u00fccreleri, serotoninin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu v\u00fccuda sal\u0131yor. Bu nedenle bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma; yenen yeme\u011fin, daha sonra beyinle ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in sinirlere etki eden serotonin sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l uyard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Yani v\u00fccuttaki serotonin salg\u0131lanmas\u0131 diyetten etkilenmekte ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak hareketi, ruh hali, i\u015ftah, uyku ve bili\u015fsel i\u015flevleri d\u00fczenlemektedir. Son olarak ba\u011f\u0131rsak mikrobiyotas\u0131n\u0131n etkisine de\u011finece\u011fiz. Mikrobiyota taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen hormonlar; t\u00fcm fonksiyonel s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 kapsar ve konak\u00e7\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, metabolizma ve i\u015ftah, b\u00fcy\u00fcme, \u00fcreme ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00fczerinde geni\u015f etkiler g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yazar: Senanur G\u00fclce<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Edit\u00f6rler: \u00a0\u0130dil Alt\u0131nta\u015f, Hilal T\u00fcrkan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak\u00e7a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Revealing the logic of the body\u2019s \u2018second brain\u2019, Michigan State University<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2021\/10\/211001130230.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n How the gut communicates with the brain, Flinders University<\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/03\/220323130316.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gut Microbiota-brain Axis<\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/medcentral.net\/doi\/full\/10.4103\/0366-6999.190667<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130kinci Beyin: Ba\u011f\u0131rsak (O\u011fuzcan KOCA , Nurcan D\u00d6NMEZ):<\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/en\/download\/article-file\/1000878<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\u011f\u0131rsak-Beyin Aks\u0131, The Gut-Brain Axis:<\/p>\n\n\n\n