{"id":11805,"date":"2022-07-08T12:28:18","date_gmt":"2022-07-08T09:28:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=11805"},"modified":"2022-09-13T22:24:52","modified_gmt":"2022-09-13T19:24:52","slug":"charles-darwin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/charles-darwin\/","title":{"rendered":"Charles Darwin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Charles Darwin (1809 \u2013 1882) evrim \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bu konu hakk\u0131nda bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015fturmu\u015f bir bilim insan\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130nsan\u0131n alt t\u00fcrlerden nas\u0131l evrimle\u015fti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir \u0130ngiliz do\u011fabilimcisiydi. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve yay\u0131nlar\u0131 kendi d\u00f6neminde \u015fiddetli tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7sa da zaman i\u00e7erisinde evrim ve do\u011fal seleksiyon \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charles Darwin, 12 \u015eubat 1809’da Shrewsbury, Shropshire\u2019da zengin ve n\u00fcfuzlu bir ailede do\u011fdu. B\u00fcy\u00fckbabalar\u0131ndan biri \u00c7inli \u00fcretici Josiah Wedgwood ve bir di\u011feri de 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130ngiltere’sinin \u00f6nde gelen entelekt\u00fcellerinden Erasmus Darwin\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Darwin her ne kadar Edinburgh \u00dcniversitesi’nde t\u0131p okumay\u0131 planlad\u0131ysa da babas\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fvikiyle Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki Christ’s College’da \u0130lahiyat okumaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Darwin \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan bir \u00f6\u011frenci de\u011fildi, a\u00e7\u0131k hava etkinlikleriyle vakit ge\u00e7irmeyi tercih ediyordu. Do\u011fa bilimlerine ve b\u00f6cek toplama i\u015fine \u00e7ok zaman ay\u0131rd\u0131. Do\u011fa bilimlerine olan tutkusu giderek artan Darwin\u2019e G\u00fcney Amerika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yolculukta do\u011fa bilimcisi olarak hareket etmesi i\u00e7in HMS Beagle’da bir yer teklif edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dinin toplumda \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011fu zamanlard\u0131, insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130ncil\u2019i Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n yan\u0131lmaz, ger\u00e7ek s\u00f6z\u00fc olarak kabul ederdi. Bu, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yedi g\u00fcnde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sadece birka\u00e7 bin ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu ancak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda Darwin d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00e7ok daha eski oldu\u011funa dair pek \u00e7ok kan\u0131t g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Lyell’in “Principles of Geology\u201d eseri fosillerin y\u00fcz binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fayan hayvanlar\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Yolculuklar\u0131nda buldu\u011fu \u00f6rnekler hakk\u0131nda bol bol notlar alan Darwin \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcney Amerika’n\u0131n 500 mil bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Galapagos Adalar\u0131\u2019nda Finch\u2019in (ku\u015f) her bir adada nas\u0131l farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funa \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Darwin, Finch’in bir \u015fekilde adan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nlerine uyum sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonraki 20 y\u0131l boyunca Darwin, t\u00fcrlerin nas\u0131l evrimle\u015fti\u011fi ve nas\u0131l farkl\u0131 adalarda olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 hale gelebildi\u011fi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Thomas Malthus’un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan etkilenen Darwin, do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim ve zaman i\u00e7inde kademeli evrim teorisi geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darwin teorisini geli\u015ftirmeye devam etti ve teorileri \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde bitki yeti\u015ftirdi. Ancak fikirlerinin ne kadar tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 oldu\u011funu fark eden Darwin, bunlar\u0131 yay\u0131nlamay\u0131 erteledi. Ba\u015fka bir do\u011fa bilimci olan Alfred Russel Wallace’\u0131n benzer fikirler geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenene kadar Darwin kendi kitab\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlamaya ba\u015flamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

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1859’da \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an \u201cT\u00fcrlerin K\u00f6keni\u201d yay\u0131nland\u0131. Hemen geni\u015f bir ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve insan\u0131n dolayl\u0131 olarak maymun gibi hayvanlardan t\u00fcredi\u011fi iddias\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yo\u011fun tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, 19 Nisan 1882’de \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, fikirleri bilimsel ve dini olmayan toplum taraf\u0131ndan giderek daha fazla kabul g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ad\u0131na Westminster Abbey’de bir devlet cenazesi verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Kaynak\u00e7adan \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.biographyonline.net\/scientists\/charles-darwin.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Charles Darwin (1809 \u2013 1882) evrim \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bu konu hakk\u0131nda bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015fturmu\u015f bir bilim insan\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130nsan\u0131n alt t\u00fcrlerden<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1165,"featured_media":11815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"views":327,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11805"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1165"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11805"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12768,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11805\/revisions\/12768"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}