\u00d6tanazi, Eski Yunancadaki hay\u0131rl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm anlam\u0131na gelen \u2018\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u2019 kelimesinden k\u00f6ken alan ve temel olarak bir canl\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n dayan\u0131lmayacak durumda olmas\u0131 sebebiyle bilin\u00e7li olarak sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na verilen isimdir. \u00d6tanazi kendi i\u00e7erisinde birka\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131labilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalardan en temeli pasif \u00f6tanazi ve aktif \u00f6tanazidir. Pasif \u00f6tanazide hastan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131, hasta ventilat\u00f6r gibi yapay ya\u015fam desteklerinden mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131larak sonland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Aktif \u00f6tanazideyse genelde hastaya \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl d\u00fczeydeki ila\u00e7lar verilerek hastan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131z veya en az ac\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6tanazi uygulamas\u0131 tarihin ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olagelmi\u015ftir. Hipokrat yemininde de kendine yer bulan \u00f6tanazi uygulamas\u0131 genelde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tabu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu pasif \u00f6tanaziyi kabul etme e\u011filimdeyken aktif \u00f6tanazi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda yasakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye’de aktif \u00f6tanazi uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 yapan hekimler TCK’n\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 kanuna g\u00f6re kasten adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7uyla m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131yla yarg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar yasaklar \u00e7o\u011funlukta da olsa ba\u015fta Avrupa \u00fclkeleri olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke aktif \u00f6tanaziyi tan\u0131maya ba\u015flama e\u011filimindedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Bel\u00e7ika(2002), Hollanda(2002), L\u00fcksemburg(2009), Kanada(2016), \u0130spanya(2021) aktif \u00f6tanaziyi yasalla\u015ft\u0131ran baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130steyen hi\u00e7 kimseye \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir eczay\u0131 ne verece\u011fim ne de bunu tavsiye edece\u011fim; benzer \u015fekilde, bir gebe kad\u0131na \u00e7ocuk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in ila\u00e7 vermeyece\u011fim.<\/p>Hipokrat Yemini<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Son zamanlarda \u00f6tanazinin merkezde oldu\u011fu t\u00fcm bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda \u00f6tanazinin \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in uygulanmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6tanazi uygulamas\u0131 d\u00fcnyada \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca Hollanda ve Bel\u00e7ika’da yasald\u0131r. Hollanda’da 12 ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 varken Bel\u00e7ika’da herhangi bir ya\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Her iki \u00fclkede de \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 anlamas\u0131; \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n tedavisi olmayan, dayan\u0131lmaz ac\u0131lara sebep olan ve semptomlar\u0131n hafifletilemedi\u011fi hastal\u0131klara sahip olmas\u0131; \u00e7ocuk ve aileden onam al\u0131nmas\u0131 (Hollanda’da 16-18 ya\u015f aras\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in aile onam\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fil) \u015fart ko\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6tanazinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi s\u00fcrecinde doktorlar aktif rol oynamakta, aileler zorunlu psikiyatrik destek almaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte Bel\u00e7ika’da \u015fu ana kadar \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fa aktif \u00f6tanazinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. \u00c7o\u011fu etik konuda oldu\u011fu gibi bu konuda da farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ve tart\u0131\u015fma konular\u0131 mevcuttur ve bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \u00c7ocuklar kendileri hakk\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr \u00f6nemli kararlar\u0131 verebilecek kapasitede de\u011filler. \u00c7ocuklar sigara, alkol gibi maddeleri bilin\u00e7li t\u00fcketebilecek kapasitede dahi g\u00f6r\u00fclmezken bu kadar \u00f6nemli bir karar\u0131 verebilecek zihinsel geli\u015fmi\u015flikte olduklar\u0131 nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir?<\/li>
- \u00c7ocuklar duygusal anlamda ebeveynlerine yeti\u015fkinlerden daha ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar. Bu duygusall\u0131k durumu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 kendilerinden \u00e7ok ebeveynlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye y\u00f6neltebilir. Normalde \u00f6tanazi istemeyecek bir \u00e7ocuk ailesinin ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in bu se\u00e7ene\u011fe y\u00f6nelebilir.<\/li>
- \u00d6tanazinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 palyatif bak\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6nemsizle\u015fmesine, bu alanda yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n azalmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Bunun bir sonucu olarak da \u00f6tanazi istemeyen insanlar \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 olu\u015fabilir. Dayan\u0131lmaz a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n giderilmesinde \u00f6tanazi tek se\u00e7enek de\u011fildir, palyatif sedasyon se\u00e7ene\u011fi de a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n giderilmesinde etkili olabilir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/medicine.missouri.edu\/centers-institutes-labs\/health-ethics\/faq\/euthanasia#:~:text=Passive%20euthanasia%3A%20intentionally%20letting%20a,but%20then%20removed%20from%20it).
https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hipokrat_Yemini
https:\/\/www5.tbmm.gov.tr\/kanunlar\/k5237.html
https:\/\/tr.euronews.com\/2021\/10\/25\/aktif-pasif-otanazi-ve-yard-ml-intihar-nedir-hangi-avrupa-ulkelerinde-hangi-uygulamalar-va
https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euthanasia_in_Canada
https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/otanazi-insanlarin-yasam-ve-olum-konularinda-karar-verme-hakki-olmali-mi\/
https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Child_euthanasia#:~:text=Child%20euthanasia%20is%20a%20form,hopeless%20prognosis%20and%20intractable%20pain.
https:\/\/tr.euronews.com\/2018\/08\/07\/belcika-da-son-dort-yilda-uc-cocuga-otanazi-uygulandi-
http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/medethics-2014-102329
https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/141\/2\/e20171343\/38009\/Should-Pediatric-Euthanasia-be-Legalized?autologincheck=redirected
https:\/\/www.senate.be\/www\/?MIval=\/publications\/viewPubDoc&TID=83897196&LANG=nl<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00d6tanazi, Eski Yunancadaki hay\u0131rl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm anlam\u0131na gelen \u2018\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u2019 kelimesinden k\u00f6ken alan ve temel olarak bir canl\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n dayan\u0131lmayacak durumda olmas\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1143,"featured_media":11892,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,2171],"tags":[285,255,2135,2233,2235,2234],"acf":[],"views":284,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11862"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1143"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11862"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11979,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11862\/revisions\/11979"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}