{"id":1216,"date":"2019-04-08T00:52:48","date_gmt":"2019-04-07T21:52:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=1216"},"modified":"2019-04-08T00:52:49","modified_gmt":"2019-04-07T21:52:49","slug":"karanliktan-neden-korkariz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/karanliktan-neden-korkariz\/","title":{"rendered":"Karanl\u0131ktan Neden Korkar\u0131z?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Karanl\u0131ktan korkar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? G\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda duydu\u011funuz\nt\u0131k\u0131rt\u0131lar sizi pek rahats\u0131z etmezken gece kabusa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir.  Peki neden b\u00f6yle olur? Korktu\u011fumuz \u015feyler\n\u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f olabilir mi? Korkular\u0131m\u0131z hangi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak\ngeli\u015fir? \u201cKorku\u201d geli\u015firken nas\u0131l bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 izler?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bilinen mekanizmalardan bir tanesi \u201c\u015fartland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullanma<\/strong><\/em>\u201dd\u0131r. Size \u00f6zel bir \u015fey hissettirmeyen uyaranla buna kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011finiz bilin\u00e7li olmayan tepkinizin birbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olma durumu. Normalde size zarar vermeyen k\u00f6pek bir g\u00fcn size sald\u0131r\u0131rsa ve bunun sonucunda ac\u0131 \u00e7ekip hastaneye gitmeniz gerekti\u011finde di\u011fer k\u00f6peklere daha temkinli yakla\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla n\u00f6tr uyaran, \u015fartland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir uyarana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olur ve siz de bilin\u00e7li olmadan tepki g\u00f6sterirsiniz. Bunun gibi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve \u201cki\u015fiye \u00f6zel\u201d korkular(karanl\u0131k da buna dahil) \u015fartland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullanma sonucu olu\u015fmu\u015f olabilir. Deneyim sonucu geli\u015fen korku..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130nsanlarda ve hayvanlarda yap\u0131lan bir deney \u015fartland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tepkilerin <\/em>amigdala <\/strong>ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Amigdala, ki\u015fi korktu\u011funda ya da \u00f6fke, heyecan gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc duygular hissetti\u011finde beynin uyar\u0131lan bir b\u00f6lgesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7ocuklara yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 anketler de karanl\u0131k ya da \u00f6r\u00fcmcek gibi korkular\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki k\u00f6t\u00fc deneyimleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Ama yine de baz\u0131 insanlarda fobiler sadece deneyimle geli\u015fmeyebiliyor. Arachnophobia (\u00f6r\u00fcmcek fobisi) d\u00fcnyada \u00e7ok s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir fobi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen fobisi olan herkes bir \u00f6r\u00fcmcek sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011framam\u0131\u015f. 1000\u2019den fazla \u00e7ocuk ve genci kapsayan bir anket sonucunda bu tarz korkular\u0131 \u201cmodelleme<\/em><\/strong>\u201d ile de korkular\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenebilece\u011fimiz sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu aile bireylerinden birinin ba\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015f bir olay olmakla birlikte televizyonda izlenen k\u00f6pek bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ya da korku filmlerinde karanl\u0131kta saklanan k\u00f6t\u00fc adamlar da geli\u015ftirilen korku kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ankette daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen sebep ise \u201c\u00f6\u011fretilebilen korku<\/em><\/strong>\u201d. Bu da birinin size o \u015feyden korkman\u0131z gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesidir. Bu bir annenin \u201cYabanc\u0131lar \u00e7ikolata verirse sak\u0131n alma!\u201d demesiyle olabilece\u011fi gibi, televizyonda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla da \u00f6\u011frenilebilir. Bu insanlar\u0131n zihinlerinde haz\u0131r bulunan bilgileri kullanma yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ki\u015fileri n\u00f6tr olduklar\u0131 bir olgudan korkmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ko\u015fulland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda, direkt s\u00f6ylediklerinde daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdiler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bahsedilen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar incelendi\u011finde psikologlar baz\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin belirli tipte korkular geli\u015ftirmeye daha yatk\u0131n olduklar\u0131n\u0131 fark ettiler. Primatlar y\u0131lan ya da \u00f6r\u00fcmce\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 korku geli\u015ftirmeye daha rahat ko\u015fulland\u0131r\u0131labilirken bir ceylana ya da tav\u015fana kar\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fulland\u0131r\u0131lam\u0131yor. Buna \u201cbiyolojik olarak haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olma<\/em><\/strong>\u201d fenomeni diyorlar. Bunun neden oldu\u011funu tam olarak s\u00f6yleyemesek de baz\u0131lar\u0131 atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kle\u015fti\u011fini ve bunun bizim neslimize kadar aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Memelilerin s\u00fcr\u00fcngenlere daha rahat korku geli\u015ftirmesi de bu sebebe ba\u011flanabilir, ne de olsa ilk memeliler eski s\u00fcr\u00fcngenler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclebilirdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Karanl\u0131k\nfobisi evrimsel olarak da gece y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 hayvan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tetikte\nolmakla a\u00e7\u0131klanabiliyor. Bunun i\u00e7in Tanzanya\u2019n\u0131n aslan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 riski olan baz\u0131\nb\u00f6lgelerinde bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. 20 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n binden fazla aslan sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131\nverileri incelendi\u011finde bunun en fazla g\u00fcnbat\u0131m\u0131ndan hemen sonra insanlar\u0131n\nd\u0131\u015far\u0131da oldu\u011fu zamanda ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\ndolunaydan 10 g\u00fcn sonra g\u00fcnbat\u0131m\u0131ndan hemen sonra olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen gecenin en\nkaranl\u0131k zaman\u0131nda 4 kata kadar daha fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tespit edilmi\u015f. Bu da\natalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dolunay ya da karanl\u0131k korkusunun ko\u015fullan\u0131p bize aktar\u0131lmas\u0131\nfikrini g\u00fcndeme getiriyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 hayvan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131\ntetikte olma i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fcyle karanl\u0131ktan korkmaya daha yatk\u0131n olabiliriz. Bu\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in\n\u00f6nemlidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Korkular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n neden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131yla alakal\u0131 birka\u00e7 fikrimiz oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re bunlarla nas\u0131l ba\u015f edebilece\u011fimizden konu\u015fabiliriz. En etkili tedavilerden birisi \u201cmaruziyet terapisi<\/em><\/strong>\u201d. Bu y\u00f6ntem ko\u015fullanman\u0131z\u0131 tam tersi y\u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7evirmenizi sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Korkunuza ufak dozlardan ba\u015flayarak maruz b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yorsunuz. Bu, \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 tamamen 5 saniye boyunca kapatmak, \u00f6r\u00fcmcekle ayn\u0131 odada bulunmak, yabanc\u0131 insanlarla konu\u015fmak \u015feklinde olabilir, ta ki duruma al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnene kadar. Sonras\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha uzun s\u00fcre kapal\u0131 tutabilir, \u00f6r\u00fcmce\u011fe dokunabilir, daha fazla yabanc\u0131 insanla konu\u015fabilirsiniz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Korkunuzu kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131p onun sizi y\u00f6nlendirmesine izin vermeyene kadar bunu a\u015famal\u0131 olarak devam ettirebilirsiniz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00375.x<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0005796799001552<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00375.x<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0896627305008238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/psych.nyu.edu\/phelpslab\/papers\/07_NN_V10No9.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/intl\/articles\/200801\/10-ways-we-get-the-odds-wrong<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/0010028573900339<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/08917779208248798<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0005796797000508<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/people.whitman.edu\/~herbrawt\/classes\/390\/Ohman.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0022285<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0272735806001164<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Karanl\u0131ktan korkar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? G\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda duydu\u011funuz t\u0131k\u0131rt\u0131lar sizi pek rahats\u0131z etmezken gece kabusa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir.  Peki neden b\u00f6yle olur? Korktu\u011fumuz \u015feyler<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":1226,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26,1,7],"tags":[128,132,127,130,131,129],"acf":[],"views":1470,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1216"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/55"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1216"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1227,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1216\/revisions\/1227"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}