{"id":12306,"date":"2022-08-02T23:46:31","date_gmt":"2022-08-02T20:46:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=12306"},"modified":"2022-08-03T14:22:35","modified_gmt":"2022-08-03T11:22:35","slug":"12306","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/12306\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcllerinin Yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131: Alfred Nobel\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcllerini daha \u00f6nce aran\u0131zda duyan oldu mu hi\u00e7? San\u0131r\u0131m bu soruyu daha farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sormal\u0131y\u0131m: Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcllerini hi\u00e7 duymayan birisi var m\u0131 aram\u0131zda? Ben \u00e7o\u011fumuzun duydu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum. Fakat bu \u00f6d\u00fcllerin ne zaman verilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kimin sponsorluk etti\u011fi gibi detaylar\u0131n \u00e7ok bilinmedi\u011fini farz ediyor, bu y\u00fczden de size Nobel \u00d6d\u00fclleri\u2019ni ve yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Alfred Nobel\u2019i tan\u0131tmak istiyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Alfred Nobel 1833\u2019de Stockholm\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f, hayat\u0131n\u0131 ise farkl\u0131 \u00fclkeleri gezerek ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 5 dil (\u0130sve\u00e7\u00e7e, Frans\u0131zca, \u0130ngilizce, Rus\u00e7a ve Almanca) \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve edebiyata olan ilgisini \u015fiir, drama gibi yaz\u0131larla geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bir at\u00f6lye i\u015fleten babas\u0131, o\u011flunun da kendisi gibi daha mekaniksel alanlarda ilerlemesini istemi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden de o\u011flunu yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na kimya m\u00fchendisli\u011fi okumaya g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Paris\u2019teki e\u011fitimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ascanio Sobrero ad\u0131ndaki \u0130talyan kimyager ile tan\u0131\u015fan Alfred\u2019in hayat\u0131 o anda \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ascanio Sobrero, Alfred ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce nitrogliserin ad\u0131 verilen patlay\u0131c\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 bir madde bulmu\u015ftur. Ancak patlay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenli halde kullanabilecek bir form bulamam\u0131\u015f, bu dengesizli\u011fi nedeniyle de nitrogliserin g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n i\u00e7inde kendisine bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 edinememi\u015ftir. Alfred da tam bu noktada devreye girmi\u015ftir. Bu maddenin nas\u0131l daha g\u00fcvenli \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan birinde i\u015fler k\u00f6t\u00fc gitmi\u015f ve Alfred\u2019in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck karde\u015fi dahil birka\u00e7 ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmu\u015ftur. Bu kazadan sonra devlet Stockholm merkezinde bu i\u015flerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemi\u015ftir. Ya\u015fananlara ra\u011fmen ba\u015fka bir yerde (Barge on Lake M\u00e4laren) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etmi\u015f, sonucunda da 1866\u2019da dinamiti icat etmi\u015ftir. Bu icat madenlerde, t\u00fcnel yap\u0131mlar\u0131nda vb. topluma faydal\u0131 i\u015flerde kullan\u0131l\u0131rken bir yandan da silah end\u00fcstrisinde geli\u015fime yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baruttan sonra bu alandaki en \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flardan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcllerinin Bilinmeyen Detaylar\u0131<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Hadi biraz da \u00f6d\u00fcllerden bahsedelim. Nobel hayat\u0131 boyunca hi\u00e7 evlenmemi\u015f ve \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmam\u0131\u015f birisidir. 1896\u2019da vefat etti\u011finde de b\u00fct\u00fcn miras\u0131n\u0131, kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi 5 \u00f6d\u00fcl i\u00e7in ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Peki bunu sizce neden yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Bu konuda bir\u00e7ok teori var ancak benim en \u00e7ok ho\u015fuma ve ilgin\u00e7 geleni sizlerle payla\u015fmak istedim. Bir g\u00fcn eline ge\u00e7en bir Frans\u0131z gazetesinde Nobel\u2019in dikkatini \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm taciri Alfred Nobel \u00f6ld\u00fc!\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eker. Asl\u0131nda gazete o s\u0131ralarda vefat eden, Alfred\u2019in karde\u015flerinden birinin \u00f6l\u00fcm haberini duymu\u015f ve \u00f6lenin Alfred oldu\u011funu sanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haber ne kadar yanl\u0131\u015f olursa olsun, bir g\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcrse \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm taciri\u201d olarak an\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark eden Nobel; \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra daha g\u00fczel an\u0131lmak i\u00e7in bilimi, edebiyat\u0131 ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 destekleyen Nobel \u00d6d\u00fclleri\u2019ni yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tabii ki bir teori. Ne yaz\u0131k ki bu hik\u00e2yenin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini kan\u0131tlayabilecek olan gazetenin hi\u00e7bir kopyas\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Nobel\u2019in ger\u00e7ek niyeti farkl\u0131 an\u0131lmak ise ger\u00e7ekten de bunu ba\u015fard\u0131. \u015eu an \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi onun ad\u0131n\u0131 sadece \u00f6d\u00fcller \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde biliyor ve dinamitle ili\u015fkisini, sava\u015flara olan herhangi bir katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da Nobel\u2019in, miras\u0131nda be\u015f \u00f6d\u00fclden bahsetti\u011fini s\u00f6yledim sizlere: Bunlar fizik, kimya, fizyoloji veya t\u0131p, edebiyat ve bar\u0131\u015f \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc. Genelde kendi ilgi alanlar\u0131 nedeniyle bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri se\u00e7ti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Nobel\u2019in; bar\u0131\u015f \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l etkinliklerde aktif rol alan Bertha fon Suttner ile arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu bar\u0131\u015f \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn bir di\u011fer farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi de di\u011fer \u00f6d\u00fcllerin kazananlar\u0131 Stockholm\u2019da se\u00e7ilirken, bar\u0131\u015f \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn sahibi ise Norve\u00e7\u2019te belirlenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nobel \u00d6d\u00fclleri hakk\u0131nda bilinmeyen bir ba\u015fka \u00f6zellikse \u015fudur: Nobel\u2019in miras\u0131nda belirtti\u011finin aksine \u015fu an g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden alt\u0131 farkl\u0131 Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc verilmektedir. \u015eayet Ekonomi Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, 1968\u2019den itibaren Nobel \u00d6d\u00fclleri\u2019nden biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bazen Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcllerinin onu hakkeden ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan kazan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki \u00f6rne\u011finden biri, Gandhi\u2019nin be\u015f kere bar\u0131\u015f \u00f6d\u00fcllerinde aday olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen kazanamamas\u0131d\u0131r. 2006\u2019da Nobel Kurulu \u00f6z\u00fcr dileyerek Gandhi\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden 58 sene sonra ona bu \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc vermi\u015flerdir. Bir di\u011fer \u00f6rne\u011fi ise Tolstoy\u2019un aday olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen siyasete, dine farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn ona verilmemesidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kadar Nobel \u00d6d\u00fclleri hakk\u0131nda konu\u015ftuktan sonra ad\u0131n\u0131 anmadan ge\u00e7mek istemedi\u011fim birisi var: Aziz Sancar. Kendisi n\u00fckleotid kesim onar\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 sayesinde 2015\u2019te Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazanan ki\u015filerden biri olmu\u015ftur. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kanser hakk\u0131ndaki bilgi da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda istikrarl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n nas\u0131l sonu\u00e7lar verebilece\u011finin de en g\u00fczel \u00f6rneklerinden biridir kendisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fer daha incelemek isterseniz Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcllerinin \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik kurallar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu, bazen de kazanan ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn kabul edilmedi\u011fi gibi bilgileri de bulabilirsiniz. Ancak bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck detaylar\u0131 merakl\u0131 okurlara okumalar\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u0131rak\u0131yor, yaz\u0131mdan da b\u00fct\u00fcn okuyucular\u0131m\u0131n keyif ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/alfred-nobel\/alfred-nobels-life-and-work\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcllerini daha \u00f6nce aran\u0131zda duyan oldu mu hi\u00e7? San\u0131r\u0131m bu soruyu daha farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sormal\u0131y\u0131m: Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcllerini hi\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1172,"featured_media":12317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2174,1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"views":333,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12306"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1172"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12306"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12318,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12306\/revisions\/12318"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}