\u0130lkeci etik yakla\u015f\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz t\u0131bb\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan etik yakla\u015f\u0131m unvan\u0131na sahiptir. \u0130lkeci etik yakla\u015f\u0131m, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki durumu d\u00f6rt ilke ile ili\u015fkilendirerek olay\u0131n etik ya da immoral oldu\u011funa karar verir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn temel t\u0131p eti\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda d\u00f6rt temel ilke \u015funlard\u0131r: \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sayg\u0131, yarar sa\u011flama, zarar vermeme, adalet. \u0130lkeci etik yakla\u015f\u0131m d\u00f6nemimizde temel yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir. T\u0131p uygulamalar\u0131 anl\u0131k, acil ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak karar vermeyi gerekli k\u0131lar. Zaman bask\u0131s\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n boyutu en \u00f6nemli unsurlard\u0131r bundan dolay\u0131 bu yakla\u015f\u0131m k\u0131sa, \u00f6z, genelle\u015ftirilebilir ilkeler oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yol g\u00f6sterici olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6zerklik ki\u015finin eylemlerine kendisinin karar vermesidir. Ki\u015fi karar verme yetisine sahiptir, herhangi bir deste\u011fe ihtiyac\u0131 yoktur ve verece\u011fi karar\u0131n\u0131n kendisine getirebilecek pozitif ve negatif etkilerden haberdard\u0131r. Nuremberg kodlar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 ile beraber ki\u015filerin \u00f6zerkli\u011fine sayg\u0131 hem t\u0131p prati\u011finde hem de ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir hekimin ya da ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015finin \u00f6zerkli\u011fine sayg\u0131 ilkesinin \u00e7i\u011fnememesi i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onamd\u0131r. Herhangi bir uygulamadan \u00f6nce hastaya bilgi tarafs\u0131z olarak aktar\u0131lmal\u0131 ve de bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te t\u00fcm se\u00e7enekler ve olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar a\u00e7\u0131klanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu etik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bir di\u011fer etik ilkesi ise zarar vermemektir. Tababetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131ndan beri dile gelen \u201cPrimum non nocere.\u201d deyimi yani \u201c\u00d6ncelikle zarar verme.\u201d hekimin bu konu hakk\u0131nda sunmas\u0131 gerek dikkati \u00e7ok iyi \u015fekilde ifade etmektedir. Hekimin ilk gayesi hastas\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmektir ve de bu durumun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgularda ise var olan ko\u015fulunu daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmesini engellemektir. Gerek klinik etikte olsun gerekse ara\u015ft\u0131rma eti\u011finde hekimler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu ilkeyi benimsemeli ve de hastaya yarardan \u00e7ok zarar sa\u011flayacak uygulamalardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cNeden ilkeci etik yakla\u015f\u0131m?\u201d sorusu ise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde konu olan bir sorudur. \u0130lkeci etik hekimlere anl\u0131k kolayl\u0131k sunar ve de bir miktar basitle\u015ftirmi\u015f olur. Bir olguyu sadece 4 alan ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kolayl\u0131kt\u0131r fakat etik bu basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f versiyondan daha y\u00fccedir. Hekim her durumu hem t\u0131bbi hem etik hem de hukuksal boyutta d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelidir. \u0130lkeci etik her ne kadar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir d\u00fczen oturtmu\u015f olsa da her zaman dinamik de\u011fildir ve de baz\u0131 sorulara cevap vermemizde yeterli olmayacakt\u0131r. \u0130yi bir hekim hem uygulamay\u0131 hem de etik ve hukuku beraber de\u011ferlendirip en do\u011fru karar\u0131 verendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekmekci PE, Arda B. Interculturalism and Informed Consent: Respecting Cultural Differences without Breaching Human Rights. Cultura (Iasi). 2017;14(2):159-172. PMID: 29645014; PMCID: PMC5890951.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekmek\u00e7i PE, Arda B. TEMEL ET\u0130K KURAMLAR A\u00c7ISINDAN ADALET ve SA\u011eLIK HAKKI KAVRAMLARININ DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RMES\u0130\u00a0[AN EVALUATION OF JUSTICE AND RIGHT TO HEALTH CONCEPTS IN THE PERSPECTIVES OF ETHICAL THEORIES]. Turk Klin Tip Etigi Hukuku Tarihi. 2015;23(1):6-21. Turkish. doi: 10.5336\/mdethic.2014-42622. Epub 2015 Apr 29. PMID: 26677346; PMCID: PMC4677834.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gillon R. Defending the four principles approach as a good basis for good medical practice and therefore for good medical ethics. J Med Ethics. 2015 Jan;41(1):111-6. doi: 10.1136\/medethics-2014-102282. Erratum in: J Med Ethics. 2015 Jun;41(6):446. Erratum in: J Med Ethics. 2015 Oct;41(10):829. PMID: 25516950.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130lkeci etik yakla\u015f\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz t\u0131bb\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan etik yakla\u015f\u0131m unvan\u0131na sahiptir. \u0130lkeci etik yakla\u015f\u0131m, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki durumu d\u00f6rt ilke ile<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1133,"featured_media":12378,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2171],"tags":[255,2302,66,34],"acf":[],"views":424,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12382"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1133"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12382"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12382\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12384,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12382\/revisions\/12384"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}