{"id":12496,"date":"2022-09-05T10:46:42","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T07:46:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=12496"},"modified":"2022-09-05T10:46:46","modified_gmt":"2022-09-05T07:46:46","slug":"cernobil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/cernobil\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ERNOB\u0130L"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

26 Nisan 1986 tarihinde Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’ne ba\u011fl\u0131 Ukrayna’n\u0131n Pripyat \u015fehrindeki \u00c7ernobil N\u00fckleer Santrali’nde bir g\u00fcvenlik testi s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en korkun\u00e7 felaketlerinden biri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fckleer kazas\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7en \u00c7ernobil Facias\u0131, ne yaz\u0131k ki ba\u015fta \u00c7ernobil personeli ve patlama sonucu olu\u015fan yang\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in seferber olan itfaiye g\u00f6revlileri olmak \u00fczere binlerce insan\u0131n yo\u011fun radyasyona maruz kalmas\u0131na neden oldu. (\u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc doz 200 Rem olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen santralde bulunanlar ilk anda 400 Remlik doz ald\u0131lar. Onlardan 31’i \u00f6ld\u00fc. 40 kilometre yar\u0131\u00e7apl\u0131 daire i\u00e7inde bulunanlar ortalama 12.000 milirem doz ald\u0131lar.) Reakt\u00f6rden sal\u0131nan radyoaktivitenin Hiro\u015fima ve Nagazaki\u2019ye at\u0131lan atom bombas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00c7ernobil tahliye edilmeden \u00f6nce 1986 kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 14.000 ki\u015fi ya\u015f\u0131yordu. \u015eehir tahliye edildikten sonra ise neredeyse hi\u00e7 kimse kalmad\u0131. \u00c7ernobil’in etkileri halen devam ediyor ki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile yaln\u0131zca 1000 ki\u015fi ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00c7ernobil N\u00fckleer Santrali’ndeki 4. n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 reakt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kaza Avrupa’n\u0131n 200.000 km2<\/sup>‘lik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kirletti. 7’den 70’e y\u00fcz binlerce insan bu felaketten onlarca y\u0131l etkilendi. Faciay\u0131 takip eden en az 20 y\u0131l boyunca kanser vakalar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlendi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00c7ERNOB\u0130L KAZASININ D\u0130\u011eER \u00dcLKELERE ETK\u0130LER\u0130<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ernobil\u2019den kuzeye do\u011fru esen r\u00fczg\u00e2rlarla radyoaktif bulut 28 Nisan 1986\u2019da \u0130skandinavya\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131. \u0130sve\u00e7li uzmanlarca normalin \u00fczerinde saptanan radyasyon d\u00fczeyleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fckleer kazan\u0131n oldu\u011funu d\u00fcnyaya ilk duyuran haber oldu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla felaketin t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenilmesi kazadan g\u00fcnler sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f ve 30 Nisan 1986\u2019y\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sovyetler Birli\u011fi patlamadan en \u00e7ok etkilenen \u00fclke idi. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda etkilenen di\u011fer \u00fclkeler Polonya, \u0130skandinavya, Avusturya, Kuzey \u0130talya, G\u00fcney Almanya, Romanya, Bulgaristan, Yunanistan ve Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi ile de k\u0131smen T\u00fcrkiye oldu. \u00d6yle ki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re bu felaketten yirmi y\u0131l sonra bile Rize\u2019de \u00c7ernobil\u2019den s\u0131zan sezyum (Cs-137) radyoaktif elementine rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ERNOB\u0130L KAZASININ T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’DEK\u0130 ETK\u0130LER\u0130<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemize 3 May\u0131s 1986 Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc radyoaktif bulut ilk olarak Bulgaristan ve Yunanistan \u00fczerinden Trakya b\u00f6lgesine geldi. Radyoaktif bulutlar 1986 y\u0131l\u0131 7-9 May\u0131s tarihleri aras\u0131nda K\u0131r\u0131m Yar\u0131madas\u0131 \u00fczerinden Karadeniz\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu bulutlar\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131ralarda Trakya ve Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de; \u00f6zellikle f\u0131nd\u0131k, t\u00fct\u00fcn ve \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lan tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 enfeksiyonu art\u0131rd\u0131. Y\u0131llar sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de; T\u00fcrkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu (TAEK) taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi sonucunda T\u00fcrkiye genelinde ortalama olarak al\u0131nan dozun, halk i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flarca \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen doz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dozun al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmekte. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kanser art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile \u00c7ernobil kazas\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilendirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde g\u00f6m\u00fclen \u00e7aylar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kontrols\u00fcz kalan ve i\u00e7 pazara s\u00fcr\u00fclerek, di\u011fer \u00e7aylarla harmanlan\u0131p azar azar t\u00fcketildi\u011fi iddia edilen radyasyonlu \u00e7aylar\u0131n ve ilkokullarda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00f6ylentileri b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n kayg\u0131lar\u0131na zemin oldu. D\u00f6nemin Sanayi Bakan\u0131 Cahit Aral\u2019\u0131n canl\u0131 yay\u0131nda \u00e7ay i\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler ise bu d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan insanlar\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131na kaz\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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M\u0130N\u0130-D\u0130Z\u0130<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chernobyl<\/em>, HBO ile \u0130ngiliz televizyon kanal\u0131 Sky’\u0131n 2019 tarihli ortak yap\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7erik itibariyle \u00c7ernobil Facias\u0131’n\u0131 t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131yla gerilim dolu bir temada ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayan 5 b\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fck mini-dizi Chernobyl<\/em>, anlat\u0131m \u015fekliyle de seyirciyi etkisi alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yor. Tarihsel drama kategorisinde an\u0131lan dizi; politik, psikolojik ve sosyolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00c7ernobil’e yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla ilk s\u0131ralara oturmay\u0131 hak ediyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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SONU\u00c7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ernobil kazas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunda insan hatalar\u0131 ve reakt\u00f6r tasar\u0131m\u0131ndaki olumsuz y\u00f6nler \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynad\u0131. Deney yapmak amac\u0131yla reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn emniyet sistemleri devreden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck kaza sonucunda baz\u0131 dersler de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 ve uygulamaya konuldu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00c7ernobil’de ya\u015fananlar ve \u00c7ernobil felaketinin uzun soluklu etkileri halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 problemi olarak kabul edilmekte. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde n\u00fckleer santrallerin faaliyetlerinin do\u011frulu\u011funa ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve kapat\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131lmamas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik tart\u0131\u015fmalar devam etmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/en\/download\/article-file\/643445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0169534706000292<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0936655511005346<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/0952-4746\/26\/2\/001\/meta<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

26 Nisan 1986 tarihinde Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’ne ba\u011fl\u0131 Ukrayna’n\u0131n Pripyat \u015fehrindeki \u00c7ernobil N\u00fckleer Santrali’nde bir g\u00fcvenlik testi s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en korkun\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1144,"featured_media":12499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,2139],"tags":[2335,2337,2336,66],"acf":[],"views":342,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12496"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1144"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12496"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12621,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12496\/revisions\/12621"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12499"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}