{"id":12515,"date":"2022-08-24T16:17:12","date_gmt":"2022-08-24T13:17:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=12515"},"modified":"2022-08-29T02:06:35","modified_gmt":"2022-08-28T23:06:35","slug":"sarbonun-bacillus-anthracis-tarihi-patojenitesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/sarbonun-bacillus-anthracis-tarihi-patojenitesi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015earbon\u2019un (Bacillus anthracis) Tarihi, Patojenitesi,\u2026."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2><strong>Tarihi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bacillus anthracis mikrobiyoloji uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n uzun zamand\u0131r ilgisini \u00e7eken bir bakteri olmu\u015ftur hatta \u00fcnl\u00fc mikrobiyolog Robert Koch\u2019un postulatlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in kuland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bakteri \u00e7e\u015fididir. Bu bakteri insanlar\u0131 enfekte edebildi\u011fi gibi hayvanlar\u0131 da enfekte eder. Koch, B.anthracis\u2019e sahip hayvandan bu bakterinin izolasyonunun ard\u0131ndan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 hayvana enjeksiyonu sonucu ayn\u0131 bulgulara rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sayede bakteriyel bula\u015fma ve enfeksiyon a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1877\u2019de Dr. Louis Pasteur bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 tekrarlayarak bakteri \u00fcst\u00fcnde a\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu tarihten itibaren B.anthracis bakteriyel patojenite \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00f6n safhalarda rol alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong> \u015earbon<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131lma \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 herhangi bir pandemi durumunda olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir risk arz eder. Hastal\u0131\u011fa sahip hayvanlardan ve kontamine olmu\u015f hayvansal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden insanlara bula\u015fabilir. Bu hayvansal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin t\u00fcketimi sonucu ba\u011f\u0131rsak \u015farbonu, solunumu sonucu akci\u011fer \u015farbonu, temas sonucu ise deri \u015farbonu olu\u015fabilir. Yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiddetli ate\u015f ile deri, ba\u011f\u0131rsak ve akci\u011ferdeki spesifik belirtileri bir hafta i\u00e7inde toplu \u00f6l\u00fcmlere yol a\u00e7abilmektedir. \u015earbondan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131labilir diye incelendi\u011fi zaman \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli kural akla gelmelidir. Hayvanlar mutlaka \u015farbona kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lat\u0131lmal\u0131. \u015e\u00fcpheli hayvan \u00f6l\u00fcmleri yetkililere bildirilmeli. \u015earbonlu hayvanlar asla kesilmemeli ve etleri t\u00fcketilmemeli.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8A2B75E1-FD4E-493F-B179-6905ACC9CBCE-400x400.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12521\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8A2B75E1-FD4E-493F-B179-6905ACC9CBCE-400x400.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8A2B75E1-FD4E-493F-B179-6905ACC9CBCE-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8A2B75E1-FD4E-493F-B179-6905ACC9CBCE-1536x1536.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8A2B75E1-FD4E-493F-B179-6905ACC9CBCE-2048x2048.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8A2B75E1-FD4E-493F-B179-6905ACC9CBCE-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8A2B75E1-FD4E-493F-B179-6905ACC9CBCE-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/genomes\/MICROBES\/anthracis.html<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Virulans<\/strong> <strong>Mekanizmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bakterinin virulans\u0131n\u0131n sebebi iki vir\u00fclans plazmitten kaynaklan\u0131r. Biri pXO\u2019d\u0131r tripartite toxin sentezler ve ikili \u00fcr\u00fcnler olu\u015fturur. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcnler LF\/PA (lethal factor\/protective agent) veya EF\/PA (edema fact\u00f6r\/protective agent. Bu ikili toksinler (LF\/PA ve EF\/PA), \u00e7e\u015fitli konak fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 hedef al\u0131r, bu da ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k tepkilerinin bask\u0131lanmas\u0131na neden olur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucu pXO2 plazmitinde bulunan genler sonucu kaps\u00fcler polisakkarit(CPS) \u00fcretiminin konak\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k tepkilerine ek olarak koruma sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum organizman\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli sistemlerinde sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ard\u0131ndanda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u00fcrt\u00fclmekte olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar vir\u00fclanstan soumlu olan molek\u00fcler mekanizman\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6neliktir. Genomik kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile patojenin evrimi anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonras\u0131nda ilgili organizma ile ayn\u0131 filogenetik k\u00fcmeye sahip olan Bacillus cereus\u2019a dair son bir dikkat \u00e7ekici bulgu yay\u0131nland\u0131. B. cereus, B. anthracis&#8217;ten olduk\u00e7a az \u015fiddete sahip hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olur. Bu fark esas olarak B. anthracis&#8217;teki iki toksin plazmitine atfedilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/C89F2E2C-63BE-4905-99E4-6CDE547F7938-400x400.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12519\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/C89F2E2C-63BE-4905-99E4-6CDE547F7938-400x400.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/C89F2E2C-63BE-4905-99E4-6CDE547F7938-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/C89F2E2C-63BE-4905-99E4-6CDE547F7938-1536x1536.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/C89F2E2C-63BE-4905-99E4-6CDE547F7938-2048x2048.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/C89F2E2C-63BE-4905-99E4-6CDE547F7938-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/C89F2E2C-63BE-4905-99E4-6CDE547F7938-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/genomes\/MICROBES\/anthracis.html<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Yeni bir B. cereus su\u015fu G9241&#8217;in WGS dizilimi, bu organizman\u0131n bir hastada \u015farbon benzeri bir hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olmas\u0131 ile ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&nbsp; Bu benzer etkinin sebebi Bacillus anthracis ile benzer iki vir\u00fclans etkiye sahip plazmite sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir tanesi neredeyse pXO1 ile ayn\u0131 toxin genlere sahip olan analog plazmiti pBC218\u2019dir. Bu plazmitin B.anthracis\u2019deki pXO2\u2019de kodlan\u0131lan kaps\u00fcl ile ayn\u0131 korumay\u0131 sa\u011flayabilen polisakkarit biyosentetik k\u00fcmesi ile h\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 polisakkarit \u00fcretimini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu bulgu, B. anthracis ve B. cereus&#8217;un yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisini kan\u0131tlamakla birlikte, \u015farbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na B. anthracis d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir organizman\u0131n da neden olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 sadece mikrobiyolojik ve t\u0131bbi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda insanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6recek \u00f6nemli bir ke\u015fiftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/genomes\/MICROBES\/anthracis.html\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/genomes\/MICROBES\/anthracis.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2-Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004 Haziran 1; 101(22):8449-54.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3-https:\/\/hsgm.saglik.gov.tr\/depo\/birimler\/zoonotik-vektorel-hastaliklar-db\/zoonotik-hastaliklar\/5-Sarbon\/7-Sunumlar\/Sarbon_sunum_okul_sagligi.pdf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tarihi Bacillus anthracis mikrobiyoloji uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n uzun zamand\u0131r ilgisini \u00e7eken bir bakteri olmu\u015ftur hatta \u00fcnl\u00fc mikrobiyolog Robert Koch\u2019un postulatlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1098,"featured_media":12520,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,2172],"tags":[149,926,2325,66],"acf":[],"views":340,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12515"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1098"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12515"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12515\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12533,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12515\/revisions\/12533"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12520"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}