{"id":12612,"date":"2022-09-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-02T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=12612"},"modified":"2022-09-03T00:01:30","modified_gmt":"2022-09-02T21:01:30","slug":"toplum-ruh-sagligina-bakis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/toplum-ruh-sagligina-bakis\/","title":{"rendered":"Toplum Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6)\u2019n\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131k tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse ezberlemi\u015fizdir. Yine de hat\u0131rlatmak gerekirse sa\u011fl\u0131k … sadece hastal\u0131k ve sakatl\u0131k halinin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil, ki\u015finin bedenen, ruhen ve sosyal y\u00f6nden tam bir iyilik halinde olmas\u0131 durumudur <\/strong>(WHO 2001, s.1).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise … bireyin kendi yeteneklerinin fark\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131, ya\u015fam\u0131n normal gerginlikleriyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabildi\u011fi, \u00fcretken ve verimli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabildi\u011fi ve i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topluma katk\u0131da bulunabildi\u011fi bir iyilik halidir <\/strong>(WHO 2001a, s.1).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tan\u0131mlardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak rahat\u00e7a s\u00f6yleyebiliriz ki ki\u015finin ruhsal sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na verilmesi gereken \u00f6nem onun fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha az de\u011ferli de\u011fildir. Ne de olsa ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131n iyile\u015fmesindeki \u00f6nemi pek \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artan ruhsal hastal\u0131klar sosyal, ekonomik, hukuki ve t\u0131bbi boyutlarda bireyler, aileler ve toplum \u00fczerindeki y\u00fck\u00fc artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden bir toplulu\u011fun sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunun iyile\u015ftirilmesinde ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. Bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n sadece kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterli gelmeyecektir. Bireylerin ve ailelerin \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullarla ba\u015f etmeleri i\u00e7in programlar geli\u015ftirmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek ve ruhsal hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ki\u015fisel ve sosyal maliyetlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 da ancak halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/strong> Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m \u201cToplum Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131r. Toplum ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131; birey ve bulundu\u011fu \u00e7evreye koruyucu, tedavi edici ve rehabilite edici ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlerini kapsar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu hizmetler; hastane temelli model, toplum temelli model ve toplum ve hastane denge modeli \u015feklinde \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 modelde sunulmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece birey ruhsal sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelir, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle kaybetti\u011fi toplumsal rolleri yeniden kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hastane Temelli Model<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlerinin en eski ve geleneksel olan modelidir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nemlerde \u201cAsylum\u201d \u201cAk\u0131l Hastanesi\u201d gibi isimlerle \u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yatakl\u0131 hastaneler kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu hastaneler bireyin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evreden uzakla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olur. Tedaviden \u00e7ok g\u00f6zetim amac\u0131 g\u00f6zetmesi sebebiyle koruma ve iyile\u015ftirme kavramlar\u0131na uzak kal\u0131r,<\/strong> bu nedenle di\u011fer modellerin yan\u0131nda yetersiz kalan bir modeldir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toplum Temelli Model<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bu modelde tedavi ve bak\u0131m hizmetleri geleneksel hastanelerde de\u011fil, hastan\u0131n kendi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evrede sa\u011flan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece hastan\u0131n toplumdan uzakla\u015fmas\u0131, i\u015flevselli\u011finin kayb\u0131 \u00f6nlenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verilen hizmetlerdeki ama\u00e7lar \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralan\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak, ruhsal hastal\u0131k olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nlemek ve bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 halka g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek (birincil \u00f6nleme)<\/li>
  • Ruhsal hastal\u0131klar\u0131n erken tan\u0131s\u0131, tedavisi ve bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak (ikincil \u00f6nleme)<\/li>
  • Ruhsal hastal\u0131klar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirme (rehabilitasyon) ve bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve bunun i\u00e7in sistem olu\u015fturmak (\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl \u00f6nleme).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Toplum Hastane Denge Modeli<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    A\u011f\u0131r ruhsal hastal\u0131klarda yaln\u0131zca toplum temelli model veya hastane temelli model yeterli gelmez. Toplum temelli hizmet modeli ile tedavi ve bak\u0131m sa\u011flan\u0131rken ak\u0131l hastanelerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, hem toplum hem de hasta i\u00e7in riskli bir durumdur. \u00d6yleyse sunulacak hizmetin hastan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evreye yak\u0131n olmas\u0131na, hastaneye yat\u0131\u015f s\u00fcresinin k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131na, ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ayr\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00e7enin hastaneler yerine toplum temelli hizmetlere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Toplum Temelli Koruyucu Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hizmetleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2000\u2019li y\u0131llara kadar toplum ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyucu, iyile\u015ftirici toplum temelli bir hizmet modeli geli\u015ftirilmemi\u015ftir. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Profili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00fclkemizde psikiyatrik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu durum ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetleriyse hastane temelli olarak verilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Politikas\u0131 metninde ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sisteminin toplum temelli olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine y\u00f6nelik ifadeler yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplum temelli ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlerine ge\u00e7ilece\u011fi Ulusal Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Eylem Plan\u0131\u2019nda ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Bu planda ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesine ve te\u015fvikinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u201cDamgalama ve Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa Kar\u015f\u0131 Fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n Olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, Kad\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik \u015eiddetin \u00d6nlenmesi, \u00c7ocuk \u0130stismar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi, \u0130ntihar\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi, Afet ve Travmalar\u0131n Ruhsal Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir. Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131nda 2023 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek temel hedef ve stratejiler belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bunlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131nda hizmet sunan kurumlar aras\u0131nda uyum sa\u011flanmas\u0131<\/li>
    • A\u011f\u0131r ruhsal bozuklu\u011fu olan bireylerin t\u00fcm ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemi kurulmas\u0131<\/li>
    • Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan personel say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>
    • Verilen hizmetlerin kalitesinin geli\u015ftirilmesi<\/li>
    • Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in kad\u0131nlara ve \u00e7ocuklara y\u00f6nelik hizmetlerin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>
    • Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131nda yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Yeni yap\u0131lanmada \u015funlar ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • Ruh ve Sinir Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Hastanesi\u2019nin yatak say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>
      • Yeni a\u00e7\u0131lacak yataklar\u0131n toplum temelli modele uygun olarak genel hastaneler i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>
      • N\u00fcfus say\u0131lar\u0131 uygun olan yerlere TRSM (Toplum Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Merkezi) a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        TRSM\u2019ler, kurulan b\u00f6lgedeki a\u011f\u0131r ruhsal hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan bireylerin ve ailelerinin bilgilendirilmesini, ayaktan tedavilerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve takip edilmesini sa\u011flar. Psikiyatri klinikleriyle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak gerekirse ilgili ekiplerle hastan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde takibini yapar. \u00c7e\u015fitli tedaviler uygulayarak hastalar\u0131n toplum i\u00e7inde ya\u015fama uyum sa\u011flama becerilerinin geli\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Koruyucu ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetleri \u2018Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Programlar\u0131 Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 ismiyle \u2018Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 Olmayan Hastal\u0131klar, Programlar ve Kanser Birimi\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kurumu\u2019na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6zet olarak \u00fclkemizde karma modelden Toplum Temelli Model\u2019e do\u011fru bir ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu modelde hasta \u00f6nce klinikte tedavi edilir,<\/strong> taburcu edildikten sonra tedavi ve bak\u0131m\u0131na ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evrede devam edilir. Hastaya verilen aile ve toplum deste\u011fi ile birlikte alternatif tedaviler kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 tedavinin etkisini artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Temel yap\u0131s\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        • 1.Basamak (Aile Hekimli\u011fi)<\/li>
        • 2.Basamak (Devlet Hastanesi, Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hastaneleri)<\/li>
        • 3.Basamak sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri (\u00dcniversite)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Albayrak H. Toplum Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamalar\u0131. Toplum ve Hekim.<\/em> 2020. 35(4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Co\u015fkun B, Taycan O (Ed). (2020). Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fc\u00e7lendirme Kavramlar, Kan\u0131tlar, Uygulamalar.<\/em> T\u00fcrkiye Psikiyatri Derne\u011fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u00c7i\u00e7eko\u011flu P, Duran S. D\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Toplum Temelli Koruyucu Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hizmetleri. \u00dcnsal Barlas G, (Ed). Toplum Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hem\u015fireli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye Klinikleri<\/em>. 2018. 1. 8-14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          K\u0131ran \u015e, Saylavc\u0131 E, Songur C. Avrupa\u2019da ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Ruh Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hizmetlerinin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Olarak \u0130ncelenmesi. Social Sciences Studies Journal. <\/em>2017. 3(4), 276-289.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          DOI: 10.26449\/sssj.36<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6)\u2019n\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131k tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse ezberlemi\u015fizdir. Yine de hat\u0131rlatmak gerekirse sa\u011fl\u0131k … sadece hastal\u0131k ve sakatl\u0131k halinin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1044,"featured_media":12614,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[2335,125,62,1201,2342],"acf":[],"views":309,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12612"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1044"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12612"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12618,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12612\/revisions\/12618"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}