{"id":1299,"date":"2019-04-20T02:16:35","date_gmt":"2019-04-19T23:16:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=1299"},"modified":"2019-04-20T02:19:43","modified_gmt":"2019-04-19T23:19:43","slug":"bilim-ve-sanat-karmasi-bir-dal-artistik-anatomi-ve-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/bilim-ve-sanat-karmasi-bir-dal-artistik-anatomi-ve-tarihi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilim ve Sanat Karmas\u0131 Bir Dal &#8220;Artistik Anatomi&#8221; ve Tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"text-align:left\">Bilindi\u011fi gibi g\u00f6rsel alg\u0131, beyindeki t\u00fcm alg\u0131 kanallar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en etkili oland\u0131r. Bir ill\u00fcstrasyon, bir maket veya bir foto\u011fraf, sayfalarca anlat\u0131labilecek t\u00fcrl\u00fc malzemeyi ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 \u00fczerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden g\u00f6rsel anlat\u0131m, e\u011fitimin pek \u00e7ok yerinde s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu alanlardan belki de en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc t\u0131p bilimleridir. T\u0131p e\u011fitimi hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren elimizden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmedi\u011fimiz anatomi atlaslar\u0131; bug\u00fcn halihaz\u0131rda kullan\u0131lan pek \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme y\u00f6ntemi, \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar, ger\u00e7e\u011fine en yak\u0131n \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f maketler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse bunun sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Sahi t\u00fcm bu kaynaklar\u0131n, daha kolay \u00f6\u011frenmemizi sa\u011flayan ana ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7lerin nas\u0131l bir tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var? Bilim ve sanat dedi\u011fimiz iki u\u00e7 nokta nerede birle\u015fiyor? \u015eu anki mevcut teknolojiler neler? T\u00fcm bunlar ve daha fazlas\u0131 bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Klasik tan\u0131mlarla ba\u015flayal\u0131m; T\u0131bbi ill\u00fcstrasyonlar, t\u0131p ve sa\u011fl\u0131kla ilgili konularda canl\u0131lar\u0131n anatomik yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, prosed\u00fcrleri ve patolojik durumlar\u0131 gereksiz ya da dikkat da\u011f\u0131tan unsurlardan uzakla\u015farak a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anlatmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, t\u0131bbi i\u00e7erikli bir kayna\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde konuyu destekleyici g\u00f6rsellerin olmas\u0131 konuya verilen \u00f6nemi ve konunun hedef kitle taraf\u0131ndan kolay anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. (1) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Anatominin Tarihi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ill\u00fcstrasyonlar\u0131n ve \u00e7izimlerin tarihini incelemek istiyorsak \u00f6ncelikle anatominin tarihine bakmam\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lk olarak M.\u00d6. 4. yy. da B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender taraf\u0131ndan kurulan kuramsal ve uygulamal\u0131 t\u0131p e\u011fitiminin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130skenderiye\u2019de ilk kadavra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu d\u00f6nemde \u00f6l\u00fc insan bedenlerini incelemek serbestti. Hatta \u0130nsan v\u00fccudunun par\u00e7alanarak incelenmesi yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde Anatominin babas\u0131 kabul edilen Herophilos sinir sisteminin merkezi olan beyindeki kar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131 inceleyerek beyin zar\u0131ndaki sin\u00fcslerden birle\u015fme yerlerini ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir. M.\u00d6. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan Roma duvar resimlerinde Herophilos\u2019un t\u0131bbi uygulamalar\u0131 betimleme olarak yer almaktad\u0131r. (2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anatomiye oldu\u011fu kadar anatomi tarihine de katk\u0131da bulunan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Bergamal\u0131 Galenos \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 insana en \u00e7ok benzeyen hayvan olan goriller \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f ve bunu \u015fu s\u00f6zleriyle dile getirmi\u015ftir: \u201c\u0130nsana en yak\u0131n hayvanlar\u0131n diseksiyonunu yaparsan\u0131z bunlar\u0131 insan \u00fczerinde g\u00f6rme f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu\u011funuzda edinmi\u015f oldu\u011funuz bilgiden yararlanabilirsiniz. Ancak haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131zsan\u0131z insan \u00fczerinde g\u00f6rd\u00fckleriniz de size bir \u015fey ifade etmeyecektir.\u201d Galenos\u2019un en \u00f6nemli eserlerinden \u2018De Usu Partium\u2019 (V\u00fccut Par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u015flevleri \u00dczerine) daki hatalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu da diseksiyonlar\u0131nda hayvan kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ileri gelmektedir. (5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu arada 391 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin yak\u0131lmas\u0131yla 700.000 ciltlik t\u0131p kitab\u0131 da beraberinde yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n eserlerine ula\u015famamam\u0131z\u0131n sebebi bu olsa gerek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Orta \u00e7a\u011f Avrupas\u0131\u2019nda kilisenin etkisi ile anatomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f ve insan bedeni kutsal say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in insan diseksiyonu yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu yasaktan dolay\u0131 hekimlerin hayvan diseksiyonlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden elde ettikleri yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerle hastalar\u0131 tedavi etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ya da cerrahi giri\u015fimlerde bulunmas\u0131 pek \u00e7ok hataya yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (t\u0131pk\u0131 yukar\u0131da Galenos \u00f6rne\u011findeki gibi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anatomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bedenin kesilmesi 13. yy. ba\u015flar\u0131nda Papa\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen II. Frederik\u2019in (1212-1250) izniyle tekrar ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130lk t\u0131p okulunun a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bologna\u2019da Mondino de Luzzi (1275-1321) ilk kitab\u0131 haz\u0131rlayarak \u2018Anatominin Mimar\u0131\u2019 unvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. (2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00f6nesans\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla sanat\u00e7\u0131lar hekimlerle birlikte kadavra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u00d6yle ki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar pek \u00e7ok sanat eserine ilham oldu. Bu d\u00f6nemde bilim ve sanat\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u00e7e girmesiyle \u201cArtistik anatomi\u201d kavram\u0131 olu\u015ftu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bilim adam\u0131 Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) idam edilen mahk\u00fbmlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde bedenin i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inceledi. Bu diseksiyonlarda do\u011fru bilgiler \u00f6\u011frenerek Galen\u2019in d\u00f6nemini sonland\u0131rd\u0131 ve t\u0131pta R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Galen\u2019in kalp, karaci\u011fer, rahim \u00fczerine yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n insan v\u00fccudunda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffederek ger\u00e7ek anatomiyi inceledi. (2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vesalius\u2019un kitab\u0131, anatomi disiplininin sanat\u00e7\u0131larla i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7ine girmesi ve sanatta yeni bir t\u00fcr\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131labilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Vesalius\u2019un kitab\u0131nda yer alan \u00e7izimler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz standartlar\u0131na \u00e7ok yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Vesalius, anatomi konusundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla hem sanat\u00e7\u0131lar i\u00e7in hem de anatomistler, doktorlar, bilim adamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli, ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 yay\u0131nlar yapt\u0131. (4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anatomiden bahsedip Leonardo Da Vinci\u2019den bahsetmemek olmaz. Yetenekleri aras\u0131nda mimarl\u0131k, m\u00fczisyenlik, matematik\u00e7ilik, fizik\u00e7ilik, m\u00fchendislik, mucitlik ve ressaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bu deha, insan bedeninin d\u0131\u015f hatlara yans\u0131yan b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini, duru\u015funu ve hareketini inceleyen anatomi dal\u0131n\u0131n, yani artistik anatominin i\u00e7eri\u011fini ve anlam\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015f ayr\u0131ca artistik anatominin fizyolojiden ve psikolojiden ayr\u0131 ele al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Anatomiye merak\u0131, insan kadavralar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak kadar fazlad\u0131r. Morga giderek cesetleri kesip bi\u00e7mi\u015f, organlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 incelemi\u015ftir. (3-5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu tarihlerden sonraki en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme Dr. Henry Gray\u2019in anatomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 kitap olarak yay\u0131mlamas\u0131d\u0131r. 363 resim bulunan bu kitab\u0131n \u00e7izimleri Henry Vandyke Carter taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn dahi \u00f6nemli ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1973\u2019te Johannes Sobotta, Sobotta Anatomi Atlas\u0131n\u0131n ilk bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1989 da ise Frank Netter kendi anatomi atlas\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde \u015fu s\u00f6zleri sarf eden Netter t\u0131p e\u011fitiminde t\u0131bbi ill\u00fcstrasyonlar\u0131n \u00f6nemini de vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cY\u0131llar \u00f6nce patoloji, anatomi, cerrahi ve di\u011fer t\u0131p kollar\u0131nda t\u0131bbi ill\u00fcstrasyonun e\u011fitim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Fakat t\u0131bbi ill\u00fcstrasyonun tarihine indi\u011fim zaman resimlerin sadece \u00f6\u011fretmede de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda cerrahinin geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan hayati bir rol\u00fc oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.\u201d\u00a0 (1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>\u0130slam Tarihinde Anatomi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130slam tarihinde anatomiyle ilgili belki de en b\u00fcy\u00fck eser Avicenna olarak da bilinen \u0130bn-i Sina (980 \u2013 1037) taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.5 ciltten olu\u015fan El Kanun Fi\u2019t T\u0131b adl\u0131 eserinin 3. Cildi anatomi ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131 inceler. Ebu\u2019l Kas\u0131m Zehravi (930-1013) Kitab\u00fc\u2019t-Tasvir eseriyle cerrahi aletlerle birlikte 215 resim tasvir etmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131da ise t\u0131pla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar 14. yy. da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eirvanl\u0131 \u015eemseddin \u0130taki\u2019nin (1570 \u2013 1640) yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cRisale-i Te\u015frih-i Ebdan ve Terc\u00fcman-\u0131 Kibale-i Feylosofan\u201d eserinde anatomik \u00e7izimler bulunur. \u00c7izimler \u0130taki taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ilk t\u0131p kitab\u0131 \u015eanizade Ataullah Efendi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7inde 56 adet renkli anatomi \u00e7izimi bulunduran bu kitap devlet erkan\u0131na sunulmu\u015f ve \u0130bn-i Sina\u2019n\u0131n Kanun eserine benzetildi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201cKanun-i \u015eanizade\u201d ismi verilmi\u015ftir. (2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Hekim &#8211; Sanat\u00e7\u0131 \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Hekimler sanat\u00e7\u0131larla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak elde ettikleri bilgileri daha kolay bir \u015fekilde ka\u011f\u0131da aktard\u0131lar ve bu \u00e7izimleri kitaplar\u0131nda kulland\u0131lar. Sanat\u00e7\u0131lar ise sahip olduklar\u0131 anatomi bilgisi ile daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i eserler yaratt\u0131lar. Sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n anatomi bilimine ilgileri o denli yo\u011fundu ki, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u00e7in sanat\u00e7\u0131 olmak, ayn\u0131 zamanda anatomist olmak anlam\u0131na geliyordu. \u00d6yle ki sanat\u00e7\u0131lar art\u0131k hekimlerin diseksiyonlar\u0131na kat\u0131lmak yerine kendi diseksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. (4) Hatta bu y\u00fczden hekimler ve cerrahlar aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7eki\u015fme oldu\u011fu da s\u00f6ylenir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, insan kas ve kemik yap\u0131s\u0131na dair hastal\u0131klara ve dokulara daha \u00e7ok yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f doktorlardan \u00e7ok daha fazla ke\u015fif yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00a0Floransal\u0131 heykelt\u0131ra\u015flardan biri olan Lorenzo Giberti 1448\u2019den \u00f6nce, heykelt\u0131ra\u015flar\u0131n ligament ba\u011f dokusunu, kemikleri, kaslar\u0131 ve tendonlar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek zorunda oldu\u011funa inand\u0131. Ona g\u00f6re \u2018\u0130nsan bedenindeki kemikleri bilmeden kimse erkek\u00e7e\u2019 bir heykel yapmay\u0131 ba\u015faramazd\u0131. Antonio Pollaiuolo (1431\/32\u20131498) ise her ne kadar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalan bir g\u00f6rsel kan\u0131t\u0131 olmasa da insan bedeni \u00fczerinde anatomik diseksiyon yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen ilk sanat\u00e7\u0131 olarak kabul ediliyor. (4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anatomi disiplinin geli\u015fmesi, sadece t\u0131p alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeleri desteklemedi, ayn\u0131 zamanda sanatta yeni t\u00fcrlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Sanatta ecorch\u00e9 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan betimlemeler, her ne kadar anatomistlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi bir t\u00fcr olsa da sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n anatomi alan\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deste\u011fin de g\u00f6rselle\u015fmi\u015f bi\u00e7imleridir. (Ecorch\u00e9, derisi y\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, soyulmu\u015f, s\u0131yr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f anlam\u0131na gelen Frans\u0131zca bir terimdir. Sanatta, anatomik yap\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in bir fig\u00fcr\u00fcn derisiz olarak betimlendi\u011fi resim ya da heykelleri ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.)\u00a0 Bununla ilgili say\u0131s\u0131z \u00f6rnek eser var. Ama en az\u0131ndan birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 buraya ekleyebiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin Antonio del Pollaiolo\u2019nun \u201c\u00c7\u0131plaklar\u0131n Sava\u015f\u0131\u201d grav\u00fcr\u00fcnde bedenlerin anatomik yap\u0131s\u0131 muazzam bir \u015fekilde resmedilmi\u015f. Agostino Carlini\u2019 nin \u201cKa\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131yus\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde ise, kaslar \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir ger\u00e7eklikle g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Damien Hirst\u2019in \u201cBakire Anne\u201d heykeli de (2005) R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminin g\u00f6zdesi olan ecorch\u00e9 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz sanat\u0131nda halen kullan\u0131lmakta oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda duruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>Bug\u00fcn Neler Kullan\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Teknolojideki geli\u015fmeler her konuda oldu\u011fu gibi t\u0131bbi ill\u00fcstrasyonlar\u0131 da etkiledi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7izimler art\u0131k Adope Photoshop, Adope Illustrator, Coreldraw, Quark gibi programlar sayesinde 3 boyutlu bir \u015fekilde resmediliyor ve daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131yor. Art\u0131k \u201cT\u0131bbi ill\u00fcstrat\u00f6rl\u00fck\u201d ad\u0131nda bir meslek var. \u00dcniversiteler bu alanda yeni b\u00f6l\u00fcmler a\u00e7\u0131yor. ABD\u2019de 5, Kanada\u2019da 1, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de 3, Hollanda\u2019da 1, Fransa\u2019da 1 ve \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de 1 \u00fcniversitede bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm okutuluyor. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnyadaki t\u0131bbi ill\u00fcstrat\u00f6rleri bir araya getiren bir kurulu\u015f da var. AMI (Association of Medical Illustrators) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu dernek y\u0131ll\u0131k konferanslar d\u00fczenliyor ve b\u00fcnyesindeki \u00fcyelerine pek \u00e7ok f\u0131rsat sunuyor. \u00dclkemizde ise Avrupa\u2019daki t\u0131p e\u011fitiminin \u00f6rnek al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Galatasaray\u2019\u0131 Mekteb-i T\u0131bbiyesi\u2019nin 1841-1842 e\u011fitim d\u00f6nemi ders program\u0131na ilk defa resim dersleri konmu\u015ftur. T\u0131p \u00f6\u011frencisinin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc resmetmesi gerekli bulunmu\u015ftur. Ne var ki daha sonra bu ders m\u00fcfredattan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu anda t\u0131p fak\u00fcltelerinde b\u00f6yle bir ders bulunmamakla birlikte baz\u0131 derslerde \u00f6\u011frencilerden \u00e7izim istenmektedir. (6)\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cerrahpa\u015fa T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesinde T\u0131bbi Resim Birimi kurulmu\u015ftur. G\u00fczel Sanatlar Fak\u00fcltelerinde ise \u201cArtistik Anatomi\u201d ad\u0131nda dersler verilmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonuca varacak olursak bilim ve sanat var olduklar\u0131ndan beri asl\u0131nda birbirlerini besliyorlar. Bilimin kolay anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in sanata; sanat\u0131n ise kendini geli\u015ftirebilmesi i\u00e7in bilime ihtiyac\u0131 var. E\u011fitim ve meslek hayat\u0131m\u0131zda s\u0131k s\u0131k bu ikiliye denk gelecek gibiyiz. Umar\u0131m hayat\u0131m\u0131zdan hi\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kmazlar. Bilimle ve sanatla kal\u0131n.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>KAYNAK\u00c7A:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Murat \u00e7eliker, serap y\u0131lmaz \u201ct\u0131bbi\nill\u00fcstrasyonun t\u0131p bilimine katk\u0131s\u0131\u201d idil dergisi 2017, cilt 6, say\u0131 34, <\/li><li>Mahbube Akar \u201ccerrahi tekniklerin resimsel\nanlat\u0131m\u0131\u201d ART-SANAT 3\/2015 <\/li><li>Bilim ve Teknik Ocak 1994 \u201cLeonardo Da Vinci ve\nAnatomi\u201d<\/li><li>Nimet Keser \u201cSanat ve anatomi kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda bir\nt\u00fcr: ecorch\u00e9ler\u201d \u00c7ukurova \u00dcniversitesi 1. Uluslararas\u0131 sanat ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131\nsempozyumu<\/li><li>Aylin Ersoy Alt\u0131nok \u201cArtistik Anatomi ve G\u00fczel\nSanatlardaki Yeri\u201d (tez \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131)<\/li><li>Mahbube Akar \u201cT\u0131p E\u011fitiminde G\u00f6rsel Sanat\u0131n\nEtkisi\u201d Sosyoloji Dergisi, 3. Dizi, 30. Say\u0131, 2015\/1<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bilindi\u011fi gibi g\u00f6rsel alg\u0131, beyindeki t\u00fcm alg\u0131 kanallar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en etkili oland\u0131r. Bir ill\u00fcstrasyon, bir maket veya bir foto\u011fraf, sayfalarca<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":1305,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"views":1960,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1299"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1347,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299\/revisions\/1347"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}