{"id":1449,"date":"2019-05-04T16:47:22","date_gmt":"2019-05-04T13:47:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=1449"},"modified":"2019-05-11T15:45:11","modified_gmt":"2019-05-11T12:45:11","slug":"kanser-ve-hedelenmis-terapi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/kanser-ve-hedelenmis-terapi\/","title":{"rendered":"KANSER VE HEDEFLENM\u0130\u015e TERAP\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kanser, \u00e7evresel ve genetik ko\u015fullar\u0131n harmanlanmas\u0131yla birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, h\u00fccrelerin kontrols\u00fcz olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc komplike bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. 100’den fazla t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn oldu\u011fu bilinen kanserin tedavilerinde ki\u015fiye \u00f6zg\u00fc y\u00f6ntemler izlemek esas olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kimsenin DNA’s\u0131 ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullar birbiriyle ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak her hastan\u0131n her tipteki tedaviye verdi\u011fi cevap farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden de d\u00fcnyada kanser ve t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 hala s\u00fcrmektedir ama gelinen nokta a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 olmak istedi\u011fimiz yerden uzaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kemoterapi, radyoterapi ve cerrahi y\u00f6ntemlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da birazdan bahsedece\u011fim birtak\u0131m y\u00f6ntemlerin uygulan\u0131m s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e artmaktad\u0131r.Fakat hastay\u0131 tedaviye haz\u0131rlarken, ba\u015fta kendisini sonra da yak\u0131n \u00e7evresini psikolojik olarak haz\u0131rlamak bu komplike tedavinin s\u00fcrecini kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanser Neden Kaynaklan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanserin tek bir sebepten kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek \u00e7ok do\u011fru bir s\u00f6ylem olmayacakt\u0131r. Kanserden yabanc\u0131 kaynaklarda genetik bir hastal\u0131k olarak bahsedilse de asl\u0131nda multifakt\u00f6riyel bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r.Yani genetik fakt\u00f6rlerin \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullarla etkile\u015fimiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanseri genetik olarak atalar\u0131m\u0131zdan miras alm\u0131\u015f olabiliriz ya da DNA’m\u0131z hayat\u0131m\u0131zda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z olumsuz \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullara maruz kalm\u0131\u015f olabilir ve v\u00fccudumuz kanserli h\u00fccreler \u00fcretebilir. Bilinen en pop\u00fcler \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullar aras\u0131nda sigara ve radyasyon da vard\u0131r.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her bireyin kanserli h\u00fccrelerinde ki\u015fiye \u00f6zg\u00fc genetik de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Hatta \u00f6yleki, ki\u015finin kendi kanserli h\u00fccreleri aras\u0131nda bile genetik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar vard\u0131r. Kanserli h\u00fccrelerde normal bir h\u00fccrede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen genetik de\u011fi\u015fikliklere oranla daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanserde Tedavi Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanserde uygulanan kemoterapi, radyoterapi ve cerrahi tedavilerinin yan\u0131nda 4 yeni tedavi geli\u015ftirildi. Tabii bu tedavi y\u00f6ntemlerinin geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci hala s\u00fcrmektedir. Ama k\u0131saca bunlardan bahsedecek olursak;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. \u0130mm\u00fcnoterapi: Hastan\u0131n imm\u00fcn sistemini yeniden aktive edip, hastal\u0131kla m\u00fccadele etmesini sa\u011flayan y\u00f6ntem.<\/li>
  2. Ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Tedavi: Hastan\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00f6r ve genetik \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re, ki\u015fiye \u00f6zg\u00fc bir tedavi y\u00f6ntemi haz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/li>
  3. Kanser \u00d6nleyici \u0130la\u00e7 Tedavisi: Meme ve yumurtal\u0131k kanseri riski ta\u015f\u0131yan hastalara \u00f6nceden uygulanan tedaviyle hastan\u0131n kansere yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/li>
  4. Hedeflenmi\u015f terapi: kanser h\u00fccresinin olu\u015fumu veya yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sorumlu gen veya proteinin olu\u015fumunu inhibe eder. Normal h\u00fccrelerde bulunmayan ama kanser h\u00fccresinde bulunan hedefleri tespit etmeye dayal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Hedeflenmi\u015f Terapi Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bilim insanlar\u0131, kanser h\u00fccrelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan, kanser h\u00fccrelerini di\u011fer h\u00fccrelerden farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan fakt\u00f6rleri ke\u015ffetti. Bu ke\u015fiflerle birlikte kanser h\u00fccrelerini “Hedef Alarak” tedavi etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu.
    Hedeflenmi\u015f Terapi, kanser h\u00fccreleriyle normal h\u00fccrelerin aras\u0131ndaki farktan yararlan\u0131larak kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel tipte bir kemoterapidir. Genellikle ba\u015fka bir tedavinin yan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan Hedeflenmi\u015f Terapi, bazen tek ba\u015f\u0131na da kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hedeflenmi\u015f Terapinin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Mekanizmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kemoterapide esas olan h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcnen h\u00fccreleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmektir. Fakat kemoterapi tedavisinde bu y\u00fczden esas\u0131nda normal olup ama \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcnen h\u00fccreler de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.Bu y\u00fczden de sa\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi ve kusma gibi yan etkiler de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hedeflenmi\u015f terapi de ise, normal h\u00fccreler \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fcyor.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hedeflenmi\u015f terapi, genetik yaps\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kanserli h\u00fccreleri tan\u0131y\u0131p, o h\u00fccrelerin yava\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir ya da b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini inhibe edebilir.
    \n Hedeflenmi\u015f terapi de uygulanan ila\u00e7lar, kanser h\u00fccrelerini di\u011fer h\u00fccrelerden farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan \u00f6zellikleri s\u0131f\u0131rlar. Kanser h\u00fccrelerinin \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 ve anormal bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flayan spesifik b\u00f6lgelerine etki eder. Bu spesifik alanlara etki eden \u00e7ok say\u0131da ila\u00e7 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.
    \n Hedeflenmi\u015f terapi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Kanser h\u00fccresine toksin ta\u015f\u0131yarak,<\/li>
    2. \u0130mm\u00fcn sistemin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 tetikleyerek,<\/li>
    3. Kanser h\u00fccrelerine kan ta\u015f\u0131yan damarlar\u0131n olu\u015fumunu inhibe edip, kanser h\u00fccrelerinin beslenmesini \u00f6nleyerek,<\/li>
    4. Kanser h\u00fccrelerinin yap\u0131sal proteinlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek,<\/li>
    5. Kanser h\u00fccrelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flayan kimyasal sinyalleri bloke ederek etkisini g\u00f6sterir.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Hedeflenmi\u015f Terapi Kimlere Uygulan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Hastalar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 kanser tipleri, hedeflenmi\u015f terapinin uygulanabildi\u011fi hedefleri i\u00e7erir ve bu kanserler bu y\u00f6ntemle tedavi edilir. Ama baz\u0131 hastalar\u0131n kanser tipi bu tedaviye uygun olmayabilir. Bu y\u00fczden, t\u00fcm\u00f6rler uygulanan terapiye uygun hedefler ta\u015f\u0131yor mu test edilir. Biyopsi ile hastan\u0131n bu tedaviye uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve gerekli prosed\u00fcrler uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Hedeflenmi\u015f Terapide Risk Fakt\u00f6rleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u00c7o\u011fu tedavide de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, Hedeflenmi\u015f terapinin de yan etkileri mevcuttur. Bu yan etkilerin en yayg\u0131nlar\u0131 ise, diyare ve karaci\u011fer problemleridir. Bununla beraber, ki\u015finin kan\u0131n\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda ve yaralar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fmesinde problemler g\u00f6zlenebilir.Bu tedavinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastalarda, y\u00fcksek tansiyon, yorgunluk, cilt problemleri vb. g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Yan etkilerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir di\u011fer risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fcyse ki\u015fisel bilgilerin gizlili\u011fidir. Yasa gere\u011fi size dair b\u00fct\u00fcn bilgiler, testlerle elde edilen genetik sonu\u00e7lar korunur. Fakat, sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki insanlar, genetik bilgilerinizi ve sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunuzu kapsayan belgeleri d\u0131\u015far\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Avantajlar\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. Di\u011fer kanser hastalar\u0131na k\u0131yasla, hedeflenmi\u015f terapi uygulanan hastalarda daha az yan etki g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da y\u00fcksek bir ya\u015fam kalitesi sa\u011flan\u0131r<\/li>
      2. Hedeflenmi\u015f terapi de molek\u00fcler ve h\u00fccresel anomaliler d\u00fczeltilebiliyor.<\/li>
      3. Kanseri kronik bir hastal\u0131k gibi tedavi etme olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Dezavantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1. Hedefleyen bir tedavi y\u00f6ntemi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, tek bir hedefe y\u00f6nelip, di\u011fer hedefleri yok sayan ve bu y\u00fczden kanser gibi \u00e7oklu hedef bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir hastal\u0131kta ba\u015fka tedavi y\u00f6ntemlerine y\u00f6nelimi zorunluluk haline getiriyor.<\/li>
        2. Hedeflenmi\u015f terapinin maliyeti di\u011fer tedavi y\u00f6ntemlerine oranla \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek.<\/li>
        3. Hedeflenmi\u015f terapi hastalar\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu ilaca ba\u011fl\u0131 ya\u015famas\u0131na sabep oluyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hedeflenmi\u015f terapide sa\u011flanan, molek\u00fcler ve h\u00fccresel olumlu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin daimi olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu ilac\u0131n d\u00fczenli al\u0131nmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Aksi takdirde, olumsuz sonu\u00e7larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labiliyor.<\/li>
        4. Hedeflenmi\u015f terapinin etkisi \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          Hedeflenmi\u015f Terapinin Gelece\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          10 y\u0131lsonra kanser tedavileri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 kesin bir ger\u00e7ek.Hedeflenmi\u015f terapinin 10 y\u0131l sonra kemoterapinin yerini alaca\u011f\u0131 yani, biyoteknoljik geli\u015fmelerin kimyasal tedavilerin yerini alaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


          Mevcut hedefli tedavilerin hi\u00e7biri hen\u00fcz hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavi edemedi. Ayr\u0131ca, tedavilerin y\u00fcksek maliyetli olmas\u0131 tedavilerin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, hedefe y\u00f6nelik kanser tedavisiyle, kanseri kronik bir hastal\u0131k haline getirme ve kemoterapi ile ili\u015fkili yan etkileri azaltmak hedeflenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          KAYNAKLAR:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/understanding\/what-is-cancer<\/li>
          2. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/treatment\/types<\/li>
          3. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/treatment\/types\/targeted-therapies<\/li>
          4. https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/navigating-cancer-care\/how-cancer-treated\/personalized-and-targeted-therapies\/understanding-targeted-therapy<\/li>
          5. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/treatment\/types\/targeted-therapies\/targeted-therapies-fact-sheet<\/li>
          6. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/treatment\/treatments-and-side-effects\/treatment-types\/targeted-therapy\/what-is.html<\/li>
          7. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4012258\/<\/li>
          8. https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/patients\/resources\/life_with_cancer\/treatment\/targeted_therapy.aspx<\/li>
          9. https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/cancer\/targeted-therapy-cancer#1<\/li>
          10. https:\/\/www.mycancergenome.org\/content\/molecular-medicine\/overview-of-targeted-therapies-for-cancer\/<\/li>
          11. https:\/\/www.acibadem.com.tr\/Hayat\/Bilgi\/kanser-tedavisinde-4-gelisme<\/li>
          12. https:\/\/www.journalagent.com\/bsbd\/pdfs\/BSBD-93823-REVIEW-BAYKARA.pdf<\/li>
          13. http:\/\/cisncancer.org\/research\/new_treatments\/targeted_therapy\/promise.html<\/li>
          14. https:\/\/www.acibadem.com.tr\/Hayat\/Bilgi\/kanser-gelecekte-kronik-bir-hastalik-olacak<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Kanser, \u00e7evresel ve genetik ko\u015fullar\u0131n harmanlanmas\u0131yla birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, h\u00fccrelerin kontrols\u00fcz olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc komplike bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. 100’den fazla t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn oldu\u011fu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":1451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,165],"tags":[162,149,115,163,161,55,133,134],"acf":[],"views":1325,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1449"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/52"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1449"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1454,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1449\/revisions\/1454"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}