Okuma yazma bilen bitki \u00e7aylar\u0131 i\u00e7en arada bir de t\u00fcts\u00fc yak\u0131p evin havas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmekten ho\u015flanan kad\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde herhangi bir kad\u0131n olabilir belki. Fakat bu t\u00fcr hobiler Orta \u00c7a\u011f Avrupa\u2019s\u0131nda k\u00f6ydeki kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131z taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131lman\u0131za sebep olabilirdi. Evinde buhar\u0131 t\u00fcten bir kazan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda pi\u015firdi\u011fi s\u0131v\u0131lardan merhem yap\u0131p \u015fifa veren ya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar, biraz da osteoporozla belleri e\u011fildi mi hemen cad\u0131 avc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n menziline giriyordu. Tabii ki tek dertleri bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri de\u011fildi ama elde edecekleri gelir kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda atacaklar\u0131 iftiralar\u0131 da sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 gerekiyordu. 18. yy.a kadar devam eden cad\u0131 avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u015flayan bu \u2018su\u00e7luyu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden tan\u0131ma\u2019 iste\u011fi isimler ve temeller de\u011fi\u015ftirerek sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131lda da devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cesare Lombroso 1835 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019da do\u011fdu. T\u0131p e\u011fitimini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra ordu i\u00e7in g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc hekimlik yapt\u0131. Ak\u0131l hastanelerinde, cezaevlerinde, k\u0131\u015flalarda; hastalardan ve kadavralardan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgilerle bir sistematik oturtmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Yeterli deney ve g\u00f6zlemle, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcp bi\u00e7erek tasnif ederek \u2018su\u00e7lu profili\u2019 denilen \u015feyi \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fine inan\u0131yordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendinden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde su\u00e7un insana \u015feytan taraf\u0131ndan verilen bir fikir, bir yoldan sapma oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor; cad\u0131lar\u0131n, \u015feytanlar\u0131n, k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131n i\u015flerine ak\u0131l s\u0131r ermiyordu. \u00d6zg\u00fcr irade kavram\u0131 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi ba\u015flay\u0131nca su\u00e7luya bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Orduda g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada s\u00fcrekli askerleri inceleyen Lombroso, d\u00fcr\u00fcst askerle k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli bir asker aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetlilerdeki ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00f6vmeler oldu\u011funu fark eder. \u0130kinci ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 ise zaman\u0131n pop\u00fcler su\u00e7lular\u0131ndan Giuseppe Villella\u2019n\u0131n otopsisinde olur. Kafatas\u0131n\u0131n hayvani \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. \u0130ri \u00e7eneli, b\u00fcy\u00fck elmac\u0131k kemikli, ka\u015f kemeri geni\u015f, g\u00f6z \u00e7ukurlar\u0131 fazla b\u00fcy\u00fck ve derin bu kafatas\u0131n\u0131 maymunlar\u0131nkine benzedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bunlardan sonra su\u00e7lular\u0131n fiziki \u00f6zelliklerine dikkat ederek ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na devam eder ve su\u00e7lu tasniflerinde bu \u00f6zellikleri s\u0131ralar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do\u011fu\u015ftan su\u00e7lular: Dar al\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kafatas\u0131, asimetrik y\u00fcz, k\u0131sa boy, derin g\u00f6z \u00e7ukurlar\u0131 olan, duygusuz kimselerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fikirleri ya\u015fam\u0131nda ve ya\u015fam\u0131ndan sonra pek \u00e7ok ele\u015ftiri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kimisi bunun d\u00fcped\u00fcz \u0131rk\u00e7l\u0131k oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir, kimisi de sadece anlams\u0131z baz\u0131 ortak noktalar\u0131 s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.. Lambroso bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada dahi ve deli aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131 da inceledi\u011finden bir d\u00e2hiyi g\u00f6rmek ister ve gitti\u011fi bir kongrede \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Tolstoy\u2019u ziyarete gider. Tolstoy, Lombroso\u2019ya bu fikirlerin bir sa\u00e7mal\u0131k <\/em>oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Kendi g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ise o g\u00fcnden \u015f\u00f6yle bahseder: \u2018Lambroso geldi. Kendisi saf, kapasitesi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 bir adam.\u2019(Lambroso Tolstoy\u2019dan 7 ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fc.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru yanl\u0131\u015ftan ziyade krimonolojinin temelini atm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir yeri vard\u0131r. Kendisinden sonra \u00f6\u011frencilerinden veya ba\u015fka ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan da su\u00e7lu tasnifleri yap\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat bilim insanlar\u0131 camias\u0131nda tam bir kabul g\u00f6rebilen olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ceza hukuku ve kriminoloji derslerinde giri\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na ad\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131ran Lambroso ise \u2018kriminolojinin babas\u0131\u2019 lakab\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n kaynak\u00e7a<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/download\/article-file\/58874<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/35059175<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n