{"id":2068,"date":"2019-07-21T18:24:40","date_gmt":"2019-07-21T15:24:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=2068"},"modified":"2019-07-21T18:24:42","modified_gmt":"2019-07-21T15:24:42","slug":"ucuncu-crispr-bebek-coktan-dogmus-olabilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/ucuncu-crispr-bebek-coktan-dogmus-olabilir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc CRISPR Bebek \u00c7oktan Do\u011fmu\u015f Olabilir!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-background has-medium-font-size has-very-light-gray-background-color\"><strong>Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda Hong Kong\u2019da ikincisi d\u00fczenlenen Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130nsan Genomu D\u00fczenleme Zirvesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda He Jiankui taraf\u0131ndan duyurulan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk CRISPR bebeklerinin (<\/strong><em><strong>Lulu ve Nana<\/strong><\/em><strong>) ard\u0131ndan <\/strong><em><strong>MIT Technology Review\u2019un <\/strong><\/em><strong>haberine g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc CRISPR bebek de \u00c7in\u2019de \u00e7oktan d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f olabilir.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"677\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crispr-8-3-18-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2098\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crispr-8-3-18-1.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crispr-8-3-18-1-400x226.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crispr-8-3-18-1-768x433.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crispr-8-3-18-1-1024x578.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crispr-8-3-18-1-110x62.jpg 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crispr-8-3-18-1-420x237.jpg 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/crispr-8-3-18-1-762x430.jpg 762w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption><em><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong><\/em>  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.genengnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/crispr-8-3-18.jpg\">https:\/\/www.genengnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/crispr-8-3-18.jp<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\">Bilim ve etik camialar\u0131, gen d\u00fczenleme y\u00f6ntemiyle d\u00fcnyaya gelen bebeklerin art\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve eksilerini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken He Jiankui cephesinde \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir geli\u015fme daha oldu; ikinci bir \u00c7inli kad\u0131n da CRISPR bebe\u011fe hamile. \u00dcstelik erken hamilelik testleri de bunu do\u011frulad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\">2017 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri He Jiankui ile d\u00fczenli  ileti\u015fim halinde ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n zaman \u00e7izelgesine a\u015fina olan Stanford \u00dcniversitesi hekimi ve etik\u00e7isi William Hurlbut\u2019a g\u00f6re Hong Kong zirvesinin \u00fczerinden yedi ay ge\u00e7ti fakat hamilelik bundan \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131, \u015fu s\u0131ralar do\u011fum ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek ya da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olabilir. Hurlbut, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bebe\u011fe gebe kal\u0131nan tarihi biliyor fakat bu bilgileri \u00e7ocu\u011fun ve ebeveynlerinin kimliklerinin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 endi\u015fesiyle kamuoyuyla payla\u015fmak istemiyor. Sadece<em> \u201c\u015eunu s\u00f6yleyebilirim ki normal do\u011fum 38 ila 42 hafta s\u00fcrer ve do\u011fum olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131n,\u201d<\/em><strong> <\/strong>diyor Hurlbut MIT Technology Review\u2019a verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajda. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"858\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/https___s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com_psh-ex-ftnikkei-3937bb4_images_3_7_4_0_16900473-1-eng-GB_he-jiankui-genome-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2094\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/https___s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com_psh-ex-ftnikkei-3937bb4_images_3_7_4_0_16900473-1-eng-GB_he-jiankui-genome-1.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/https___s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com_psh-ex-ftnikkei-3937bb4_images_3_7_4_0_16900473-1-eng-GB_he-jiankui-genome-1-400x286.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/https___s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com_psh-ex-ftnikkei-3937bb4_images_3_7_4_0_16900473-1-eng-GB_he-jiankui-genome-1-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/https___s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com_psh-ex-ftnikkei-3937bb4_images_3_7_4_0_16900473-1-eng-GB_he-jiankui-genome-1-1024x732.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/https___s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com_psh-ex-ftnikkei-3937bb4_images_3_7_4_0_16900473-1-eng-GB_he-jiankui-genome-1-110x79.jpg 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/https___s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com_psh-ex-ftnikkei-3937bb4_images_3_7_4_0_16900473-1-eng-GB_he-jiankui-genome-1-420x300.jpg 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/https___s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com_psh-ex-ftnikkei-3937bb4_images_3_7_4_0_16900473-1-eng-GB_he-jiankui-genome-1-601x430.jpg 601w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption>II. \u0130nsan Genomu D\u00fczenleme Zirvesi&#8217;nde He Jiankui<br><em><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong><\/em>  <a href=\"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Business\/Science\/Scientist-reveals-second-gene-edited-pregnancy\">https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Business\/Science\/Scientist-reveals-second-gene-edited-pregnancy<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\">Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Hong Kong\u2019daki zirve s\u0131ras\u0131nda He Jiankui\u2019ye sorular sorma f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulan \u0130ngiliz geli\u015fimsel biyolog Robin Lovell-Badge\u2019in <em>\u201cKlinik deneyleriniz s\u0131ras\u0131nda genom d\u00fczenleme y\u00f6ntemiyle hamile kalan ba\u015fka birey var m\u0131?\u201d<\/em> sorusuna He Jiankui\u2019nin <em>\u201cBir tane daha potansiyel hamileli\u011fimiz var,\u201d<\/em> demesi, bunu kan tahlilleri ile desteklemesi ve ayr\u0131ca \u00c7inli yetkililerin daha sonra bu hamileli\u011fi teyit etmesi de bir ba\u015fka CRISPR bebe\u011fin yolda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren di\u011fer deliller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\">\u00c7inli CRISPR bebek deneyi duyurulduktan sonra bilim ve etik \u00e7evrelerince geni\u015f \u00e7apta k\u0131nand\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi deneyler de durduruldu. \u00c7o\u011fu uzman bundan korksa da daha fazla CRISPR bebek ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz gibi duruyor. K\u00fcresel moratoryum \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen gen tedavisi teknolojilerine eri\u015fimi kontrol alt\u0131na almak imk\u00e2ns\u0131z g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. Haziran ay\u0131nda Moskova\u2019da bir bilim insan\u0131 onay ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, gelecekte CRISPR bebekler yapmay\u0131 umdu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\">Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda duyurulan ilk CRISPR bebekler <em>Lulu<\/em> ve <em>Nana<\/em> \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan genom d\u00fczenleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda He ve ekibi CRISPR\u2019\u0131 kullanarak <em>CCR5<\/em> adl\u0131 tek bir gene hasar vermi\u015flerdi. Bu genin defektif allelleri HIV enfeksiyonu direnci ile ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ekip HIV\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan bireyler olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bebekte de yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde defektif <em>CCR5<\/em> allelleri bulundu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube aligncenter wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"About Lulu and Nana: Twin Girls Born Healthy After Gene Surgery As Single-Cell Embryos\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/th0vnOmFltc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>He Jiankui Lulu ve Nana&#8217;n\u0131n nas\u0131l d\u00fcnyaya geldi\u011fini anlat\u0131yor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>CRISPR\/Cas9 Nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\">CRISPR (<em>Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat<\/em>), d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f palindromik tekrar k\u00fcmeleri, bakterilerde do\u011fal olarak bulunan bir genom d\u00fczenleme sisteminden uyarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bakteriler istilac\u0131 vir\u00fcslerin DNA par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yakalar ve onlar\u0131 CRISPR dizileri olarak bilinen DNA segmentleri yaratmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r. CRISPR dizileri bakterinin vir\u00fcsleri <em>\u201chat\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131\u201d<\/em> sa\u011flar. E\u011fer vir\u00fcs tekrar sald\u0131r\u0131rsa bakteri CRISPR dizileri \u00fczerinden vir\u00fcslerin DNA\u2019lar\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyen RNA segmentleri \u00fcretir. Daha sonra bakteri Cas9 enzimini kullanarak vir\u00fcs DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 keser ve vir\u00fcs\u00fc etkisiz hale getirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\">Bilim insanlar\u0131 CRISPR\/Cas9 sisteminin bu \u00f6zelliklerinden faydalanarak bir genom d\u00fczenleme y\u00f6ntemi geli\u015ftirdi. DNA\u2019n\u0131n istenilen b\u00f6lgesini hedeflemek i\u00e7in CRISPR RNA (crRNA)\u2019s\u0131 ve tracrRNA\u2019dan olu\u015fan bir tekli rehber RNA (sgRNA) elde ettiler. Ard\u0131ndan bu yap\u0131ya DNA\u2019y\u0131 kesebilen Cas9 enzimini eklediler. B\u00f6ylelikle DNA bir kez CRISPR\/Cas9 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kesildi\u011finde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan h\u00fccrenin DNA tamir mekanizmas\u0131ndan yararlanarak genetik materyale par\u00e7a ekleme &#8211; silme ya da halihaz\u0131rda var olan bir segmenti \u00e7\u0131karma veya yenisini ekleme i\u015flemlerini yapabildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"696\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/180215-CRISPR-Explainer-V4-768x1325.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/180215-CRISPR-Explainer-V4-768x1325.png 696w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/180215-CRISPR-Explainer-V4-768x1325-232x400.png 232w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/180215-CRISPR-Explainer-V4-768x1325-594x1024.png 594w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/180215-CRISPR-Explainer-V4-768x1325-64x110.png 64w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/180215-CRISPR-Explainer-V4-768x1325-244x420.png 244w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/180215-CRISPR-Explainer-V4-768x1325-249x430.png 249w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><figcaption><em><strong>CRISPR&#8217;\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015f mekanizmas\u0131<\/strong><\/em><br><em><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong><\/em>  <a href=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/cbi-research-portal-uploads\/2018\/02\/16182724\/180215-CRISPR-Explainer-V4-768x1325.png\">https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/cbi-research-portal-uploads\/2018\/02\/16182724\/180215-CRISPR-Explainer-V4-768&#215;1325.png<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>CRISPR Bebekler D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Gibi \u201cSa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131\u201d Olacak m\u0131?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\">\u0130lk CRISPR bebeklerin\nortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan sonra bilim insanlar\u0131 <em>CCR5<\/em> gen mutasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n\ninsanlardaki etkileri \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. California \u00dcniversitesi Berkeley\nKamp\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden bir ekip \u0130ngiliz veritaban\u0131 UK Biobank\u2019de bulunan d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz binden\nfazla genomu ve bunlarla ili\u015fkili sa\u011fl\u0131k kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tarad\u0131lar. Bunun sonucunda\niki mutant <em>CCR5<\/em> genine sahip olan bireylerin 41 ila 78 ya\u015flar\u0131\naras\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131n\u0131n bir mutant <em>CCR5<\/em> genine sahip olanlar ya da bu\nmutant gene hi\u00e7 sahip olmayanlara g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini tespit\nettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\">Genin,\n<em>CCR5<\/em>, iki mutant kopyas\u0131na sahip olunmas\u0131yla ilgili \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\ninfluenza enfeksiyonundan sonra g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6rt kat art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.\nFakat ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar her iki kopyan\u0131n da mutasyona u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filerde <em>CCR5<\/em>\ntaraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen protein d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fka v\u00fccut\nfonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 da etkileyebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:18px\"><em>\u201cCRISPR bebeklerle ilgili bir\u00e7ok etik sorunun \u00f6tesinde, \u015fu anki bilgimizle, etkilerini tam anlam\u0131yla bilmedi\u011fimiz mutasyonlar olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak hala \u00e7ok tehlikeli,\u201d<\/em> diyor California \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirici biyoloji profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Rasmus Nielsen. <em>\u201cBu durumda, b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle insanlar b\u00f6yle bir mutasyona sahip olmak istemeyeceklerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bundan faydadan \u00e7ok zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz,\u201d<\/em> diye de ekliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol><li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/613890\/a-third-crispr-baby-may-have-already-been-born-in-china\/\">https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/613890\/a-third-crispr-baby-may-have-already-been-born-in-china\/<\/a> <\/li><li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2019\/06\/190603124709.htm\">https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2019\/06\/190603124709.htm<\/a> <\/li><li> <a href=\"https:\/\/ghr.nlm.nih.gov\/primer\/genomicresearch\/genomeediting\">https:\/\/ghr.nlm.nih.gov\/primer\/genomicresearch\/genomeediting<\/a><\/li><li> <a href=\"https:\/\/ghr.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/CCR5\">https:\/\/ghr.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/CCR5<\/a> <\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda Hong Kong\u2019da ikincisi d\u00fczenlenen Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130nsan Genomu D\u00fczenleme Zirvesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda He Jiankui taraf\u0131ndan duyurulan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":153,"featured_media":2097,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,25,19,165],"tags":[272,270,271,156],"acf":[],"views":2197,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2068"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/153"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2068"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2242,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2068\/revisions\/2242"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2097"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}