{"id":2286,"date":"2019-07-22T22:27:47","date_gmt":"2019-07-22T19:27:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=2286"},"modified":"2019-08-05T22:41:33","modified_gmt":"2019-08-05T19:41:33","slug":"3d-yaziciyla-kalp-yapildi-ama-nasil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/3d-yaziciyla-kalp-yapildi-ama-nasil\/","title":{"rendered":"3D Yaz\u0131c\u0131yla Kalp Yap\u0131ld\u0131, Ama Nas\u0131l?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki en \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00fcm sebebi olan kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klardan \u00f6zellikle son d\u00f6nem kalp yetmezli\u011fi olan hastalar i\u00e7in \u015fu an elimizde olan tedavi se\u00e7eneklerini kalp nakli ve yapay kalpler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Organ ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz olmas\u0131 ve yapay kalplerinde y\u00fcksek teknoloji gerektirmesi bunun yan\u0131nda da pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine son y\u0131llarda bilim insanlar\u0131 3D yaz\u0131c\u0131dan kalp elde edebilir miyiz sorusunu sormaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu minvalde ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Nisan ay\u0131nda \u2018Advanced Science\u2019 dergisinde\nyay\u0131mlanan bir makalede \u0130srailli bilim insanlar\u0131 ilk defa 3 boyutlu yaz\u0131c\u0131da\nbas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f,beslenebilen ve tamamen insan\u0131n kendi h\u00fccrelerinden elde ettikleri\nkalbi \u00fcrettiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar.Bu haber gerek t\u0131p d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda gerek d\u00fcnya\nbas\u0131n\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 buldu. Peki, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu kalbi nas\u0131l yapt\u0131, yapt\u0131klar\u0131\nkalp ne kadar fonksiyonel, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ne gibi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 var? Dilerseniz bu\nsorulara cevap bulmak \u00fczere yaz\u0131m\u0131za ge\u00e7elim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tahmin edebilece\u011finiz \u00fczere bu \u00e7ok kapsaml\u0131 ve detayl\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma.\nDolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu yaz\u0131da sizleri \u00e7ok detaya bo\u011fmadan temel olarak s\u00fcreci\n\u00f6zetleyecek bir yaz\u0131 aktarmay\u0131 hedefliyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar 3D kalbi yapmadan \u00f6nce ‘cardiac patch’ denilen\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7eye ‘kalp yamas\u0131’ olarak terc\u00fcme edebilece\u011fimiz yap\u0131y\u0131 da \u00fcretiyorlar.Ama\nbu yaz\u0131da biz sadece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n 3D kalbin \u00fcretildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131nda bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 okurken i\u00e7inizden ‘Ben daha \u00f6nce 3D yaz\u0131c\u0131dan bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\nkalp g\u00f6rd\u00fcm,bu neden ilk?’ diye bir soru ge\u00e7irebilirsiniz. Evet daha \u00f6nce 3D\nyaz\u0131c\u0131lardan kalpler \u00fcretildi.Ama bu kalpler tamamen yapay maddelerden elde\nedilen kalplerdi.Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hayvan veya insanlara implante etti\u011finizde hemen\nimm\u00fcn cevaba sebebiyet veriyodunuz.Fakat bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar sadece\nhastalardan al\u0131nan dokudan bir kalp \u00fcrettikleri i\u00e7in imm\u00fcn cevap ekarte\nediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcreci maddeler halinde \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetleyebiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. \u00d6ncelikle hastalar\u0131n omentumundan (midenin b\u00fcy\u00fck kurvat\u00fcr\u00fcnden ba\u015flay\u0131p t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131n \u00fczerini mutfak \u00f6nl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi \u00f6rten, 4 katl\u0131 bir periton tabakas\u0131) bir doku par\u00e7as\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131yor.
    <\/li>
  2. Ard\u0131ndan al\u0131nan bu doku desel\u00fclerize ediliyor. Yani al\u0131nan dokudaki h\u00fccreler izole edilerek geriye iskelet yap\u0131 kal\u0131yor.B\u00f6ylelikle h\u00fccresel ve h\u00fccresel olmayan iki par\u00e7a elde ediyoruz.<\/li>
  3. H\u00fccresel olmayan iskelet yap\u0131 jel haline getiriliyor.<\/li>
  4. Elde edilen h\u00fccreler ise re-programlama ile \u00f6nce pluripotent k\u00f6k h\u00fccreye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ard\u0131ndan bu k\u00f6k h\u00fccreler kardiyomiyositlere ve endotel h\u00fccrelerine farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/li>
  5. Sonras\u0131nda elde edilen kardiyomiyositler temel olarak bir jele, endotel h\u00fccreleri temel olarak bir jele ekleniyor ve iki farkl\u0131 ‘bioink’ denilen 3D yaz\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hammadesi elde edilmi\u015f oluyor.<\/li>
  6. Bu a\u015famada, \u00fcretece\u011fimiz kalbin beslenmesini sa\u011flayabilece\u011fimiz damar yap\u0131s\u0131 bilgiyar programlar\u0131nda hastalardan al\u0131nan CT g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler yard\u0131m\u0131yla dizayn ediliyor.<\/li>
  7. Sonras\u0131nda 3D yaz\u0131c\u0131 kendi sistemine y\u00fcklenen dizayn ve iki farkl\u0131 bioink yard\u0131m\u0131yla kalbi \u00fcretiyor.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    G\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda\n20 mm uzunlu\u011funda 14 mm \u00e7ap\u0131nda, damar yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip bir kalp elde edilmi\u015f\noluyor. Takdir edersiniz ki bu boyutlardaki bir kalp insan kalbinin kompleks\nyap\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok uzakta bulunmaktad\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla elde edilen kalpler belki\ndo\u011frudan insana fayda sa\u011flamayabilir. Lakin \u00f6zellikle ila\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme\nara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131larak bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00d6zellikle\nyazarlar\u0131n belirtti\u011fi kan damar a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilgisiyardaki dizayn\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi,\nve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7aptaki damarlar\u0131n bas\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi problemler giderildik\u00e7e, in vivo\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara (hayvanlar \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar) a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verildik\u00e7e bu tip kalpler\nklinik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda daha de\u011ferli hale geleceklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Evet, yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sonuna geldik. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmayla ilgili kafan\u0131za tak\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc soruyu yorum b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sorabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ho\u015f\u00e7akal\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Makele linki: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/advs.201900344<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki en \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00fcm sebebi olan kardiyovask\u00fcler hastal\u0131klardan \u00f6zellikle son d\u00f6nem kalp yetmezli\u011fi olan hastalar i\u00e7in \u015fu an elimizde<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":144,"featured_media":2298,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[368,91,367],"acf":[],"views":723,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2286"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/144"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2286"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2286\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2315,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2286\/revisions\/2315"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}