{"id":2334,"date":"2019-07-23T00:17:41","date_gmt":"2019-07-22T21:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=2334"},"modified":"2019-07-23T00:22:07","modified_gmt":"2019-07-22T21:22:07","slug":"hucreler-lav-lambasi-proteinleri-ile-olumu-yenebilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/hucreler-lav-lambasi-proteinleri-ile-olumu-yenebilir\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00fccreler \u201cLav Lambas\u0131\u201d Proteinleri ile \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc Yenebilir!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ger\u00e7ekten kar\u0131\u015fmayan; ancak belirli \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda, lav lambas\u0131nda hareket eden damlalar gibi k\u00fcmelenen ve ayr\u0131lan farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahip s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. S\u0131v\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131 faz ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak da bilinen bu fenomen, bir zamanlar sadece kimyasal bir i\u015flem olarak kabul ediliyordu. Ancak on y\u0131ldan daha k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, Princeton \u00dcniversitesinde biyofizik\u00e7i olan Clifford Brangwynne bunun h\u00fccrelerde de oldu\u011funu ilk g\u00f6zlemleyen ki\u015filerden biri oldu ve o zamandan beri biyologlar bu fenomeni \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Lav lambas\u0131
Kaynak: http:\/\/www.dutchglow.org\/nostalgia-and-lava-lamps-wisconsin-public-radio-1a313460b28b62da.html
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBilim\ninsanlar\u0131, evrimin belirli proteinleri aggregat benzeri s\u0131v\u0131lar gibi davranmas\u0131\ni\u00e7in ayarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu proteinler, faz ayr\u0131m\u0131 sayesinde\nkendilerini spontan bir \u015fekilde h\u00fccrelerinde gerekli g\u00f6revleri yerine\ngetirebilecek dinamik, zars\u0131z, damlac\u0131k benzeri yap\u0131lara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebiliyorlar.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDresden,\nAlmanya\u2019da Max Planck Institute of\nMolecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPICBG)<\/em>\u2019de biyolog olan Simon Alberti\n\u015f\u00f6yle dedi; \u201cHer nas\u0131lsa, hi\u00e7 kimse bu t\u00fcr yetenekleri olan molek\u00fcllerin\ni\u015flevselliklerini sa\u011flamak veya i\u015flevlerini d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in evrimden\nfaydalanabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyordu.\u201d\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Max\nPlanck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems<\/em>\u2019de\nbiyofizik\u00e7i olan Vasily Zaburdaev \u015f\u00f6yle dedi; \u201cBu bulu\u015f h\u00fccresel organizasyon\nve fonksiyon anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck etkilere sahiptir.\u201d\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSon\nbulgulardan biri faz ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, belirli h\u00fccrelerin besinlerden mahrum\nkald\u0131klar\u0131nda veya ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc strese maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\natlatmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r. Faz ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, h\u00fccrelerin sitoplazmalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck\nbir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131v\u0131dan kat\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flar – temelde, besin maddeleri geri\nd\u00f6nene kadar h\u00fccreler kendilerini sert bir staz durumuna sokarlar.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Membrans\u0131z Organeller<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOn\ndokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l h\u00fccre biyologlar\u0131 organel terimini (Latince \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck organ\u201d)\nh\u00fccrelerin i\u00e7inde g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri minik bile\u015fenleri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in olu\u015fturdular. O\nzaman bile, Amerikal\u0131 h\u00fccre biyolo\u011fu Edmund Beecher Wilson gibi alandaki\n\u00f6nc\u00fcler, j\u00f6le benzeri sitoplazma dolu h\u00fccrelerin \u201cFarkl\u0131 kimyasal yap\u0131daki\nas\u0131l\u0131 damlalar gibi\u201d \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erebilece\u011finden \u015f\u00fcpheleniyorlard\u0131. Bununla\nbirlikte, bu ilk bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, neredeyse bir y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca biyolojide \u00e7ok az\nde\u011fer g\u00f6rd\u00fc: Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, basit\u00e7e damlac\u0131k \u015feklindeki herhangi bir h\u00fccresel\norganelin, i\u00e7eri\u011finin sitoplazma ile kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kaps\u00fclleyici bir\nlipit zara sahip olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini varsay\u0131yorlard\u0131.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBuna ra\u011fmen;\nIrvine, University of Calfornia<\/em>\u2019dan\nL. Dennis Smith ve National Institute of\nEnvironmental Health Sciences<\/em>\u2019dan Edward Mitchell Eddy, 1960 ve 1970\u2019lerin\nba\u015flar\u0131nda baz\u0131 organellerin membrana sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elektron mikroskobuyla g\u00f6sterdiler.\nZaman i\u00e7inde, h\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki yo\u011fun bir yap\u0131 olan n\u00fckleol gibi membrans\u0131z\nyap\u0131lar bulunmaya devam etmi\u015ftir. Yine de 2009\u2019a kadar nas\u0131l ve neden\nolu\u015ftuklar\u0131 belli de\u011fildi.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nO y\u0131l,\nBrangwynne MPICBG’de gen\u00e7 bir doktora sonras\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencisi iken o, meslekta\u015f\u0131\nChristian Eckmann ve dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Tony Hyman beklenmeyen bir \u015fey g\u00f6rd\u00fcler: Yuvarlak\nsolucan Caenorhabditis elegans<\/em>\u2019\u0131n\nh\u00fccrelerinin i\u00e7indeki P gran\u00fclleri denilen d\u00fczensiz ve tutars\u0131z organel\nda\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na bak\u0131yorlard\u0131. P gran\u00fcllerinin, yo\u011fun RNA ve protein topaklar\u0131 oldu\u011fu\nyayg\u0131n olarak kabul ediliyordu. Ancak Brangwynne, Eckmann ve Hyman, gran\u00fcllerin\nkat\u0131 bir yap\u0131da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Bunun yerine, iyi \u00e7alkalanm\u0131\u015f bir sirkedeki\nya\u011f gibi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck damlalar olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bir araya gelen s\u0131v\u0131 damlalar\u0131\ngibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Yuvarlak solucan Caenorhabditis elegans\u2019\u0131n h\u00fccrelerinin i\u00e7indeki P gran\u00fclleri\u2019nin zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fimi
Kaynak: https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/324\/5935\/1729<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBrangwynne\n\u015f\u00f6yle dedi; \u201cBu ke\u015fif \u015fans eseri oldu. S\u0131v\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti\u011fimizde, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\nbir\u00e7ok kantitatif \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde mant\u0131kl\u0131 hale geldi.\u201d Bu ke\u015fif\nayr\u0131ca biyologlar\u0131n h\u00fccrelerin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131\nde\u011fi\u015ftirdi.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nYap\u0131sal\nbiyolog ve Dallas\u2019da yer alan University\nof Texas Southwestern Medical <\/em>Center\u2019da biyofizik departman\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131\nolan Michael Rosen, laboratuvarda damlac\u0131klar halinde birle\u015febilecek belirli\nproteinler ve RNA molek\u00fclleriyle bu tip bir faz ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcreten ilk ki\u015fi oldu.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBununla\nbirlikte, baz\u0131 durumlarda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar s\u00fcrecin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 –\nve bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n n\u00f6rodejeneratif hastal\u0131klar ve kanser de dahil olmak \u00fczere\ngeni\u015f bir hastal\u0131k yelpazesiyle ili\u015fkili proteinlerin bir i\u015flevini temsil etti\u011fini\nke\u015ffettiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Zaburdaev, baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klarla ili\u015fkili bir proteinin\nbirka\u00e7 mutant formunun anormal faz ayr\u0131lma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini g\u00f6zlemledi.\n\u201cD\u00fczg\u00fcn damlalar olu\u015fturmak yerine, \u00e7ok garip kirpi benzeri yap\u0131lar\nolu\u015fturuyorlar\u201d dedi.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayatta Kalmak \u0130\u00e7in Kat\u0131la\u015fma<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Zaburdaev ve Alberti de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131, h\u00fccrelerde s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve besinlerin kesilmesi gibi stres durumlar\u0131nda proteinlere ne oldu\u011funu ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya karar verdiler. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7, faz ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir h\u00fccrenin hayatta kalma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilece\u011fi idi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f proteinlerde faz ay\u0131rmas\u0131
Kaynak: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0022283618306673<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nH\u00fccrelerin\ndavran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ay\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131\u015f uykusuna benzetilebilir. Hayvan haftalarca uykuda kal\u0131r\nve enerji t\u00fcketimini minimuma indirir. H\u00fccresel d\u00fczeyde ise faz ayr\u0131lmas\u0131\njelatinimsi sitoplazman\u0131n daha kat\u0131, koruyucu bir duruma ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131\nolur. Zaburdaev \u015f\u00f6yle dedi; \u201cBu \u2018kat\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f\u2019 durumda, bir h\u00fccre a\u00e7l\u0131ktan\nkurtulabilir.\u201d\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAra\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\nbu olguyu maya ve amipleri besinden mahrum b\u0131rakarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Besin yoksa\nenerji yok demektir ve maya h\u00fccrelerinin, biyokimyalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan n\u00f6tr\npH de\u011ferini korumak amac\u0131yla protonlar\u0131n\u0131 sitoplazmalar\u0131ndan pompalamalar\u0131\ngerekir, bunun i\u00e7in de enerjiye ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar. Zaburdaev, \u201cH\u00fccreler a\u00e7l\u0131kta\nasidikle\u015ftiler\u201d dedi. Daha asidik ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, proteinler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir\ndurumdan daha yo\u011fun ve kat\u0131 olan bir hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler ve iyi kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f\nsitoplazma, jelatinimsi kabarc\u0131k k\u00fcmelerine ayr\u0131ld\u0131.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBilim\ninsanlar\u0131, h\u00fccrelerin ortam\u0131n\u0131n asitli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, h\u00fccreleri besinsiz\nb\u0131rakmadan bile bu hayatta kalma durumuna ge\u00e7melerini sa\u011flayabiliyorlar.\nH\u00fccreler saatlerce hatta g\u00fcnlerce bu \u015fekilde dinlenebilir. Alberti \u015f\u00f6yle diyor;\n\u201cH\u00fccrelerin \u015fekillerini koruyacak kadar sert olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Tamamen farkl\u0131\nbir maddesel duruma ge\u00e7iyorlar.\u201d pH normale d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde h\u00fccrenin de normal\nhaline d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zlemlendi.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131 mayay\u0131 ozmoz yoluyla tamamen dehidre ederek\nde faz ayr\u0131m\u0131 ve kat\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 tetikleyebileceklerini buldular. Bununla birlikte,\nfarkl\u0131 stres tiplerinin (Ozmoz, asidikle\u015ftirme), farkl\u0131 kat\u0131 halleri\nind\u00fckledi\u011fi g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015f. Alberti, bunun mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n \u201cHen\u00fcz anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\nbir \u015fey\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durumun k\u0131\u015f uykusu ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ise mecazdan\nfazlas\u0131 olabilir. Alberti \u015f\u00f6yle dedi; \u201cK\u0131\u015f uykusundaki memelilerin h\u00fccreleri de\nkat\u0131la\u015fabilir. Bu t\u00fcr \u00e7evresel de\u011fi\u015fimlerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir yol \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc\nkat\u0131la\u015fma i\u00e7in gereken enerji s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimi veya pH’daki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ften \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ancak,\nfaz ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu hipotezin hala test edilmesi gerekiyor.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metabolik Kontrol \u0130\u00e7in \u0130mmobilizasyon<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Alberti, bir \u015feyi kapatman\u0131n en iyi yolunun, maddenin tekrar\nihtiya\u00e7 duyulana kadar geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc bir \u015fekilde hareketsiz hale\ngetirilebilece\u011fi kat\u0131 bir malzemeye konulmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. \u201cBu, molek\u00fclleri\nhasardan koruman\u0131n ve ayn\u0131 zamanda onlar\u0131 kapatmak ve daha sonra kullanmak\n\u00fczere saklaman\u0131n bir yoludur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekip, bir proteinin belirli bir tan\u0131mlanabilir alana veya\nb\u00f6lgeye sahip olmas\u0131 durumunda, kolayca geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc jeller\nolu\u015fturabilece\u011fini buldu. Bu alan\u0131n yoklu\u011funda, protein geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz bir\n\u015fekilde kat\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tekrar kullan\u0131lamaz hale geldi\u011fi g\u00f6zlemlendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alberti \u015f\u00f6yle dedi; \u201cBu alan, proteinin iyi bir jel t\u00fcr\u00fcnde\nbirle\u015fmesi ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez bir \u015fey olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni bir imkan\nsunuyor.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MDI\nBiological Laboratory<\/em>\u2019de biyolog olan Dustin Updike \u015f\u00f6yle dedi; \u201cBu sonu\u00e7lar,\ndo\u011fan\u0131n proteinlerin yap\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini ayarlamak i\u00e7in etki alan\u0131 sekanslar\u0131\ntasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu \u00e7ok faydal\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc h\u00fccrelere \u2018\u0131s\u0131 \u015foku, pH\nveya ozmotik stres gibi ani streslere cevap verme mekanizmas\u0131\u2019 verir. H\u00fccrelerdeki\nd\u00fczenleyici mekanizmalar genellikle genetik seviyede \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r; bu da\nmekanizmalar\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011fe ula\u015fan, gen transkripsiyonunu ve uygun bir enzim\n\u00fcretimini ba\u015flatan sinyallere ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Ancak bu olaylar\nzaman al\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, faz ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r ve strese neredeyse an\u0131nda\nyan\u0131t verebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u015ffin \u00d6nemi<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fccrelerdeki faz ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kesin mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 ve\netkilerini anlamak, Zaburdaev’e g\u00f6re organlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve ya\u015flanma\nara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan uzay yolculu\u011funa kadar t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck biyolojik zorluklarla\nili\u015fkili olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son zamanlarda, \u00f6rne\u011fin, Yale \u00dcniversitesi’nden n\u00f6robilimci Pietro De Camilli ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131, sinapslarda n\u00f6rotransmiterlerin kontroll\u00fc sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda faz ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n olabilece\u011fine dair kan\u0131tlar buldu. N\u00f6rotransmiter i\u00e7eren vezik\u00fcllerin rutin olarak presinaptik membran\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki k\u00fcmelerde ihtiya\u00e7 duyulana kadar bekledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. De Camilli’nin ekibi, Sinapsin 1 ad\u0131 verilen bir iskelet proteininin vezik\u00fclleri bu k\u00fcmelere ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in di\u011fer proteinlerle birlikte s\u0131v\u0131 bir fazda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Sinapsin fosforile edildi\u011finde, damlac\u0131k h\u0131zla da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r ve vezik\u00fcller, n\u00f6rotransmiterleri sinaps i\u00e7ine bo\u015faltmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Sinapsin 1\u2019in damlac\u0131k faz\u0131na yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda n\u00f6rotransmitter i\u00e7eren vezik\u00fclleri ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve fosforile oldu\u011funda vezik\u00fclleri serbest b\u0131rak\u0131p i\u00e7indeki n\u00f6rotransmitterlerin sinaptik aral\u0131\u011fa sal\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ill\u00fcstrasyon
Kaynak: https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/phase-separating-proteins-may-protect-and-regulate-cells-20181126\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yine de bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar hala erken g\u00fcnlerinde. Brangwynne ve\nmeslekta\u015flar\u0131, on y\u0131l \u00f6nce makalelerini yay\u0131nlad\u0131klar\u0131nda, biyologlar bu\nyepyeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6n\u00fc hakk\u0131nda olumlu ve olumsuz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere kap\u0131ld\u0131lar.\nUpdike’nin belirtti\u011fi gibi, h\u00fccre biyologlar\u0131n\u0131n, protein aggregasyonu fenomeni\nhakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekten, tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ak\u0131\u015fkan dinami\u011fi gerektiren s\u0131v\u0131 faz\nayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ge\u00e7meleri zor olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Updike \u015f\u00f6yle dedi; \u201cBana g\u00f6re, Cliff\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 P\ngran\u00fcllerinin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimizi daha iyi tan\u0131mlayan \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir\nilerlemeydi. Bir gran\u00fcl\u00fc safla\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz, ancak daha \u00e7ok bir ya\u011f damlas\u0131na\nbenzeyen bir \u015feyi safla\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00e7ok daha zor bir i\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alberti \u015f\u00f6yle dedi; \u201cEle\u015ftirilerden biri, baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n her\nproteinin bunu yapabilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemeleridir. Bilimde, proteinlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli\n\u015fartlar alt\u0131nda konsantre hale getirilmesinin bazen kat\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131na veya\ns\u0131v\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131na neden olabilece\u011fi yayg\u0131n bir bilgidir. Fakat bunun asl\u0131nda\nh\u00fccreler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi, evrimin bu biyomolek\u00fcl kabiliyetinden metabolizmay\u0131\nyava\u015flatmak gibi i\u015flevsel bir de\u011fi\u015fim elde etmek i\u00e7in yararlanabilece\u011fi fikri\nyoktu.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brangwynne, bunun biyolojinin gelece\u011fi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a ve ileri okuma i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/phase-separating-proteins-may-protect-and-regulate-cells-20181126\/<\/a><\/li>
  2. https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/324\/5935\/1729<\/a><\/li>
  3. https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/09347<\/a><\/li>
  4. https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/361\/6402\/604<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ger\u00e7ekten kar\u0131\u015fmayan; ancak belirli \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda, lav lambas\u0131nda hareket eden damlalar gibi k\u00fcmelenen ve ayr\u0131lan farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahip s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":2348,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,165],"tags":[301,296,304,302,303,295,298,297,299,300,305],"acf":[],"views":1149,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/112"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2334"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2349,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions\/2349"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}