{"id":4103,"date":"2019-11-16T19:44:54","date_gmt":"2019-11-16T16:44:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=4103"},"modified":"2019-11-16T20:14:36","modified_gmt":"2019-11-16T17:14:36","slug":"mukemmel-insan-mumkun-mu-tarihsel-surec-ile-ojeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/mukemmel-insan-mumkun-mu-tarihsel-surec-ile-ojeni\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fckemmel insan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? Tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 ile \u00d6jeni"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00d6jeni kavram\u0131na giri\u015f yapmadan \u00f6nce size k\u0131saca yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00c7in’de d\u00fcnyaya gelen Lulu ve Nana bebeklerden bahsetmek istiyorum. HIV pozitif bir baban\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olarak do\u011fan Lulu ve Nana sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra HIV’e kar\u015f\u0131 da ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131. Her ne kadar bir makale ile do\u011frulu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f ve iddia olarak kalm\u0131\u015f olsa da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi bile insanlar\u0131 heyecanland\u0131rmaya yetiyor. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsenize, do\u011facak \u00e7ocu\u011funuzun mutasyona u\u011fram\u0131\u015f genini CRISPR\/Cas9 tekni\u011fi ile d\u00fczeltebiliyorsunuz. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ciddi problemlere yol a\u00e7abilecek kal\u0131tsal hastal\u0131klardan do\u011facak \u00e7ocu\u011funuzu korumak sadece bir laboratuvar kadar uza\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda oluyor. Belki de bu yeterli de\u011fildir. Neden sizin de ye\u015fil g\u00f6zl\u00fc \u00e7ocu\u011funuz olmas\u0131n? Uzun boylu, kasl\u0131, zeki, haf\u0131zas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 kim istemez de\u011fil mi? Laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda ideal \u00e7ocu\u011fu yaratabilmekten daha g\u00fczel ne olabilir? \u0130\u015fte \u00d6jeni kavram\u0131 asl\u0131nda burada ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n gen havuzunu kontrol alt\u0131nda tutarak en iyi en m\u00fckemmel insan \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizden hatta insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beri s\u00fcregelen bir yakla\u015f\u0131m, m\u00fckemmel olma arzusu…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/germany\/eugenics<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6jeni, ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizden beri bizi yank\u0131 misali takip ediyor ve biz bunu tarihte ad\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015f insanlara bakarak da kan\u0131tlayabiliyoruz. Platon, The Republi<\/em>c adl\u0131 eserinde \u00dcst s\u0131n\u0131f insanlar\u0131n \u00fcremesini te\u015fvik ederken alt s\u0131n\u0131fta bulunan insanlar\u0131n ise bu konuda engellenmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek ideal bir \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bu \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulabilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise Darwin’in kuzeni Galton belki de en gizli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizde sakl\u0131 olan bu kavrama yepyeni bir boyut kazand\u0131rarak Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Galton sadece bu kitab\u0131 yay\u0131nlamakla kalmayarak \u00d6jeni kavram\u0131n\u0131 teorikle\u015ftiren ilk insan olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ngiltere topraklar\u0131nda Galton sayesinde kendine isim bulan bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Amerika topraklar\u0131na yay\u0131larak kendine yer edinmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta \u00f6yle ki 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda Connecticut eyaletindeki yasalarda yer alm\u0131\u015f, epilepsi hastas\u0131 olan insanlar\u0131n evlenmesini yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 hale getirmi\u015fti. Yunancada \u0130yi Do\u011fan<\/em> anlam\u0131na gelen \u00d6jeni Amerikan halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7abucak benimsenmi\u015f 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda American Breeder\u2019s Association<\/em> <\/strong>olarak tarih sahnesinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kurumla birlikte \u00fcreme ve evlilik konusu devletin denetimine girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/10\/16\/us\/eugenics-craze-america-pbs\/index.html<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1909 y\u0131l\u0131 ile California eyaletinde ba\u015flayan d\u00fczenli k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma uygulamalar\u0131 ile \u00d6jeni’nin tehlikeli yanlar\u0131 tarih sahnesinde yava\u015f yava\u015f g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serilmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6jenik bir m\u00fcdahale, insan\u0131n birey olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ve insanlar\u0131n nesillerini devam etme hakk\u0131n\u0131 ellerinden almak da bunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat 1927 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ABD Anayasa Mahkemesi ise bu fikri kabullenmeyerek k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n gerekli ve anayasay\u0131 ihmal etmedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir ve \u00d6jeni ad\u0131 alt\u0131na yap\u0131lacak hak ihlallerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
https:\/\/www.opb.org\/radio\/programs\/thinkoutloud\/segment\/osu-world-series-slow-news-eugenics\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 zaman\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde tarih sahnesinde bizi \u00d6jeni’nin belki de en korkun\u00e7 yan\u0131na \u015fahitlik ettirecek bir lider kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor, Adolf Hitler!  Hitler, gen havuzunun tamamen “Aryan”<\/em> olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in soyk\u0131r\u0131m dahil m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan her \u015feyin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yordu. 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Kal\u0131t\u0131msal Hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi Yasas\u0131<\/em> ile de bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 resmiyete d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc. Bundan sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan toplama kamplar\u0131ndaki gaz odalar\u0131 ve \u00d6l\u00fcm Mele\u011fi<\/em> olarak an\u0131lan Josef Mengele’nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131 verici deneylerle y\u00fcz binlerce insan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk paragrafta sordu\u011fum sorulara d\u00f6nmeden \u00f6nce k\u0131saca Gattaca filmine de de\u011finmek istiyorum. Biri geneti\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve do\u011fu\u015ftan birinci s\u0131n\u0131f bir hayat ya\u015famaya hak kazanm\u0131\u015f di\u011feri ise do\u011farken geneti\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmeyip alt s\u0131n\u0131fa uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclen iki karde\u015fin hikayesi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor filmimizde. Bu filmi izledi\u011finizde asl\u0131nda konunun yukar\u0131daki sorulardan daha derin oldu\u011funu, buzda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kendisi kadar bir de g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn oldu\u011funun fark\u0131na var\u0131yorsunuz. En m\u00fckemmeli en kusursuzu istemek su\u00e7 de\u011fil tabi ki ama \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde soyk\u0131r\u0131ma kadar sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren belgeler varken konunun etik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan faydal\u0131 olabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n