G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise g\u00f6zleri nemli tutmak, g\u00f6zkapaklar\u0131n\u0131n hareketini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli \u00fcretilen g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda olu\u015fan s\u0131v\u0131dan hem i\u00e7erik hem olu\u015f mekanizmas\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu biliniyor. Hatta g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 3 tipe ayr\u0131l\u0131yor: s\u00fcrekli \u00fcretilen bazal g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131; toz, so\u011fan gibi yabanc\u0131 uyaranlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretilen refleksif g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 ve bir de psikojen g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131. Karada ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm omurgal\u0131lar bazal ve refleksif g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretiyor fakat psikojen g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretti\u011fi bilinen tek hayvan \u015fimdilik insano\u011flu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki bu \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 tipinin birbirinden fark\u0131 ne? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bazal g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcn korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, s\u00fcrekli olarak kiri vs. uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 tabakadan olu\u015fur. G\u00f6ze en yak\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131mda mukus tabakas\u0131 bulunur ve bu tabaka g\u00f6ze yap\u0131\u015fan \u015feyleri kendine ba\u011flar. Onun \u00fczerinde su tabakas\u0131 vard\u0131r ve g\u00f6z\u00fcn kurumas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler, bakterileri uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, korneay\u0131 kazalardan korur. En d\u0131\u015ftaki tabaka olan lipid tabakas\u0131 ise d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in g\u00f6z y\u00fczeyini p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz tutar,, ayn\u0131 zamanda di\u011fer tabakalar\u0131n buharla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. \u0130kinci tip olan refleksif g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 ise so\u011fan, gaz ve di\u011fer zararl\u0131 uyaranlara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fc y\u0131kamak i\u00e7in daha fazla miktarda \u00fcretilir ve su tabakas\u0131 daha fazla antikor ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00dcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde ya da \u00e7ok mutlu hissetti\u011fimizde, k\u0131saca yo\u011fun duygular hissetti\u011fimizde \u00fcretilen psikojen g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 ise bilim insanlar\u0131n en az bilgiye sahip oldu\u011fu tip fakat baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla (1970\u2019te biyokimyac\u0131 William Frey taraf\u0131ndan) g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f ki duygusal g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131nda ACTH, enkefalin, endorfin ve do\u011fal a\u011fr\u0131 kesiciler bulunmakta (genel olarak stres durumunda sal\u0131nan maddeler). Duygusal g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131nda Manganez ve Prolaktin hormonu da daha fazla bulunuyor. Bu ikisinin v\u00fccuttan at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bireydeki stresi azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131nda bulunan bir di\u011fer maddeyse SGF diye k\u0131salt\u0131lan \u201cSinir Geli\u015fim Fakt\u00f6r\u00fc\u201d. Bu fakt\u00f6r kornea yaralanmas\u0131ndan sonra g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131nda, korneada ve g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 bezlerinde art\u0131yor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc iyile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc var. SGF ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretimini de art\u0131r\u0131yor. N\u00f6robilimci Robert Provine\u2019e g\u00f6re bu maddenin antidepresif bir etkisi olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n 2012\u2019de Science dergisinde yay\u0131nlanan ve olduk\u00e7a konu\u015fulan bir deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada bir grup kad\u0131na \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc bir film izletildikten sonra a\u011flayanlardan g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 toplan\u0131yor ve bir grup erke\u011fe bu g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 koklat\u0131l\u0131yor. Ba\u015fka bir grup erke\u011fe ise tuzlu sol\u00fcsyon koklat\u0131l\u0131yor. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 koklayan erkekler kontrol grubuna g\u00f6re verilen cinsel uyar\u0131dan daha az etkilenmi\u015f. Buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak kad\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n erkekteki cinsel iste\u011fi azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. Tabi burada atlanan nokta cinsel aktivitenin testosteron ile ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu. Sonras\u0131nda benzer bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma testosteron seviyeleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerek de yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve yine g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 koklayan grubunki daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Tabi testosteron bir tek cinsel aktiviteyle ili\u015fkili de\u011fil, agresif davran\u0131\u015flarla da ilgili ve birini a\u011fl\u0131yorken g\u00f6r\u00fcnce ona agresif davranma ihtimalimizin azal\u0131yor oldu\u011funu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131rsak bulunan sonu\u00e7 gayet makul g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Fakat bu deneyler yap\u0131l\u0131rken erkek g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 daha bilimsel olurdu. Baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re erkek g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131nda da bu maddenin olmas\u0131 y\u00fcksek ihtimal. G\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131ndaki hangi maddenin b\u00f6yle bir etki yap\u0131yor olabilece\u011fi \u00fczerine halen \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor, g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131nda bulunan 160\u2019tan fazla molek\u00fcl halihaz\u0131rda inceleniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Peki a\u011flay\u0131nca v\u00fccudumuzda ne oluyor? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Psikojenik g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz zaman kalp h\u0131zlan\u0131yor ve daha fazla terliyoruz, k\u0131sa vadede sempatik bir aktivite olu\u015fuyor v\u00fccudumuzda. Hatta a\u011flamak daha fazla a\u011flamay\u0131 tetikliyor ve h\u0131\u00e7k\u0131rmaya, hayk\u0131rmaya hatta bazen titremeye ba\u015flayabiliyoruz fakat bu \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrm\u00fcyor. Hemen sonras\u0131nda parasempatik aktiviteyle solu\u011fumuz yava\u015flamaya kalp h\u0131z\u0131m\u0131z normale d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Hatta baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re a\u011flamak, sempatik aktivitenin ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile ba\u015fl\u0131yor ve a\u011flad\u0131k\u00e7a da sempatik aktiviteyi azaltarak homeostaz durumuna d\u00f6nmemizi sa\u011fl\u0131yor olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2015\u2019te yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bir grup insana \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc bir film g\u00f6steriyorlar ve hemen sonras\u0131nda modlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcyorlar. A\u011flayan insanlar a\u011flamayanlara g\u00f6re daha k\u00f6t\u00fc hissettiklerini belirtiyorlar. 90 dakika sonra \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ise a\u011flayan grubun a\u011flamayanlara g\u00f6re filmden \u00f6ncekinden daha iyi hissettikleri bulunuyor. Buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak a\u011flaman\u0131n etkilerinin belli bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7ince daha iyi \u201coturdu\u011fu\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Tabi film sebebiyle a\u011flamak ger\u00e7ek hayattaki a\u011flamalar\u0131m\u0131zla bir de\u011fil ve modumuzu rasyonel bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirmek de her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, ger\u00e7ek bir \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc veya mutlulukla a\u011flayan insanlar ile yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa daha g\u00fcvenilir sonu\u00e7lar elde edilebilir fakat b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hen\u00fcz yok. <\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u011flayamayan insanlar…<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ise \u201ca\u011flayamama\u201d hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip insanlar ile terapi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri \u015feklinde, klinik psikolog Cord Benecke taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. 120 ki\u015fi ile yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde a\u011flayamayan insanlar ili\u015fkilerini daha az ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ile tariflemi\u015fler ve ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u011flayan insanlarla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha fazla agresif duygu (\u00f6fke, nefret, i\u011frenme vb.) deneyimledikleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Bir ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada a\u011flama yetene\u011fini kaybeden 475 hasta de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve iyilik halleri a\u011flayan grupla benzer olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ili\u015fkilerinde daha az empati ve daha az ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k oldu\u011funu tariflemi\u015fler. Ayn\u0131 zamanda duygusal uyaranlardan daha az etkilendikleri ve daha az sosyal destek bulduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. A\u011flayamayan grubun yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 ve kad\u0131n a\u011flayamayanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131 a\u011flayam\u0131yor olman\u0131n hayatlar\u0131na negatif bir etkisi oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015fler. A\u011flaman\u0131n olduk\u00e7a zor oldu\u011fu Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Sendromu\u2019na sahip bir grup insanla yap\u0131lan bir di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada sendroma sahip insanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 22\u2019sinin kontrol grubuna g\u00f6re kendi duygular\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede, anlamada daha \u00e7ok zorland\u0131klar\u0131 bulunmu\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u011flaman\u0131n \u00f6zellikle sosyal a\u00e7\u0131dan nas\u0131l bir fayda sa\u011fl\u0131yor olabilece\u011fi daha da belirginle\u015fiyor. Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r inan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re a\u011flamak zararl\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc duygular\u0131 bizden uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran, insan\u0131 rahatlatan bir \u015fey. Tek a\u011flayan hayvan oldu\u011fumuz ve di\u011fer hayvanlara k\u0131yasla daha k\u0131r\u0131lgan bir \u015fekilde do\u011fdu\u011fumuz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde belki de a\u011flamak kendimizi korumak i\u00e7in bir yol. Sonu\u00e7ta dile getiremedi\u011fimiz kadar yo\u011fun duygular\u0131n bir d\u0131\u015fa yans\u0131mas\u0131 ve belki de bu duygularla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in bir yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan da \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fimiz \u00fczere a\u011flamak ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyal ba\u011f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da g\u00f6revi olan bir \u015fey. Duygular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 dilden daha kolay ifade edebilecek bir ara\u00e7. Konu\u015fma yetisi hen\u00fcz geli\u015fmemi\u015f bebeklerin yeti\u015fkinlerden daha fazla a\u011flamas\u0131 da bunun bir g\u00f6stergesi say\u0131labilir. Bu konudaki bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar artt\u0131k\u00e7a evrimsel faydas\u0131, hem insan\u0131n kendisine hem de insanlar-aras\u0131 faydas\u0131 daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r hatta belki psikoterapi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek bir ara\u00e7 geli\u015ftirilmesinde rol\u00fcn\u00fcn olaca\u011f\u0131 bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kaynaklar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce insanlar g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kalpten kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Eski Ahit g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131n\u0131, kalp g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015fti\u011finde, eridi\u011finde ve suya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olu\u015fan \u015fey olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":195,"featured_media":4456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[576],"acf":[],"views":1873,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4438"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/195"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4438"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4455,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4438\/revisions\/4455"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/7dce9111d5c6570e3a383e194c773549-1024x1024.jpg\")
https:\/\/cdn.newsapi.com.au\/image\/v1\/7dce9111d5c6570e3a383e194c773549?width=650
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/gettyimages-200424631-001-612x612-1024x1024.jpg\")
https:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/photos\/tears-happiness<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n