{"id":4535,"date":"2020-01-15T23:16:14","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T20:16:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=4535"},"modified":"2020-01-17T13:32:19","modified_gmt":"2020-01-17T10:32:19","slug":"gitmek-ve-kalmak-arasinda-bir-yer-intihar-psikolojisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/editorden\/gitmek-ve-kalmak-arasinda-bir-yer-intihar-psikolojisi\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u0130TMEK VE KALMAK ARASINDA B\u0130R YER: \u0130NT\u0130HAR PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The Conversation.
https:\/\/theconversation.com\/suicide-behaviour-in-social-circles-increases-risk-for-kenyan-men-103923<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada her 3 saniyede 1 ki\u015fi intihara te\u015febb\u00fcs ederken her 40 saniyede 1 ki\u015fi intihar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Her y\u0131l d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda intihar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden yakla\u015f\u0131k 873 bin ki\u015finin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Eldeki verilere g\u00f6re 1960’lar ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman intihar oran\u0131 Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde %200 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


T\u00fcrkiye’de ise 2000’li y\u0131llar ile 2010’lu y\u0131llar k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu oran\u0131n %50 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u0130ntihar oran\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda intihar eden n\u00fcfusun %45’inin 15-24 ya\u015f aras\u0131 gen\u00e7ler olmas\u0131 gibi bir ger\u00e7e\u011fin olmas\u0131 toplum psikolojisine dair kayg\u0131lar\u0131 artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re, son 45 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada intihar oran\u0131 %60 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Yine D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’ne g\u00f6re, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada bir milyona yak\u0131n ki\u015finin intihar nedenli hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya g\u00f6re ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman bu oran 100 binde 16’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130nsan, temelde ne olursa olsun ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir varl\u0131k\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Hayat\u0131n\u0131 idame ettirmek i\u00e7in yapabileceklerinin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Peki intihar edenler i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131r ne?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130ntihar edenler hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00e7abalam\u0131yorlar m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130ntihar eden insanlar sessiz sedas\u0131z veda m\u0131 ediyorlar hayata?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Yard\u0131m istemiyorlar m\u0131? Yard\u0131m \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 duyuram\u0131yorlar m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Yoksa hayat\u0131n bu karma\u015fas\u0131nda kimsenin dikkatini \u00e7ekemiyorlar m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Kendi benli\u011fimizi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek ad\u0131na tarifi zor durumdaki bu insanlar\u0131 g\u00f6remiyor muyuz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


G\u00f6rsek de bl\u00f6f yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 san\u0131yoruz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ne san\u0131yoruz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Hayattan vazge\u00e7ebilecek kadar yaln\u0131zlar m\u0131, yoksa yaln\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor muyuz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Onlar\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ne ki, biz g\u00f6remiyoruz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ne g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar ki, hayat m\u00fccadelesini b\u0131rak\u0131yorlar?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Kurtarabilir miyiz, kurtar\u0131labilirler mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ne yapabiliriz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Vurdumduymazl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130NT\u0130HARIN EN MAKUL TANIMI VE TAR\u0130HTEK\u0130 YER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ntihar: Bir kimsenin toplumsal ve ruhsal nedenlerin etkisi ile kendi hayat\u0131na son vermesi.<\/p>
T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu, 2019 <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ntihar, belki de s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131 oldu\u011fu halde tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7 kavramlardan biri. Her ne kadar insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n intihar kavram\u0131yla \u00e7ok uzun zamand\u0131r ha\u015f\u0131r ne\u015fir oldu\u011fu bilinse de, temel ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek olan insan\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir durumu ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k olmas\u0131 intihar\u0131n net bir tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k bir hale getirmi\u015ftir. Yine de, var olan bu evrensel problemin bilim taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmi\u015f “Makul” bir tan\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131 var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 T\u00fcrk bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131mlamaya g\u00f6re \u0130ntihar, bireyin a\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00f6rt\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcm niyetiyle uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir eylemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


D\u00fcnyada intihar\u0131n nas\u0131l tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemek istersek \u00f6ncelikle intihar kelimesinin tarih\u00e7esine bakmam\u0131z gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Latin k\u00f6kenli bir kelime olan “Suicide” asl\u0131nda latince de\u011fil, ingilizce bir kelimedir ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n 1662 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Orta\u00e7a\u011f’da intihar\u0131 anlatmak i\u00e7in Latince “sui homicidio” ya da “sui ipisus homicidum” kal\u0131plar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130ntihar\u0131n Arap\u00e7a kurban anlam\u0131na gelen “Nahr” kelimesinden t\u00fcredi\u011fini biliyoruz. T\u00fcrk literat\u00fcr\u00fcne Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi’nde girdi\u011fini o d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmi\u015f eserlerden anlayabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


“\u0130ntihar” kelimesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 asl\u0131nda yeni olsa da intihar\u0131n \u00e7ok eski bir kavram oldu\u011funu, hatta ilk \u00e7a\u011flara kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Antropoloji alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re ilkel kabilelerde yasaklanm\u0131\u015f yiyeceklerin yenmesi intihar nedenidir. Yasaklanm\u0131\u015f yiyece\u011fi yiyen ki\u015fi ilgin\u00e7tirki k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra hastalan\u0131r ve \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Baz\u0131 eski toplumlarda intihar, do\u011fal nedenli \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn utan\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kahramanl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6rnek verecek olursak e\u011fer, Eski \u0130skandinavlarda do\u011fal \u00f6l\u00fcm utan\u00e7 vericidir ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar, kendilerince onurlu bir \u00f6l\u00fcm metodu(!) olan u\u00e7urumdan atlamay\u0131 tercih ederlerdi. Hala baz\u0131 G\u00fcney Pasifik adalar\u0131ndaki insanlara g\u00f6re intihar onurlu bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Yine birtak\u0131m antropolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarca, baz\u0131 ilkel kabilelerde intihar eylemi olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karsak, uygarl\u0131klar ilerledik\u00e7e, insan denen kavram intihar e\u011filiminin oldu\u011funu fark etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130NT\u0130HAR FELSEFES\u0130 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Her \u00e7a\u011fda intihara kar\u015f\u0131 farkl\u0131 sesler y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Kimi zaman intihar\u0131n savunulabilir oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fken, kimi zaman da intihara \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ntihar\u0131 konu alan baz\u0131 eserler yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde insanlar\u0131n intihar etmesinden sorumlu tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, toplumun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirlemesinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin \u00f6nemli bir pay\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130ntihar\u0131 konu alan eserler \u00e7o\u011funuzun da tahmin etti\u011fi gibi \u00e7o\u011funlukla felsefi kitaplard\u0131r. Bu eserlerin ortak noktas\u0131 insan\u0131n intihar etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Kronolojik bir s\u0131rayla eserleri\/d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri inceleyecek olursak;<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 Pisagor ruhun \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in intihar\u0131n yasak oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 Platon “Kanunlar” kitab\u0131nda baz\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda intihara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Fulars\u0131z Entellik:
https:\/\/fularsizentellik.com\/journal\/2017\/6\/5\/aristoteles-2-tanri<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 Aristoteles ise sava\u015fta onurunu korumak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda intihar\u0131 kozmolojik boyutta var olan d\u00fczenin ve i\u015fleyi\u015fi bozulmas\u0131na neden olan ve eylemsel boyutta da cesaretin z\u0131dd\u0131 korkakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir eylem olarak de\u011ferlendirir. (Aristoteles, Nicomachean Ethics: 1116a; Leenaars, 200;7, 8).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Turuncuyu Kovala:
http:\/\/turuncuyukovala.blogspot.com\/2012\/08\/zenon-paradokslar.html<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 Stoatac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n* kurucusu K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Zenon’un intihar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme bi\u00e7imi biraz daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re “b\u00fct\u00fcn eylemleri erdemlilik \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde cereyan eden bilge insanlar\u0131n fazilete ula\u015fmas\u0131, nefsin, akl\u0131n kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda aldat\u0131c\u0131 duygulardan uzakla\u015fmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bilge adamlar, nefs ile aldat\u0131c\u0131 duygular\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinden nefs y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olsalar da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde ald\u0131klar\u0131 yaralardan ve tamamen bast\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra eski k\u00f6t\u00fc d\u00fcrt\u00fclerini hat\u0131rlamaktan dolay\u0131 baz\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olabilirler. B\u00f6yle durumlarda, ko\u015fullar intihar\u0131 bilge adamlar i\u00e7in hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karabilir<\/em>” (Pearson, 1891: 16, 17). \u0130ntihar\u0131 bu \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendiren K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Zenon kaynaklara g\u00f6re ya\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda intihar etmi\u015ftir.
Eski Yunan’da Stoatac\u0131lar\u0131n intihar hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin intihar\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 Bat\u0131 D\u00fcnyas\u0131nda Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n egemen olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemden R\u00f6nesans\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme kadar kilise felsefi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler \u00fczerinde hakimiyet kurmu\u015f ve intihar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir oranda kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ama tamamen engel olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 R\u00f6nesans ile birlikte kilise eski g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirmi\u015ftir ve intihar oranlar\u0131 artmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 “Denemeler” eserinde yukar\u0131daki felsefecilerden de al\u0131nt\u0131lar yapan Montaigne’in intihar hakk\u0131ndaki fikirlerini a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in \u015fu al\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 kullanmak yeterli olacakt\u0131r: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Kidega:
https:\/\/kidega.com\/yazar\/michel-de-montaigne-000608<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHayat bir i\u015finize yaramad\u0131ysa, bo\u015fu bo\u015funa ge\u00e7tiyse, onu yitirmekten ne korkuyorsunuz. Daha ya\u015fay\u0131p da ne yapacaks\u0131n\u0131z\u201d <\/p>MONTAIGNE<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131l felsefecileri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck temas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k ele ald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in intihar hakk\u0131nda da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Montesquieu intiharla ilgili yasalar\u0131 ele\u015ftirmi\u015f, Hume ise intihar\u0131n su\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l felsefecisi Kant ise Hume’a ve intihara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 Schopenhauer, Kant kadar kesin s\u0131n\u0131rlarla kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmasa da intihar\u0131n bo\u015f ve aptalca oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 Camus ise hayat\u0131n ya\u015famaya de\u011fip de\u011fmedi\u011fini sorgulayarak kendisi g\u00f6re felsefenin temel sorusunu haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00dcM B\u0130L\u0130NENLER\u0130YLE \u0130NT\u0130HAR
-Farberow ve Leonard’\u0131n Maddeleri-<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.\u0130ntihar edip de \u00f6len her 10 ki\u015fiden 8’i niyetini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7evresine s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.\u0130ntihara te\u015febb\u00fcs eden ki\u015filerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmle ya\u015fam aras\u0131nda bir noktada kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.\u0130ntihara te\u015febb\u00fcs edip hayatta kalan insanlar\u0131n te\u015febb\u00fcsten sonraki ilk 3 ay boyunca tekrar deneme riski vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.\u0130ntihar demokratiktir, zengin veya fakir her kesimde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.\u0130ntihar bireyseldir, aileden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.\u0130ntihara te\u015febb\u00fcs eden ki\u015filerin mutsuz olmas\u0131 onlar\u0131n psikolojik hasta oldu\u011funu belirlemeye yetmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130NT\u0130HAR PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ntihar psikolojisini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde ele almak intihar\u0131n nedenlerini bulmam\u0131z\u0131 da sa\u011flar. \u0130ntihar psikolojisi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla nedenleri tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa da, intihar\u0131n multifakt\u00f6riyel oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.
\u0130ntihar, psikolog ve psikiyatristlerin en s\u0131k ilgilendi\u011fi konulardan biri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar olan intihara yakla\u015f\u0131m do\u011fru kabul edilemeyece\u011fi i\u00e7in daha yeni yeni ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir aland\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130ntihar\u0131n bireylere y\u00f6nelik de\u011fil de, toplumlara y\u00f6nelik incelenmesi intihar\u0131n biraz daha anla\u015f\u0131labilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Hala psikiyatristler, \u00e7o\u011fu ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozuk hastan\u0131n intihar etmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden intihar etmi\u015f ki\u015fileri psikolojik hasta olarak kategorize ederler.
Psikolojide ise psikanalitik yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00f6n plandad\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, Freud’a g\u00f6re intihar\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayabilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NEDENLER\u0130YLE \u0130NT\u0130HAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130ntihar\u0131n nedenlerinden bahsedersek, belirli s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalara gitmek i\u015fimizi daha da kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130ntihar bireyseldir. O y\u00fczden nedenleri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131rken karakter ve ki\u015filik \u00f6zellikleri, sosyal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131, hayat ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 esas almak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


B\u00fct\u00fcn bu ko\u015fullar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131p yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re insanlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2981 Ailede ge\u00e7mi\u015finde mental hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funda<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Aile ge\u00e7mi\u015finde madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funda<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 \u015eiddetle dolu bir aile ge\u00e7mi\u015fi oldu\u011funda<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k hissetti\u011finde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Umutsuzlu\u011fu ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Cinsel y\u00f6nelimine ailesi ya da yak\u0131nlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Mental veya psikiyatrik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funda<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Uykusuzluk problemi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Silah sahibi oldu\u011funda <\/p>\n\n\n\n


Orta derecede intihar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kap\u0131lma riski ta\u015f\u0131yabiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Psikolezyum:
http:\/\/psikolezyum.com\/anoreksiya-tedavi\/<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Anoreksiya Nervoza <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Dismorfofobi <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Borderline Ki\u015filik Bozuklu\u011fu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Bipolar Bozukluk<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Panik Bozukluk<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 \u015eizofreni<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Wikipedia<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Anksiyete<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2981 Madde Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ntihar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi riskini daha da artt\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genetik ve intihar hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda ise, aile ge\u00e7mi\u015finde intihar olanlar\u0131n intihar riskinin daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 geneti\u011fin intiharla ili\u015fkilendirilmesine olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130NT\u0130HARI \u00d6NLEMEK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130ntihar eden birisini engellemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Birisinin intihar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc fark edersek ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130ntihar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, \u00f6nce kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki ki\u015fiyi iyi dinlememiz gerekir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7o\u011fu zaman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri s\u00f6ylediklerinde sakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ntihar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemiyorsa da tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 tav\u0131rlardan o ki\u015finin intihar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlayabiliriz. B\u00f6yle bir durumda da o ki\u015finin profesyonel yard\u0131m almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131 ve en ba\u015ftan onu ikna etmeliyiz. En \u00f6nemlisi ona destek oldu\u011fumuzu hissettirmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bir insan s\u00f6ylemleriyle intihar\u0131 anlatm\u0131yorsa, kendini ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc nas\u0131l ele verir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130NT\u0130HARI D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcN\u00dcRKEN\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130ntihar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen \u00e7o\u011fu insan\u0131n yeme ve uyku bozuklu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filerde \u015fiddetli bir karakter de\u011fi\u015fimi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve sosyal \u00e7evresinden uzakla\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri \u015fiddetlendik\u00e7e okuluna, i\u015fine ve ilgi alanlar\u0131na merak\u0131 azalmaya ba\u015flar. Her \u015feyden uzakla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a kendi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcyle de daha az ilgilenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130ntihar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen insanlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131sa zaman \u00f6nce sevdikleri birisini kaybetmi\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise daha \u00f6nceden intihara te\u015febb\u00fcs etmi\u015flerdir.
\u0130ntihar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle bo\u011fu\u015fan insanlar s\u00fcrekli \u00f6l\u00fcmle me\u015fgullerdir ve gerekli olmayan riskler al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Kimi zaman da normalden daha fazla alkol t\u00fcketmeye ba\u015flarlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130NT\u0130HAR NOTLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Yaz\u0131m\u0131 bitirmeden \u00f6nce sizinle baz\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc yazarlar\u0131n intihar notlar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fmak istiyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"

Listelist:
https:\/\/listelist.com\/virginia-woolf-kimdir\/<\/a>
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


1) Virginia Woolf- Sudan korkan ama \u00f6lmek u\u011fruna ceplerini ta\u015fla doldurup kendini nehre b\u0131rakan kad\u0131n, hayat arkada\u015f\u0131na \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle veda etti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026Bu y\u00fczden en iyisi gibi g\u00f6z\u00fcken \u015feyi yap\u0131yorum. Bana m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en b\u00fcy\u00fck mutlulu\u011fu ya\u015fatt\u0131n. Benim i\u00e7in olunabilecek her \u015feyi oldun. Bu korkun\u00e7 hastal\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p gelene kadar iki insan\u0131n daha mutlu olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmezdim. Art\u0131k daha fazla m\u00fccadele edemeyece\u011fim. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 mahvetti\u011fimi biliyorum, ben olmazsam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirsin. \u00c7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorum. G\u00f6r\u00fcyorsun ya, bunu bile d\u00fczg\u00fcn yazam\u0131yorum. Okuyam\u0131yorum. Demek istedi\u011fim o ki, hayat\u0131mdaki b\u00fct\u00fcn mutlulu\u011fu sana bor\u00e7luyum. Bana kar\u015f\u0131 son derece sab\u0131rl\u0131 ve inan\u0131lmaz bi\u00e7imde iyi oldun. Herkesin bunu bilmesini istedi\u011fim i\u00e7in s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum. E\u011fer biri beni kurtarabilecek olsayd\u0131, bu sen olurdun. Senin iyili\u011finin kesinli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda her \u015fey u\u00e7up gitti. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 mahvetmeye daha fazla devam edemem. \u0130ki insan\u0131n bizim oldu\u011fumuzdan daha mutlu olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum.<\/em>“<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2)Robert E. Howard- Conan karakterinin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, Viola Garvin’in \u015fiirini al\u0131nt\u0131lar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Onedio:
https:\/\/onedio.com\/haber\/22-super-kahraman-ve-1-bilinmeyen-adam-robert-e-howard–416564<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

“Herkes ka\u00e7t\u0131, her \u015fey bitti, \u00f6yleyse beni odun ate\u015finin \u00fczerine koyun; \u015e\u00f6len bitti ve fenerler s\u00f6nd\u00fc<\/em>.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Romain Gary- Hayat arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden 1 sene sonra intihar eder ve \u015funlar\u0131 yazar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Pinterest:
https:\/\/tr.pinterest.com\/pin\/421579215089304996\/?lp=true<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


\u201c\u00c7ok e\u011flendim, ho\u015f\u00e7akal\u0131n ve te\u015fekk\u00fcrler!\u201d<\/em><\/p>


<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Charlotte Perkins Gilman<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Biography:
https:\/\/www.biography.com\/writer\/charlotte-perkins-gilman<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130nsan art\u0131k bir i\u015fe yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ve yak\u0131n bir \u00f6l\u00fcmden emin oldu\u011funda, yava\u015f ve feci bir \u00f6l\u00fcm yerine h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kolay bir \u00f6l\u00fcm se\u00e7mek en basit insan haklar\u0131ndan biridir. Kloroformu kansere tercih ettim.<\/em>\u201d <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

B\u0130T\u0130R\u0130RKEN\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ruhsal tedavilerin intihar riskini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarca belirtilse de intihar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle m\u00fccadele eden \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi tedaviyi reddeder. <\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ruhsal tedaviler riski azaltsa da tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Kimilerine g\u00f6re riski tamamen ortadan kald\u0131ran \u015fey mutluluktur\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Siz okurken fark ettiniz bilmem ama ben yazarken intihar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenlerin kendileri i\u00e7in bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kimi zaman kimse taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 fark ettim. <\/p>\n\n\n\n


Hayat\u0131n kimseyi b\u00f6yle bir \u015feyle s\u0131namamas\u0131 dile\u011fi ile\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAKLAR:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Vikikitap “Psikolojiye Giri\u015f\/\u0130ntihar” Eri\u015fim: 7 Ocak 2020. https:\/\/tr.wikibooks.org<\/li>
  2. BBC “T\u00fcrkiye’deki intihar vakalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda neler biliniyor?” Eri\u015fim: 13 Ocak 2020. https:\/\/www.bbc.com <\/li>
  3. <\/li>
  4. Medical News Today ” What Are The Suicidal Thoughts?” Eri\u015fim: 7 Ocak 2020. https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com<\/li>
  5. Psikolojiden Oku “\u0130ntihar: Sessiz Bir Yard\u0131m \u00c7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131” Eri\u015fim: 7 Ocak 2020. https:\/\/www.psikolojidenoku.com<\/li>
  6. T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu S\u00f6zl\u00fckleri “\u0130ntihar” Eri\u015fim: 12 Ocak 2020. https:\/\/sozluk.gov.tr<\/li>
  7. \u0130ntihar\u0131n Nedenleri “\u0130ntihar\u0131n Felsefi Nedenleri Eri\u015fim: 10 Ocak 2020. http:\/\/www.intihar.de<\/li>
  8. Erol Anar “Bir Kitap Yazd\u0131 D\u00fcnyay\u0131 De\u011fi\u015ftirdi: Michel De Montaigne” Eri\u015fim: 10 Ocak 2020. https:\/\/erolanar.org<\/li>
  9. American Psychological Association “Suicide warning signs” Eri\u015fim: 7 Ocak 2020. https:\/\/www.apa.org
    American Psychological Association “Struggling with thoughts of suicide?” Eri\u015fim: 7 Ocak 2020. https:\/\/www.apa.org <\/li>
  10. Karakaya M. M. Suicide in Plotinus\u2019 Philosophy on the Axis of Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy. Beytulhikme Int J Phil. 8 (1) Pages: 339-355, 2018<\/li>
  11. O’Connor R. C., Nock M. K. The psychology of suicidal behaviour The Lancet Psychiatry. 1(1) Pages:73-85, 2014<\/li>
  12. Onedio “Edebiyat D\u00fcnyas\u0131na Damgas\u0131n\u0131 Vuran 13 \u00dcnl\u00fc Yazar\u0131n \u0130ntihar Notlar\u0131” Eri\u015fim: 11 Ocak 2020. https:\/\/onedio.com<\/li>
  13. Listelist “D\u00fcnyaca \u00dcnl\u00fc 12 Yazar\u0131n Arkalar\u0131nda B\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ac\u0131 Dolu \u0130ntihar Notlar\u0131” Eri\u015fim: 11 Ocak 2020. https:\/\/listelist.com\/<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    D\u00fcnyada her 3 saniyede 1 ki\u015fi intihara te\u015febb\u00fcs ederken her 40 saniyede 1 ki\u015fi intihar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmektedir. Her y\u0131l<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":4541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,7],"tags":[583,584,415,588,593,592,64,344,585,590,597,596,125,62,143,594,595,589,598,586,587],"acf":[],"views":2408,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4535"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/52"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4535"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4535\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4598,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4535\/revisions\/4598"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}