{"id":4745,"date":"2020-02-07T23:57:23","date_gmt":"2020-02-07T20:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=4745"},"modified":"2020-02-08T16:27:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-08T13:27:05","slug":"genetigi-degistirilmis-ilk-bebekler-simdi-nasil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/genetigi-degistirilmis-ilk-bebekler-simdi-nasil\/","title":{"rendered":"CRISPR\/Cas9 BEBEKLER"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131da t\u0131p d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda gelece\u011fin\nteknolojilerinden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen CRISPR\/Cas9 (genom de\u011fi\u015ftirme\nteknolojisi) ve bu teknoloji kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan insan geneti\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirme\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyece\u011fiz. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en prestijli bilim dergilerinden biri\nolan Nature\u2019\u0131n, bu konu ile ilgili yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fturdu\u011fum yaz\u0131mda \u00c7in\u2019de\nd\u00fcnyaya gelen geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ikiz bebekler hakk\u0131nda bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda\nya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelere hep beraber bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nature Dergisinde yay\u0131nlanan ilk yaz\u0131da\nFeng Zhang\u2019in genom d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in CRISPR\/ Cas adl\u0131 sistemi kullanmas\u0131ndan\nbahsedilmektedir. 13 Ekim 2015 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan yaz\u0131, insan genom\nd\u00fczenlemesinin yasal olarak nerede kullan\u0131labilece\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirebilmek\ni\u00e7in bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n toplant\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemekte oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Ve etik\na\u00e7\u0131dan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki yasal s\u0131n\u0131r farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimdiden sorun\nolu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor. 26 Kas\u0131m 2018 tarihli yaz\u0131da bilim insan\u0131\nHe Jiankui, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk genomu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bebekleri olan bu \u015fubat ay\u0131nda\ndo\u011fan ikiz k\u0131zlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda bu teknolojiyi kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. \u00c7in\u2019in\nklinik ara\u015ft\u0131rma kayd\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan belgeler, HIV\u2019in h\u00fccreye girmesine izin\nveren bir proteini kodlayan CCR5 adl\u0131 bir geni devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in pop\u00fcler\nCRISPR \u2013 Cas9 genom d\u00fczenleme arac\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Bilim insanlar\u0131\n\u00f6ncelikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fundan emin olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Ayr\u0131ca hangi\ngenin se\u00e7ilmesi gerekti\u011fi gibi pek \u00e7ok konuda soru i\u015faretleri var.  CCR5\ngeni ile ilgili de pek \u00e7ok soru ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. CCR5 geninin etkisi de \u015fu anda\nhala bilinmemektedir.  Bilim insanlar\u0131 bu\ngenin susturulmas\u0131n\u0131n tehdit ve risklerinden bahsediliyorlar. Kimi bilim insan\u0131\nbu riski almaya de\u011fer bulurken; kimi tehlikenin tedaviden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck\nolabilece\u011fini savunuyor. 28 Kas\u0131m 2018 tarihli yaz\u0131da, He Jiankui \u2018nin Hong\nKong\u2019da bilim zirvesinde deneyini a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finiliyor\n.18-24 Ocak 2019 tarihli bir ba\u015fka yaz\u0131da ise \u0130l Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan\ny\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk genomu d\u00fczenlenen bebeklerini\nyaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden bilim insan\u0131 He Jiankui\u2019nin, gen d\u00fczenlemesini \u00fcreme\namac\u0131yla kullanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 ulusal d\u00fczenlemeleri ihlal etti\u011fi tespit ediliyor. Ve\nHe Jiankui\u2019nin i\u015finden kovuldu\u011fundan bahsediliyor. 19 Mart 2019 tarihli yaz\u0131da\nda D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn d\u00fczenledi\u011fi panelde, CRISPR-bebekleri hakk\u0131ndaki\ntart\u0131\u015fmalara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veriliyor. DS\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn Dan\u0131\u015fma komitesi bu alanda k\u00fcresel\nara\u015ft\u0131rma kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu panelde dan\u0131\u015fma komitesi ifadesinde\nayr\u0131ca gelecek nesillere aktar\u0131labilecek \u015fekilde germ \u00e7izgisi ad\u0131 verilen insan\nyumurtas\u0131, sperm veya embriyo genomunu de\u011fi\u015ftiren ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n klinik\nuygulamas\u0131na da kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

17-23 May\u0131s 2019 tarihli yaz\u0131da, politika\nba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda CRISPR teknolojisinin genler \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili\nyasal s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve He Jiankui\u2019nin deneyinin hukuki etkilerinden bahsediliyor. 3\nHaziran 2019 tarihli yaz\u0131da Jiankui\u2019n\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi gen CCR5\u2019te yap\u0131lan baz\u0131\noynamalar HIV\u2019ne diren\u00e7 kazand\u0131rman\u0131n yan\u0131nda, geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilen insanlar\u0131n\n\u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc %21 oran\u0131nda azaltabilece\u011fine de\u011finiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 18\nEkim 2019 tarihli yaz\u0131da Rus bir bilim insanlar\u0131ndan Denis Rebrikov,\n\u2018CRISPR-bebek\u2019 sa\u011f\u0131r geni de\u011fi\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla insan yumurtalar\u0131ndaki genleri\nd\u00fczenlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediliyor. Rebrikov ayr\u0131ca Nature\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan\nbir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, d\u00fczenleyici onay alana kadar gen d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f embriyolar\u0131\nimplante etmeyi planlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yak\u0131nda CRISPR\u2019\u0131n GJB2 ad\u0131 verilen sa\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa\nba\u011fl\u0131 geni onarma yetene\u011fini bu mutasyona sahip insanlardan al\u0131nan v\u00fccut\nh\u00fccrelerinde test etmeyi de i\u00e7eren yumurta deneylerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131\nyay\u0131nlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda kontrols\u00fcz \u015fekilde\nuygulamaya ge\u00e7irilen bu teknolojinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 takip\netmekte ve ilerleyen d\u00f6nemlerde olu\u015fturulacak yasal d\u00fczenlemelerde bu sonu\u00e7lar\ng\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Bilim insan\u0131 He Jiankui\u2019nin gerekli izinleri\nve bilimsel yeterlili\u011fi tamamlamadan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu deney bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda do\u011fru\nkar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve t\u00fcm bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 bunun gibi durumlar\u0131n tekrar\nya\u015fanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almaya te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca etik a\u00e7\u0131dan\nda tart\u0131\u015fmaya \u00e7ok uygun olan bu durumun ilerleyen d\u00f6nemlerde de ba\u015fta bilim\ninsanlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ilgilendirmeye devam edece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup><\/strong> <\/sup>365 Days: Nature\u2019s 10\/ 10 people who\nmattered this year\/ 18 December 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/sup><\/strong> <\/sup> Where in the World could the\nfirst CRISPR baby be born?\/ Heidi Ledford\/ 13 October 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 <\/sup><\/strong> Genom-edited baby claim\nprovokes international outcry\/ David Cyranoski & Heidi Ledford\/ 26 November\n2018<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4<\/sup><\/strong> <\/sup>CRISPR-baby scientist fails to\nsatisfy critics\/ David Cyranoski\/ 28 November 2018 Correction 30 November 2018<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5<\/sup><\/strong> <\/strong>CRISPR-baby Scientist, German publishing deal and\nhunger strike\/ The week in Science:18-24 January 2019\/ 23 January 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6<\/sup><\/strong> World Health Organization panel\nweighs in on CRISPR babies debate\/ Sara Reardon\/ 19 March 2019\/ Correct\u0131on 20\nMarch 2019\/ Update 21 March 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7<\/sup><\/strong> <\/strong>CRISPR-baby rules, fake-news law and kilogram retires\n\/ The week in science: 17-23 May 2019\/ 22 May 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8<\/sup><\/strong> Gene edits to \u2018CRISPR babies\u2019 might\nhave shortened their life expectancy\/ Sara Reardon\/ 03 June 2019 correction 04\nJune 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Russian\n\u2018CRISPR baby\u2019 scientist has started editing genes in human eggs with goal of\naltering deaf gene\/ David Cyranoski\/18 October 2019 correction<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131da t\u0131p d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda gelece\u011fin teknolojilerinden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen CRISPR\/Cas9 (genom de\u011fi\u015ftirme teknolojisi) ve bu teknoloji kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan insan geneti\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":197,"featured_media":4759,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"views":474,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4745"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/197"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4745"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4786,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4745\/revisions\/4786"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}