{"id":5013,"date":"2020-03-15T20:50:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-15T17:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=5013"},"modified":"2021-02-11T20:37:30","modified_gmt":"2021-02-11T17:37:30","slug":"dunyayi-sarsanlar-koronavirus-salgini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/dunyayi-sarsanlar-koronavirus-salgini\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyay\u0131 Sarsanlar – Koronavir\u00fcs Salg\u0131n\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
(COVID-19 Koronavir\u00fcs. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: ANNA ZASIMOVA\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1679767111)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcndemimizde, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en etkili salg\u0131nlar\u0131ndan biri olarak ve git gide etkisi artarak yay\u0131lan k\u00fcresel yeni koronavir\u00fcs (COVID-19) vakalar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artmaktad\u0131r. Bu 2019-nCoV\u2019un 21.y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Vir\u00fcs, memeli ve ku\u015f s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n solunum, ba\u011f\u0131rsak ve karaci\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerine yerle\u015fip ayn\u0131 zamanda n\u00f6rolojik problemler de ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilmektedir. Bu RNA vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar desteklemese de, Huanan Deniz \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Pazar\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ancak genetik haritalamayla yeni koronavir\u00fcs\u00fcn 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de bulunan yarasa koronavir\u00fcs\u00fcnden t\u00fcredi\u011fi g\u00f6sterildi. Bu iki durumun birbiriyle ili\u015fkili olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Her \u015fekilde, ilk \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131 Wuhan kentine k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n getirilmesiyle daha sonra Hubei eyaletinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131nda karantina uyglamas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1 Aral\u0131k 2019 g\u00fcn\u00fc ilk vaka g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen halka iki g\u00fcn sonra haber verilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her vir\u00fcs\u00fcn belirli aral\u0131klarla mutasyona u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi koronavir\u00fcs\u00fcn de mutasyon ge\u00e7irme ihtimali s\u00f6z konusudur. Seattle Fred Hutch Kanser Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi hesaplamal\u0131 biyolo\u011fu Trevor Bedford, vir\u00fcslerin mutasyon ge\u00e7irerek replikasyona u\u011framas\u0131n\u0131n her zaman beklenebilece\u011fini belirtti. Fakat yeni koronavir\u00fcs, grip vir\u00fcs\u00fc gibi her on g\u00fcnde bir mutasyona u\u011framamaktad\u0131r. Mutasyon s\u00fcreci bir y\u0131la kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131nda d\u00fcnya genelinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f MERS (Orta Do\u011fu Solunum Sendromu) ve SARS (\u015eiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu) salg\u0131nlar\u0131, 2019-nCoV’a k\u0131yasla daha b\u00fcy\u00fck etkiler yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin yeni koronavir\u00fcs, yakalananlar\u0131n genelinde %2 oran\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u00e7arken SARS koronavir\u00fcs\u00fcnde bu oran %7-17 aras\u0131 idi. MERS vir\u00fcs\u00fcnde ise bu oran daha y\u00fcksek olabilmektedir. Fakat \u00e7o\u011fu hastal\u0131kta oldu\u011fu gibi ya\u015f ilerledik\u00e7e koronavir\u00fcs ailesinin de insan \u00fczerindeki etkisi artmaktad\u0131r. Yeni koronavir\u00fcs, \u00e7ocuklarda \u00f6l\u00fcme %2 oran\u0131nda bile yol a\u00e7mayabilirken seksen ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcndeki bireylerde bu %8 ve \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Bu ki\u015fi solunum hastas\u0131ysa veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi zay\u0131fsa oran daha da artmaktad\u0131r. Genellikle de mortalite g\u00f6sterildi\u011finden daha y\u00fcksek olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 %2 olarak belirtilse de ger\u00e7ek hayatta farkl\u0131 ya\u015flarda insanlar etkilendi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcm miktar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok olmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman koronavir\u00fcs\u00fcn ki\u015fi \u00fczerindeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131ksa da bu 14 g\u00fcne kadar uzayabilmektedir. Bu on d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck vakit ayn\u0131 zamanda kulu\u00e7ka, yani ink\u00fcbasyon s\u00fcresidir. Baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 bunu 24 g\u00fcn almaktad\u0131r. Vakalar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinde dakikadaki solunum say\u0131s\u0131 24\u2019\u00fc ge\u00e7mektedir. Bu miktar bir bebe\u011fin bile solunum h\u0131z\u0131ndan fazlad\u0131r. Yo\u011fun bak\u0131m hastalar\u0131nda bu iki katt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Koronavir\u00fcs. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: ffikretow@hotmail.com\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1654034092)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vir\u00fcsten korunma yollar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bol su i\u00e7me, et \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden \u00e7ok sebze \u00fcr\u00fcnleri t\u00fcketme ve elleri en az yirmi saniye y\u0131kama gibi yollar bulunur. V\u00fccudun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in iyi bir uyku da gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca insanlarla temastan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve bir metrelik mesafeyi korumak da gerekir. Bu gibi etkenler vir\u00fcsten korunma oran\u0131n\u0131 iki-\u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karabilmektedir. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen, bu vir\u00fcs bilinen en h\u0131zl\u0131 vir\u00fcsten yirmi kat daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tehlikeyi s\u0131f\u0131ra indirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Belirtileri ate\u015f, kuru \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, yorgunluk, kaslarda a\u011fr\u0131, nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131, balgam, cilt d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcleri, eklemde \u015fi\u015fme ve nadiren ishal ve kusmad\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcleni ate\u015f ve \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fckt\u00fcr. Yeni koronavir\u00fcs k\u0131l\u0131fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara dayan\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden vir\u00fcs\u00fcn bahar ve yaz aylar\u0131nda havalar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131yla ortadan kalkaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler mevcuttur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1965\u2019te Tyrrell ve Bynoe vir\u00fcs\u00fc so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalanm\u0131\u015f bir hastada tespit etmi\u015f, sonraki zamanlarda da faredeki hepatit ve domuzdaki gastroenterit vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn de buna \u00e7ok benzer oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlarda ta\u00e7 \u015feklinde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ad\u0131na koronavir\u00fcs konmu\u015ftur. COVID-19, tek zincire sahip pozitif polarite bir vir\u00fcst\u00fcr. S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise coronaviridae ailesi ve nidovirales tak\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Alt aile olarak da coronavirinae ve torovirinae olarak ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yeni koronavir\u00fcs coronavirinae alt ailesindedir. Bu alt aile alpha, beta, gamma ve deltakoronavir\u00fcs olarak d\u00f6rt cinse ayr\u0131l\u0131r. 2019-nCoV, yeni koronavir\u00fcs, bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde betakoronavir\u00fcs alt ailesinin sarbekovir\u00fcs alt cinsindedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

SARS-CoV ve MERS-CoV s\u0131rayla 2003 ve 2012 y\u0131llar\u0131nda tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bu ikisi de yeni koronavir\u00fcs\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu betakoronavir\u00fcs alt ailesine mensuptur. Bu da demektir ki bu vir\u00fcs SARS ve MERS vir\u00fcslerine \u00e7ok benzemektedir. Yap\u0131lan analizlerde bu vir\u00fcs\u00fcn yarasa k\u00f6kenli SARS-like CoV, yani bat-SL-CoVZC45 ve MG772933.1, vir\u00fcs\u00fcne %86.9 oran\u0131nda benzedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. SARS ve MERS vir\u00fcslerinin de yarasa k\u00f6kenli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de SARS-CoV\u2019un egzotik hayvanlardan, MERS-CoV\u2019un ise develerden insana ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bulunmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(ABD’de koronavir\u00fcs. G\u00f6rsel Kayna\u011f\u0131: Viacheslav Lopatin\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1668472411)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Her ne\nkadar SARS ve MERS vir\u00fcslerinin mortalitesi yeni koronavir\u00fcsten y\u00fcksek olsa da,\nSARS\u2019tan \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131 774 ve MERS\u2019ten \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131 858 iken yeni koronavir\u00fcste bu\nyakla\u015f\u0131k 6000 olmu\u015ftur ve bu git gide artmaktad\u0131r. Vaka say\u0131s\u0131 da 163 bini\nge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bunun sebebi MERS ve SARS\u2019\u0131n daha b\u00f6lgesel olmas\u0131 iken COVID-19\u2019un k\u00fcresel\nolmas\u0131yla ilgilidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yeni koronavir\u00fcs\u00fcn etkisi, gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131n olan 1918 \u0130spanyol gribine \u00e7ok benzemektedir. \u0130spanyol gribi t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biri olan 50-100 milyon ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep olmu\u015ftur. Bunun sebebi de koronavir\u00fcste oldu\u011fu gibi solunum sistemine etki etmesindendir. \u0130spanyol gribinin \u00f6ld\u00fcrme sebebi son a\u015famada zat\u00fcrreye neden olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yeni koronavir\u00fcs de buna benzer etkiler g\u00f6sterir. 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu \u0130spanyol gribi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden sona erdi\u011fi ile ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler yer almaktad\u0131r. 2019-nCoV\u2019un yay\u0131lma h\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa \u0130spanyol gribi gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcme ihtimali mevcut. Ne var ki COVID-19\u2019u ge\u00e7irip ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k kazanma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi de yayg\u0131nla\u015fmakta. Ancak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k kazan\u0131lsa bile hastal\u0131k ge\u00e7tikten sonra v\u00fccutta ve organlarda iz b\u0131rakma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yine de s\u0131k\u0131 \u00f6nlem al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde hastalar\u0131n iyile\u015fme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. Nitekim iyile\u015fenlerin say\u0131s\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 bini \u00c7in\u2019de olmak \u00fczere 76 bin civar\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Temel,\nMustafa Kemal, \u201c1918 Grip Pandemisi\u201d (Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, T.C. \u0130stanbul\n\u00dcniversitesi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, 2012). <\/li>
  2. \u201cCoronavirus\nCOVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE)\nat Johns Hopkins University (JHU)\u201d https:\/\/gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/opsdashboard\/index.html#\/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6<\/a><\/li>
  3. \u201cWorldometer\u201d,\n15.03.2020, 14:35 GMT, https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/<\/a><\/li>
  4. ER,\nAhmet G\u00f6rkem; \u00dcnal, Serhat. \u201c2019 Koronavir\u00fcs Salg\u0131n\u0131 \u2013 Anl\u0131k Durum ve \u0130lk\n\u0130zlenimler\u201d Flora. Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi, \u0130nfeksiyon\nHastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131. 08.02.2020. <\/li>
  5. \u201cYoutube\u201d,\nProf. Dr. \u0130dris \u015eAH\u0130N, 13.03.2020, https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eK_au31rZKw<\/a><\/li>
  6. \u201cYoutube\u201d,\nProf. \u0130lyas D\u00d6KMETA\u015e, 15.03.2020, https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=w-l9j1Sp2hQ<\/a><\/li>
  7. Koronavir\u00fcs\nGer\u00e7e\u011fi, TLC, 2020. <\/li>
  8. Karc\u0131o\u011flu,\n\u00d6zg\u00fcr. \u201cCoronavir\u00fcs Nedir, Nas\u0131l Korunabiliriz?\u201d University of Health Sciences,\nDepartment of Emergency Medicine. Istanbul Education and Research Hospital. March\n2020. Vol:2. <\/li>
  9. Coronavirus\u2019s\nGenetic Fingerprints Are Used to Rapidly Map Its Spread. Sanders, Laura. ScienceNews.\nhttps:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/coronavirus-genetic-fingerprints-are-used-to-rapidly-map-spread<\/a>.\n13.02.2020, 14.03.2020. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    G\u00f6rsel Kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. ANNA ZASIMOVA\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1679767111<\/li>
    2. ffikretow@hotmail.com\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1654034092<\/li>
    3. Viacheslav Lopatin\/Shutterstock<\/a>, ID: 1668472411<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      G\u00fcndemimizde, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en etkili salg\u0131nlar\u0131ndan biri olarak ve git gide etkisi artarak yay\u0131lan k\u00fcresel yeni koronavir\u00fcs (COVID-19) vakalar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":267,"featured_media":5016,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"views":579,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5013"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/267"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5013"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5013\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9846,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5013\/revisions\/9846"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}