{"id":5153,"date":"2020-03-26T13:30:57","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T10:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=5153"},"modified":"2020-09-06T02:19:42","modified_gmt":"2020-09-05T23:19:42","slug":"azim-ve-kararlilik-rita-levi-montalcini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/azim-ve-kararlilik-rita-levi-montalcini\/","title":{"rendered":"AZ\u0130M VE KARARLILIK: R\u0130TA LEV\u0130-MONTALC\u0130N\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rita_Levi-Montalcini

<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geli\u015fimsel n\u00f6robiyolojinin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan Rita Levi-Montalcini, 22 Nisan 1909\u2019da \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Torino kentinde ikiz k\u0131z karde\u015fi Paola ile birlikte Yahudi k\u00f6kenli bir ailede d\u00fcnyaya geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aile, k\u0131zlar\u0131na entelekt\u00fcel a\u00e7\u0131dan birikimli bir \u015fekilde yeti\u015fmeleri i\u00e7in gerekli ortam\u0131 sunmu\u015flard\u0131 fakat \u00fcniversiteye devam etmeleri pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. Sebebi ailenin maddi durumunun k\u00f6t\u00fc olmas\u0131 de\u011fildi, aksine zengin bir aileydi. Babas\u0131 Adamo\u2019ya g\u00f6re profesyonel bir kariyer yapmak kad\u0131nlar\u0131n as\u0131l g\u00f6revleri olan annelik ve ev i\u015flerini aksatmas\u0131na neden oluyordu, bu y\u00fczden k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcniversiteye gitmesini istemiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rita, babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011fi ideal kad\u0131n modeline asla uymayacakt\u0131. Yirmi ya\u015f\u0131ndayken istedi\u011fi hayat\u0131n babas\u0131n\u0131n istedi\u011fi hayat olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iyice anlad\u0131 ve babas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcniversiteye gitmesine izin vermesi i\u00e7in ikna etti. Eksik oldu\u011fu dersleri tamamlayarak liseden mezun oldu. Yak\u0131n bir arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 mide kanserinden kaybetmesi onu t\u0131p fak\u00fcltesine y\u00f6nlendirmi\u015fti ve 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda Torino\u2019da t\u0131p fak\u00fcltesine ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fak\u00fcltede \u00fcnl\u00fc histolog Giuseppe Levi\u2019den ders alma \u015fans\u0131na sahip oldu. Prof. Levi in vitro* <\/em>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00fclkedeki \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fcyd\u00fc. Sinir sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131yordu. Rita\u2019n\u0131n n\u00f6rolojiye ilgisini ba\u015flatan ki\u015fidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(*in vitro: laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda ya da yapay ko\u015fullar anlam\u0131nda biyoloji ve t\u0131p alanlar\u0131nda s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan bir kelime)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0130ll\u00fcstrat\u00f6r: Daria Kirpach
https:\/\/search.wellcomelibrary.org\/iii\/encore\/record\/C__Rb2935832 <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1936\u2019da fak\u00fclteden summa cum laude<\/em>  (en y\u00fcksek ba\u015far\u0131) ile mezun oldu ve Guiseppe Levi\u2019nin asistan\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Akademik kariyerinde emin ad\u0131mlarla yol al\u0131rken 1938\u2019de Mussolini <\/strong>\u201cManifesto per la Difesa della Razza\u2019y\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/em> <\/strong>yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bunu, Aryan olmayan \u0130talyan vatanda\u015flar\u0131na akademik ve profesyonel kariyerleri yasaklayan yasalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmas\u0131 izledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asistanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmek ve sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Rita\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na engel olamad\u0131. Yatak odas\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu laboratuvarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etti. Tavuk embriyolar\u0131ndaki sinir liflerini inceliyordu. Bu konuda ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 Washington \u00dcniversitesi’nde bir embriyolog olan Viktor Hamburger’in civciv embriyolar\u0131ndaki \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki bir makaleydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda Viktor Hamburger’den gelen davet \u00fczerine Washington \u00dcniversitesi’nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1950\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deney, onu hayat\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bulu\u015funa yakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00fcm\u00f6r dokular\u0131n\u0131 embriyolara aktararak bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapt\u0131 ve t\u00fcm\u00f6r h\u00fccrelerinin etraf\u0131nda k\u00fcmele\u015fen sinir h\u00fccrelerini g\u00f6zlemledi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan biyokimyac\u0131 Stanley Cohen ile birlikte bu duruma sebep olan maddeyi ke\u015ffettiler: n\u00f6ron b\u00fcy\u00fcme fakt\u00f6r\u00fc(NGF) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Levi-Montalcini ve Cohen bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. NGF\u2019yi bulunduktan sonra NGF i\u015flevleri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bu maddenin \u00f6nemini art\u0131rd\u0131 ayr\u0131ca benzeri bir\u00e7ok madde de bu sayede ke\u015ffedildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

NGF\u2019nin ke\u015ffi 1986\u2019da Levi-Montalcini ve Cohen\u2019e Nobel T\u0131p veya Fizyoloji \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/strong>\u2019n\u00fc getirdi. Ayr\u0131ca bu ke\u015fif Levi-Montalcini\u2019nin \u0130talya bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yere gelmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Levi-Montalcini 2000’li y\u0131llarda bir bilim toplant\u0131s\u0131nda.
https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1990\u2019larda da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etti. Mast h\u00fccresi<\/strong>nin patolojideki \u00f6nemini g\u00f6steren ilk bilim insanlar\u0131ndan biridir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1992’de geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerden, \u00f6zellikle Afrika’dan gelen kad\u0131nlar\u0131 bilimde kariyer bulma konusunda destekleyen Rita Levi-Montalcini Vakf\u0131’n\u0131<\/strong> kurdu. Ayr\u0131ca 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda Roma’da Avrupa Beyin Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fc (EBRI) <\/strong>kurdu ve ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlendi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talya taraf\u0131ndan \u201cYa\u015fam Boyu Senat\u00f6r\u201d<\/strong> olarak onurland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Siyasi y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de ad\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30 Aral\u0131k 2012\u2019de Roma\u2019daki evinde \u00f6\u011fle uykusundayken hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yararlan\u0131lan Kaynaklar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Rita Levi-Montalcini \u2013 Biographical. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2020. Thu. 23 Apr 2020. https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/medicine\/1986\/levi-montalcini\/biographical\/<\/a> <\/li>
  2. Bradshaw, R. Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909\u20132012)<\/em>.Nature<\/em>493, <\/strong>306 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/493306a<\/a><\/li>
  3. Biography Rita Levi Montalcinihttps:\/\/www.ebri.it\/en\/pagine\/1_biografia_2_biography_30<\/a><\/li>
  4. Rita LEVI-MONTALCINI <\/strong>http:\/\/scientificwomen.net\/women\/levi-montalcini-rita-58<\/a><\/li>
  5. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rita_Levi-Montalcini <\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Geli\u015fimsel n\u00f6robiyolojinin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan Rita Levi-Montalcini, 22 Nisan 1909\u2019da \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Torino kentinde ikiz k\u0131z karde\u015fi Paola ile birlikte Yahudi k\u00f6kenli<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":265,"featured_media":5158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[375,543,951,453,947,928,34],"acf":[],"views":1079,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5153"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/265"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5153"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7467,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5153\/revisions\/7467"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}