{"id":5427,"date":"2020-04-17T01:19:01","date_gmt":"2020-04-16T22:19:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=5427"},"modified":"2020-04-17T01:25:18","modified_gmt":"2020-04-16T22:25:18","slug":"gelistirdigi-cocuk-felci-asisi-sayesinde-milyonlarca-cocugun-hayatina-dokunan-jonas-edward-salk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/gelistirdigi-cocuk-felci-asisi-sayesinde-milyonlarca-cocugun-hayatina-dokunan-jonas-edward-salk\/","title":{"rendered":"GEL\u0130\u015eT\u0130RD\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u00c7OCUK FELC\u0130 A\u015eISI SAYES\u0130NDE, M\u0130LYONLARCA \u00c7OCU\u011eUN HAYATINA DOKUNAN; JONAS EDWARD SALK"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

JONAS EDWARD SALK K\u0130MD\u0130R?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131yla\nmilyonlarca \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayat\u0131na dokunmu\u015f bir bilim insan\u0131d\u0131r. Geli\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu\na\u015f\u0131n\u0131n patentini almam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 onu bu kadar \u00f6zel yapan nedenlerden biridir.\nKendisine patent almama sebebi soruldu\u011funda \u015f\u00f6yle cevap vermi\u015ftir: \u201d\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa\nait,  patenti yok diyebilirim. G\u00fcne\u015fi\npatentleyebilir misiniz?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patent alm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 7 milyar dolar kazan\u00e7 elde\nedebilecekken, insanlar\u0131 kurtarmay\u0131 tercih etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD\u2019li hekim ve bakteriyolog olan Jonas Salk, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sayesinde bug\u00fcn bile ad\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ettirmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YA\u015eAMI VE BA\u015eARILARI<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 Ekim 1914 tarihinde New York\u2019ta, Polonyal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men olan Dora-Daniel ilk \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Ailesinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u00f6rnek olan, onlar\u0131n e\u011fitimine \u00f6nem veren bir aile olmas\u0131 Jonas Edward Salk\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131n ileriki d\u00f6nemlerinde kazanaca\u011f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Okula ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra buldu\u011fu her \u015feyi okuyan bir \u00f6\u011frenci olmu\u015ftu. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015f\u0131nda bile kendini ifade edebilen, sordu\u011fu sorularla kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakileri \u00e7\u0131kmaza sokan Salk\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yetene\u011fi ya\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fcst d\u00fczeydeydi.  Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 sayesinde 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken New York \u015eehir \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen yetenekli erkek \u00f6\u011frencileri kabul eden Townsend Harris Hall Lisesi\u2019ne al\u0131nma hakk\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehir \u00dcniversitesinde alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu laboratuvar bilimi dersi sonras\u0131 kimyaya kar\u015f\u0131 merak\u0131n\u0131n tetiklenmesiyle hukuk alan\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ti\u011fi halde ana bran\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kimyaya \u00e7evirmi\u015fti. Daha fazla bilim dersi almaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yetene\u011fi ile zekas\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirece\u011fi yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftu; T\u0131p Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131p fak\u00fcltesine ba\u015fvuru m\u00fclakat\u0131nda t\u0131p\nara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in t\u0131p fak\u00fcltesini istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011finde,\nara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok para kazanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten j\u00fcriye \u015f\u00f6yle cevap verdi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHayatta paradan ba\u015fka \u015feylerde var.\u201d   Bu cevab\u0131 ileride yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 gibiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131p e\u011fitimine devam ederken polyo vir\u00fcs\u00fcne yakalanm\u0131\u015f olan bir\u00e7ok gencin hastaneye yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olmu\u015ftu. Ayr\u0131ca daha d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131ndayken polyo vir\u00fcs\u00fcne yakalanan ve bu y\u00fczden sakat kalan \u00e7ocuklara da tan\u0131k olmu\u015ftu.  Polyo vir\u00fcs\u00fcyle ilgili kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakalar onun virolojiye y\u00f6nelmesine sebep olmu\u015ftu. Bu konuyla ilgili daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapabilmek i\u00e7in t\u0131p e\u011fitine bir y\u0131l ara verip biyokimya alan\u0131nda \u00fcst d\u00fczey \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015f ve makale bir makale yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dcniversiteye geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bile polyo vir\u00fcs\u00fcyle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na devam etmi\u015f. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130nfluenza vir\u00fcs\u00fc hakk\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prof .Dr.Thomas Francis \u00fcniversitede \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olarak g\u00f6reve ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dcniversiteyi bitirdikten sonra psikoloji e\u011fitimini tamamlam\u0131\u015f Donna Lindsay ile evlenen Salk, int\u00f6rnl\u00fck g\u00f6revini Mount Sinai Hastanesine tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nt\u00f6rnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devam ederken Francis\u2019in ekibine dahil olur ve onunla gribe kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunur. Francis\u2019in tavsiyesi \u00fczerine Ernest Goodpasture ile beraber viral patoloji alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya hak kazan\u0131r fakat 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve cephede gripten \u00f6len askerlerin h\u0131zla y\u00fckselmesinde dolay\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131 sonradan iptal edildi ve geri d\u00f6nmek zorunda kald\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde devam ediyordu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kandaki  antikor miktar\u0131 ile vir\u00fcse kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 aras\u0131nda buldu\u011fu ba\u011flant\u0131 Salk\u2019\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fc a\u015f\u0131ya y\u00f6nlendirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michigan \u00dcniversitende be\u015f bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra epidemiyoloji alan\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 do\u00e7ent \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 alan Salk art\u0131k ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve tan\u0131nan bir bilim insan\u0131yd\u0131. 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pittsburh \u00dcniversitesinde g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131. Burada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir laboratuvar kurulmu\u015ftu ve Salk burada g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Salk, \u00f6l\u00fc a\u015f\u0131 bulma ve uygulamas\u0131yla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulundu. O d\u00f6nemde Enders ve ekibi polyo vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitli dokularda \u00fcretebilmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece sonuca yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salk, a\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in vak\u0131ftan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6denek ile Enders\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 kendi laboratuvar\u0131nda yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar neticesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli dokularda vir\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Laboratuvar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst kat\u0131nda polyo vir\u00fcs\u00fcne yakalanan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e i\u00e7indeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma iste\u011fi daha \u00e7ok artt\u0131 ve g\u00fcnde 16 saate kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve art\u0131k yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 insanlar \u00fczerinde denemekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T.Watson Sakat \u00c7ocuklar Evi\u2019nde vir\u00fcs\u00fc maruz kalan hasta \u00e7ocuklara a\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. Salk, antikor seviyelerinde bekledi\u011fi y\u00fckselme sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 alana kadar uyuyamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bekledi\u011fi antikor seviyesindeki y\u00fckselme kan\u0131tlan\u0131nca daha \u00f6nce bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irmemi\u015f insanlarda a\u015f\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 gerekiyordu. A\u015f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada e\u015fini ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re antikor seviyeleri bekledi\u011fi gibi y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda vak\u0131f, Salk\u2019\u0131n a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 7.000 dolar maliyeti olan, tarihteki en b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u0131bb\u0131 deneyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1955 y\u0131l\u0131 ilkbahar\u0131nda bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sonucu gelmi\u015f ve bas\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; \u201cA\u015f\u0131 i\u015fe yar\u0131yor. G\u00fcvenli, etkili ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salk, onur \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc almaya hak kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bu \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc\nt\u00fcm ekip arkada\u015flar\u0131 ad\u0131na kabul etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patent konusunda gelen sorulara ise \u201c G\u00fcne\u015fi patentleyebilir misiniz?\u201d  \u015feklinde cevap verdi. Kazanaca\u011f\u0131 7 milyar dolardan b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7mi\u015f ve a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n patentini almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hayat kalitesini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara veren Salk 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deme\u00e7te AIDS hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015f\noldu\u011funu belirtti. Fakat \u00f6mr\u00fc bu hayalini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye yetmedi ve 23\nHaziran 1995 tarihinde kalp rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. Milyonlarca \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayat\u0131na dokunan Jonas Salk kimdir?  <\/strong>23.06.2016<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.gidahatti.com\/milyonlarca-cocugun-hayatina-dokunan-jonas-salk-kimdir-58562\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

. SAH\u0130H B\u0130R B\u0130L\u0130M \u0130NSANI-JONAH EDWARD SALK   17.09.2017 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.kirmizilar.com\/tr\/index.php\/genclerden\/2616-sahih-bir-bilim-insani-jonah-edward-salk <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.Jonas Edward Salk Kimdir? https:\/\/www.bilgiustam.com\/jonas-edward-salk-kimdir\/ <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.Jonas Edward Salk<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jonas_Salk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.Jonas Salk kimdir    26.07.2019<\/strong>https:\/\/www.biyografi.net.tr\/jonas-salk-kimdir\/ <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00d6RSEL KAYNAK<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milyonlarca \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayat\u0131na dokunan Jonas Salk kimdir?  23.06.2016<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milyonlarca \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayat\u0131na dokunan Jonas Salk kimdir?<\/a><\/blockquote>