{"id":5901,"date":"2020-06-07T17:32:29","date_gmt":"2020-06-07T14:32:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=5901"},"modified":"2020-06-07T17:46:23","modified_gmt":"2020-06-07T14:46:23","slug":"olumu-yenen-olumlu-sisifos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/olumu-yenen-olumlu-sisifos\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dc YENEN \u00d6L\u00dcML\u00dc: S\u0130S\u0130FOS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc Yenen \u00d6l\u00fcml\u00fc: S\u0130S\u0130FOS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kral Sisifos, Yunan mitolojisinde zek\u00e2s\u0131 ve kurnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tan\u0131n\u0131r.\n\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc iki kere yenmeyi ve tanr\u0131lar\u0131 pek \u00e7ok kez alt etmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f bu kahraman,\n Homeros\u2019a g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fclerin en bilgesidir.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En sonunda da hik\u00e2yesine yak\u0131\u015fan bir ceza alarak hem mitolojide hem de felsefede kendisine sa\u011flam bir yer edinmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi gelin bu kral\u0131n hik\u00e2yesine beraber g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sisifos, bug\u00fcn Korint olarak bilinen Efira\u2019n\u0131n ilk kral\u0131yd\u0131. \u00dclkesine refah getiren bir y\u00f6netici olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen baz\u0131 gelenekleri uygulamayarak tanr\u0131lar\u0131 hafife almas\u0131, tanr\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan sevilmemesine sebep olmu\u015ftu. Bu sevilmeme halinin \u00f6fkeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ise Zeus\u2019un su perisi Aigina\u2019y\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmas\u0131 ile ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zeus kocaman bir kartal \u015feklini alarak Nehir Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Asopos\u2019un\nk\u0131z\u0131 Aigina\u2019y\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131r. K\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak isteyen Nehir Tanr\u0131s\u0131 onlar\u0131 Efira\u2019ya\nkadar takip eder. Ancak hangi y\u00f6ne gittiklerini bilmeyen Asopos, Efira kral\u0131 Sisifos\u2019tan\nyard\u0131m ister. Sisifos ise \u015fehrinden bir nehir ge\u00e7irmesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Zeus\u2019un yerini\nAsopos\u2019a s\u00f6yler. B\u00f6ylece Zeus\u2019un d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan Sisifos\u2019un tanr\u0131larla\nm\u00fccadelesi de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sisifos\u2019a \u00e7ok k\u0131zan Zeus, can\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u201d yani Thanatos\u2019u yollar. Sisifos, Thanatos ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda keskin zek\u00e2s\u0131 ve kurnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile onu zincire vurmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131r ve elinden kurtulur. \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm\u201d zincire vurulunca d\u00fcnyada kaos ba\u015flar. Hi\u00e7 kimsenin \u00f6lmedi\u011fi bir d\u00fcnyada sava\u015flar\u0131n da bir anlam\u0131n\u0131n kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan Sava\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ares, \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm\u201d\u00fc zincirlerinden kurtar\u0131r. <\/strong>Thanatos, ilk i\u015f Sisifos\u2019un can\u0131n\u0131 almaya gider. \u0130kinci kez \u00f6l\u00fcmden ka\u00e7amayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan Sisifos, ba\u015fka bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu planlar. \u00d6lmeden \u00f6nce kar\u0131s\u0131na, kendisi i\u00e7in herhangi bir t\u00f6ren yapmamas\u0131n\u0131 ve cans\u0131z v\u00fccudunu \u015fehrin meydan\u0131na atmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Kar\u0131s\u0131 da Sisifos\u2019un iste\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6l\u00fcler d\u00fcnyas\u0131na gelen Sisifos, plan\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaya koyar. Hades\u2019e,\nkar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n onu do\u011fru \u015fekilde u\u011furlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu y\u00fczden ondan intikam almak i\u00e7in\nya\u015fayanlar\u0131n aras\u0131na d\u00f6nmek istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Hades, Sisifos\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcler d\u00fcnyas\u0131na\ngeri d\u00f6nme s\u00f6z\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ona izin verir. Ancak Sisifos s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tutmaz ve\nd\u00fcnyada kalmaya devam eder. B\u00f6ylece tanr\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ikinci kez yenmi\u015f olur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan iki kez alt edilen tanr\u0131lar, Sisifos\u2019a\n\u00f6l\u00fcmden daha korkun\u00e7 bir ceza vermeye karar verirler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00d6l\u00fcmden daha korkun\u00e7 bir ceza<\/strong>.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sisifos\u2019un cezas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kayay\u0131 sivri bir da\u011f\u0131n tepesine\nkadar yuvarlayarak \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131r. Ancak bu kaya tepeye her ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendi\na\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile d\u00fc\u015fecek ve Sisifos, asla amac\u0131na ula\u015famayacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece Tanr\u0131lar onu beyhude bir \u00e7abaya ve sonu\u00e7suz bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcye hapsetmi\u015f olurlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yenen ve onlar\u0131 alt eden bir \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcye lay\u0131k g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri ceza i\u00e7in; \u201cYarars\u0131z ve umutsuz bir \u00e7abadan daha korkun\u00e7 bir ceza olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdi, o kadar da haks\u0131z say\u0131lmazlard\u0131<\/em>\u201d diyor Albert Camus \u201cSisifos S\u00f6yleni\u2019nde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Homeros\u2019a g\u00f6re hik\u00e2ye burada bitiriyor. Ruhlar \u00fclkesindeki Sisifos hakk\u0131nda herhangi bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylenmemi\u015f. Tek bildi\u011fimiz her seferinde kayay\u0131 t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcyle tepeye kadar ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak tepeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kayan\u0131n saniyeler i\u00e7erisinde tekrar yery\u00fcz\u00fcne yuvarland\u0131\u011f\u0131. Sonra Sisifos\u2019un yery\u00fcz\u00fcne inerek kayay\u0131 tekrar ta\u015f\u0131maya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2026 Tekrar, tekrar ve tekrar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sisifos\u2019un hik\u00e2yesi hakk\u0131nda sizin ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc merak\nediyorum. Kula\u011fa \u00e7ok trajik geliyor de\u011fil mi? Peki bu trajediyi olu\u015fturan as\u0131l unsur\nne?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mesela size hik\u00e2yeyi \u015fu \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131m: \u201cSisifos\u2019un ceza olarak yapmas\u0131 gereken, bir kayay\u0131 yuvarlayarak bir da\u011f\u0131n tepesine ula\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131.\u201d Yine bu kadar trajik gelir miydi? \u00d6l\u00fcmden daha korkun\u00e7 bir ceza der miydiniz? Bu durumda hik\u00e2yedeki trajediyi olu\u015fturan unsurun \u00e7aban\u0131n umutsuz oldu\u011funu \u201cbilmek\u201dten kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz san\u0131r\u0131m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Albert Camus, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cSisifos S\u00f6yleni<\/strong>\u201d isimli denemesinde bunu \u201cuyumsuz<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.  Denemede \u201cuyumsuz\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan insan \u201cher \u015feyi oldu\u011fu gibi g\u00f6ren bilin\u00e7li ki\u015fi\u201d \u015feklinde nitelendirilmektedir.  Camus\u2019a g\u00f6re Sisifos da \u201cuyumsuz\u201d bir kahramand\u0131r ve bu durum onun ilk ba\u015flarda cezas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kedere b\u00fcr\u00fcnmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. \u201cBu s\u00f6ylen \u201ctrajik\u201dse, kahraman bilin\u00e7li oldu\u011fu i\u00e7indir. Ger\u00e7ekten de, her ad\u0131mda ba\u015farma umuduyla desteklenseydi, neden kederli olacakt\u0131<\/em>?\u201d der ve bug\u00fcn\u00fcn insan\u0131n\u0131n da her g\u00fcn ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri tekrarlayarak, ayn\u0131 i\u015fleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek asl\u0131nda bu k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fcye hapsoldu\u011funu, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7li oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 anlar\u0131nda \u201ctrajedi\u201dyi fark etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrer yazar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak Camus\u2019un Sisifos\u2019unu farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan \u015fey, onun bu cezay\u0131\nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirken sevin\u00e7 de duyabilmesidir. Camus Sisifos\u2019un ilk ba\u015flarda\nbilin\u00e7li olmaktan kaynaklanan bir kedere b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ancak sonras\u0131nda\nyazg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lacak bir i\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, yani bu cezay\u0131 kendi \u201ci\u015fi\u201d\nhaline getirdi\u011finden bahseder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSisifos\u2019un t\u00fcm sessiz sevinci buradad\u0131r: yazg\u0131s\u0131 kendisinindir. Kayas\u0131 kendi nesnesidir. Ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, uyumsuz insan da s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde g\u00f6zleme ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, t\u00fcm putlar\u0131 susturur. Birdenbire sessizli\u011fe b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f evrende, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn binlerce hafif, hayran sesi y\u00fckselir.\u201d  <\/em>der ve ekler \u201cG\u00f6lgesiz g\u00fcne\u015f yoktur ve geceyi tan\u0131mak gerekir<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camus\u2019a g\u00f6re uyumsuz insan \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir zaman\ndinmeyece\u011fini kabul eder. Ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda tek bir al\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\nda fark\u0131nda varm\u0131\u015f olur ve bunu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmser. Asl\u0131nda Sisifos\u2019da bu kayay\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p\nindirmek \u00fczerine kurdu\u011fu hayat\u0131nda kederden s\u0131yr\u0131lmay\u0131 tercih ederek tanr\u0131lara\nbir kez daha ba\u015fkald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve ceza \u00e7ekmeyi reddetmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTek bir al\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131\u2026<\/strong>\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcnce, Sisifos\u2019un d\u00fcnyadaki ya\u015fam\u0131 ile bir kayay\u0131 da\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p durmas\u0131na sebep olan cezas\u0131(!) aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok da fark bulam\u0131yorum. \u0130\u00e7erisinde bulundu\u011fumuz d\u00fcnyada bizler de s\u00fcrekli bir d\u00f6ng\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde de\u011fil miyiz? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki, bizim d\u00f6ng\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn, bir kayay\u0131 da\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p durmaktan ne fark\u0131 var? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sisifos\u2019un hayat\u0131 bir da\u011f ve kayadan ibaret oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in mi,\nonu cezal\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve ona ac\u0131yoruz. Bu durumda bizlere ondan daha \u015fansl\u0131\noldu\u011fumuzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren \u015fey hayat\u0131m\u0131zda da\u011flar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, nehirlerin, yollar\u0131n,\normanlar\u0131n vb. di\u011fer d\u00fcnya nesnelerinin bulunmas\u0131 m\u0131? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oysaki insan istedi\u011finde \u201cKaranl\u0131k bir da\u011f\u0131n her bir par\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131 kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir d\u00fcnya olu\u015fturur<\/em>.\u201d Bence herhangi bir cezas\u0131(!) olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hayat\u0131n\u0131 Sisifos\u2019tan daha kederli ge\u00e7iren pek \u00e7ok insan tan\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSisifos\u2019un S\u00f6yleni<\/strong>\u201d denemesinde aranan as\u0131l cevap d\u00fcnyan\u0131n\nya\u015famaya de\u011fer olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Albert Camus\u2019a g\u00f6re tek \u00f6nemli soru budur.  Sisifos\u2019un hik\u00e2yesi ile hayat\u0131 ya\u015famaya de\u011fer\nk\u0131lan\u0131n yine insan oldu\u011funu iddia eden yazar, bunu yapabilecek tek ki\u015finin de yine\nki\u015finin kendisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hayat\u0131n anlam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda sahip oldu\u011fu felsefi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi tam olarak \u00f6z\u00fcmseyememi\u015f olsam da fikirlerine, edebiyat\u0131na ve felsefesine b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131 duydu\u011fum Camus\u2019un g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ve Sisifos hik\u00e2yesini asl\u0131nda sal\u0131ncakta sallanmaya benzetiyorum ben. Hani, bazen o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 sallan\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z ki! Sal\u0131ncak en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131ndayken g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015fabilecek gibi hissedersiniz. Oysaki bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, saniyeler i\u00e7erisinde al\u00e7alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilirsiniz. Sonu\u00e7ta sal\u0131ncaklar yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki ayaklar\u0131n\u0131z yere tekrar de\u011fdi\u011finde ne yapacaks\u0131n\u0131z? G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u011flayarak sallanmay\u0131 b\u0131rakan bir \u00e7ocuk mu olacaks\u0131n\u0131z?  Yoksa her seferinde kahkahalar atarak bu oyunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam m\u0131 edeceksiniz? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A: <\/p>\n\n\n\n