{"id":6429,"date":"2020-07-26T16:57:20","date_gmt":"2020-07-26T13:57:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=6429"},"modified":"2020-09-19T22:56:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-19T19:56:57","slug":"kuduzu-yenen-kisi-louis-pasteur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/kuduzu-yenen-kisi-louis-pasteur\/","title":{"rendered":"KUDUZU YENEN K\u0130\u015e\u0130: LOU\u0130S PASTEUR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Albert_Edelfelt_-Louis_Pasteur<\/em>-_1885.jpg<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBilim hi\u00e7bir \u00fclkeyi tan\u0131maz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilgi b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011fa aittir ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatan bir me\u015faledir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>Louis PASTEUR<\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Louis Pasteur, sadece do\u011fdu\u011fu topraklarda de\u011fil,  t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131 g\u00f6ren bir kimyagerdir. Mikroorganizmalar\u0131n hastal\u0131ktaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc ve a\u015f\u0131larla hastal\u0131klar\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00f6nlenebilece\u011fini ke\u015ffeden ilk bilim insanlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca fermantasyon ve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde mikroorganizmalar\u0131n etkisini a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla, \u015farbon ve kuduz i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirmesiyle bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yer edinmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zel Ya\u015fam\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pasteur, Aral\u0131k 1822’de Fransa’n\u0131n do\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan\nDole \u015fehrinde do\u011fdu. \u0130lkokul y\u0131llar\u0131nda bal\u0131k tutmak, \u00e7izim yapmak en sevdi\u011fi\n\u015feylerdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Besancon\u2019daki Kraliyet Koleji\u2019nden lisans derecesini ald\u0131ktan sonra Fransa\u2019n\u0131n en prestijli okulu olan Ecole Normale Superieure\u2019a ba\u015fvurdu. Pasteur, \u00fcniversite taraf\u0131ndan kabul edildi. Fizik ve kimya alanlar\u0131nda uzmanla\u015ft\u0131. s\u0131ras\u0131yla y\u00fcksek lisans (MSc) ve doktora (PhD) derecelerini ald\u0131.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1849’da Strazburg \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde kimya profes\u00f6r\u00fc olarak g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 sene \u00fcniversite rekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131z\u0131 olan Marie Laurent ile evlendi. \u00c7ift, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011funu \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kaybetti. Sadece iki \u00e7ocu\u011fu hayatta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pasteur i\u00e7in bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir posta pulu https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pasteur_TP.jpg<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Molek\u00fcler Asimetri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pasteur organik maddelerin polarize \u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczlemini d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme\nyetene\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca molek\u00fcler kristal yap\u0131 ile molek\u00fcler konfig\u00fcrasyon\naras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi inceledi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 onu molek\u00fcler asimetrinin sadece\ncanl\u0131 maddelerin \u00f6zelliklerinden biri oldu\u011funa ikna etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Past\u00f6rizasyon<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla fermantasyon s\u00fcrecinde\nmikroorganizmalar\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc ke\u015ffetti. Ayr\u0131ca kirletici mikroorganizmalar\u0131n\ng\u0131dalar\u0131n ek\u015fimesinden yani bozulmas\u0131ndan sorumlu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. O zamana\nkadar bozulman\u0131n oksijenden kaynaklanan bir kimyasal tepkime oldu\u011fu\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bozulmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u0131s\u0131tarak canl\u0131 mikroorganizmalar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fini yani past\u00f6rizasyon <\/strong>y\u00f6ntemini ke\u015ffetti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikrop Teorisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pasteur fermantasyona sebep olan mikroorganizmalar\u0131n havadan\nveya kullan\u0131lan aletlerden geldi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla bir\u00e7ok doktor aletlerini ve\nbandajlar\u0131n\u0131 sterilize etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikrop Teorisi\u2019nin \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu. 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde c\u00fczzam, t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz, difteri, kolera, bubonik veba gibi bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fundan sorumlu bakteriler ke\u015ffedildi ve salg\u0131nlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yeni y\u00f6ntemler ortaya konuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Louis_Pasteur,_by_Alexis_Lemaistre.png<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u015earbon<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015earbon i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir heyecan olu\u015fturduysa\nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir veteriner olan Rossignol, sonu\u00e7lara inanmad\u0131 ve Pasteur\u2019\u00fc halka\na\u00e7\u0131k bir deneye davet etti. Deneyde 25 koyun kontrol grubunda tutulacak ve 25\nkoyun da a\u015f\u0131lanacakt\u0131. Deney kontrol grubundaki koyunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle\nsonu\u00e7land\u0131. Oysaki a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 koyunlar\u0131n hepsi ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu deney sayesinde a\u015f\u0131\nAvrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6tesine bile yay\u0131larak milyonlarca hayvana ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuduz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pasteur\u2019\u00fcn en \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 <\/strong>kuduza kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. O zamanlar kuduza kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131labilecek tek \u015fey \u0131s\u0131r\u0131k yerlerinin koterizasyonuydu (da\u011flama<\/em>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emil Roux ile beraber kuduz vir\u00fcs\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan tav\u015fanlar\u0131n\nomuriliklerini kullanarak a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 \u00fcrettiler ve k\u00f6pekler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan\ndeneylerinde a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Louis_Pasteur_and_his_rabies_patients._Wood_engraving,_1886._Wellcome_L0013785.jpg?uselang=tr<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

6 Temmuz 1885’te, 9 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7ocuk olan Joseph Meister<\/strong> kuduz bir k\u00f6pek taraf\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok yerinden \u0131s\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Doktorlar, teredd\u00fctte olan Pasteur\u2019\u00fc \u00e7ocu\u011fu a\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ikna etti. Kazadan 60 saat sonra ba\u015flayan 14 g\u00fcnl\u00fck tedavi s\u00fcreci ba\u015far\u0131yla bitti. Joseph Meister hayatta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; Pasteur, \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavi etmek i\u00e7in ilk ter\u00f6patik a\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim 1885’te, 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7oban kuduz bir k\u00f6pek taraf\u0131ndan\n\u0131s\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve o da a\u015f\u0131lama ile ba\u015far\u0131yla korundu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim 1886’da Paris’teki Pasteur Laboratuvar\u0131\u2019nda 2490’dan fazla hasta a\u015f\u0131land\u0131. 1726 Frans\u0131z hastas\u0131ndan sadece on tanesi \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuduz a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n evrensel zaferi, 1888’de Pasteur Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fcn<\/strong> kurulmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu. Louis Pasteur, yeni enstit\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 hedef belirledi: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Kuduz tedavisi i\u00e7in bir halk dispanseri<\/strong><\/li>
  • Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezi <\/strong><\/li>
  • Mikrobiyoloji alan\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00f6\u011fretim merkezi <\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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    Pasteur Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc-G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz

    https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lille_Institut_Louis_Pasteur_(1).JPG<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Louis Pasteur, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar Enstit\u00fcye ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    28 Eyl\u00fcl 1895’te bulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ard\u0131nda b\u0131rakarak hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Cesedi Frans\u0131z H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan Notre Dame Katedrali’nde yak\u0131ld\u0131, kal\u0131nt\u0131lar daha sonra Paris’teki Pasteur Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’ndeki mezar\u0131na aktar\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    Pasteur ve Mechnikov (Ukraynal\u0131 mikrobiyolog), tedavi edilen kuduz hastas\u0131 \u00e7ocuklarla
    https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Louis_Pasteur_und_Metschnikow.jpg
    <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u201cThe Private Science\nof Louis Pasteur\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1995\u2019te yay\u0131mlanan \u201cThe Private Science of Louis Pasteur\u201d isimli kitapta Pasteur\u2019\u00fcn defterlerini inceleyen tarih\u00e7i Gerald Geison, defterlere g\u00f6re Pasteur\u2019\u00fcn \u015farbon a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 halka a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde test ederken bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n bulgular\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131p deneyden sonra kendi y\u00f6ntemleriyle a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini ve kuduz a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 test ederken raporlarda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi 50 de\u011fil sadece birka\u00e7 k\u00f6pe\u011fi test etti\u011fini belirtti. Yazar amac\u0131n\u0131n Pasteur\u2019\u00fc karalamak olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtip, ‘Pasteur’un \u015fu anda do\u011fru bilimsel prosed\u00fcrlerden sapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra, ger\u00e7ekten ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc davranmas\u0131n\u0131 ister miydik?’ diye bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar\u0131 ele\u015ftirenler ise laboratuvar defterlerinin karalamalardan olu\u015ftu\u011funu, duygusal i\u00e7eri\u011finin olabilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015fler, bunlardan kesin bir sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir.
    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Mikrop Teorisi’nin geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki videoyu izleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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