{"id":6970,"date":"2020-08-15T19:58:19","date_gmt":"2020-08-15T16:58:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=6970"},"modified":"2020-09-28T13:42:31","modified_gmt":"2020-09-28T10:42:31","slug":"mumyanin-gizemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/mumyanin-gizemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Mumyan\u0131n Gizemi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Diri diri g\u00f6m\u00fclerek Home-Dai lanetiyle \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lan Rahip \u0130mhotep, \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm sadece bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 tabutuna; lanetiyle birlikte 3000 y\u0131ll\u0131k uykusundan uyanacakt\u0131 bir g\u00fcn. (The Mummy, 1999)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stephen Sommers imzal\u0131 \u201cThe Mummy\u201d ve serinin devam filmi \u201cThe Mummy Returns\u201d, 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda e\u011flence sinemas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli filmler olmu\u015f, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 850 milyon dolar has\u0131lat elde ederek kendi d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir gi\u015fe ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ge\u00e7en ve egzotik diyarlar\u0131 fantastik canavarlarla bulu\u015fturan filmler, tarih boyunca ya\u015famla \u00f6l\u00fcm aras\u0131nda bir yerde s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, eziyetli, intikamc\u0131 bir varl\u0131k olarak mumya e\u011filimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki neydi mumyay\u0131 bu kadar gizemli ve enteresan k\u0131lan? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mumyalama antik d\u00fcnyada derin dini \u00f6nemi olan ve genellikle yetenekli uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen, yayg\u0131n ve onurlu bir gelenekti. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu \u00f6l\u00fclere sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermenin ve \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonraki hayata olan inanc\u0131 ifade etmenin en etkin yolu olarak uyguland\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin \u00f6l\u00fclerini mumyalad\u0131klar\u0131 bilinmektedir. En bilinen \u00f6rne\u011fi eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lard\u0131r; ancak \u00c7inliler, Kanarya Adalar\u0131’ndaki eski insanlar, Guanches ve \u0130nkalar da dahil olmak \u00fczere G\u00fcney Amerika’n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok Kolomb \u00f6ncesi toplumu da mumyalamay\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanlar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen mumyalama, \u00f6l\u00fcmden\nsonra bedeni kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak kurutarak ve mumyalayarak koruma i\u015flemidir. Bu\ntipik olarak \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f bir bedenden nemin al\u0131nmas\u0131, eti ve organlar\u0131 kurutmak i\u00e7in\nre\u00e7ine gibi kimyasallar veya do\u011fal koruyucular kullanarak cesedi muhafaza etme\nprosed\u00fcrlerini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mumyalar ayr\u0131ca, “Do\u011fal Mumyalama\u201d olarak bilinen, kas\u0131ts\u0131z veya tesad\u00fcfi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle de olu\u015fabilir. Bu durum ceset a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fu\u011fa, \u00e7ok kuru ko\u015fullara veya \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye kar\u015f\u0131 hafifleten di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlere maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelebilir. Buna \u00f6rnek olarak Avrupa’da do\u011fal olarak korunmu\u015f, bilinen en eski mumya olan buz adam \u00d6tzi; yakla\u015f\u0131k 5300 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, \u0130talyan Alpleri b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda turistler kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffedinceye kadar yo\u011fun kar ve buz sayesinde korunmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/strong>\u015eekil 1. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki do\u011fal olarak korunmu\u015f en \u00fcnl\u00fc<\/strong><\/em>
<\/strong>\u00a0mumyalardan biri olan buz adam \u00d6tzi. <\/strong><\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mumyalama Yapan \u0130lk Uygarl\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanlar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan en eski mumyalar, bilinen ilk\nM\u0131s\u0131r mumyalar\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k iki bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u015eili’nin Camarones Vadisi’nde\nortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu mumyalar, \u015fu anda g\u00fcney Peru ve kuzey \u015eili’de ya\u015fayan\nChinchorro k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne (9.000 ila 3100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce) aittir. Chinchorrolular sadece\nse\u00e7kinler de\u011fil; bebekler, \u00e7ocuklar, yeti\u015fkinler ve hatta fet\u00fcsler dahil t\u00fcm\nkesimleri mumyalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antik M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Mumyalama<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mumyalama en detayl\u0131 ve \u00f6zenli \u015fekline eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ile\nsahip olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk M\u0131s\u0131r mumyalar\u0131, arkeolojik kay\u0131tlarda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak M.\u00d6.\n3500 y\u0131llar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Eski Krall\u0131k veya Piramitler \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131nda\nmumyalama M\u0131s\u0131r toplumunda iyice yerle\u015fmi\u015f, Yeni Krall\u0131k d\u00f6neminde ise teknikler\nm\u00fckemmelle\u015ftirilerek devam ettirilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chinchorro toplumundan farkl\u0131 olarak, eski M\u0131s\u0131r’daki\nmumyalama tipik olarak kraliyet ailesi, asil aileler, h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri ve\nzengin aileler gibi toplumun se\u00e7kin say\u0131lan kesimleri i\u00e7in uygulan\u0131rd\u0131. S\u0131radan\ninsanlar, uygulama pahal\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in nadiren mumyalan\u0131rd\u0131. Daha sonra bu rit\u00fcel\ndaha yayg\u0131n hale geldi ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z at\u00f6lyeler kuruldu. Zanaatkarl\u0131k seviyeleri\nm\u00fc\u015fterilerin ne kadar \u00f6deyebildi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fti. Ayr\u0131ca\nt\u00fcm at\u00f6lyelerden mumyalay\u0131c\u0131lar belli bir anatomik bilgiye sahip olduklar\u0131ndan\nve bir dizi rit\u00fcel ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeleri gerekti\u011finden, hem doktorlar hem de\nrahipler sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcyeleri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski M\u0131s\u0131r’daki mumyalama, toplumun dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131yla derinden i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 bir unsurlar kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlayan inan\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu unsurlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 maddeydi: ki\u015finin v\u00fccudu, g\u00f6lgesi ve ad\u0131. Di\u011fer unsurlar ruhla ili\u015fkilendiriliyordu: \u201cka\u201d veya do\u011fumda al\u0131nan kozmik enerji; \u201cankh\u201d veya hayati nefes; \u201cba\u201d yani ki\u015filik. Bu unsurlar, bir ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde anl\u0131k olarak ayr\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131 ki, bu M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lara g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u0131st\u0131rap kayna\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Mumyalama, \u00f6len ki\u015finin ruhunun kendi bedenini tan\u0131mas\u0131na, sevin\u00e7le ona d\u00f6nmesine ve yeniden do\u011fmas\u0131na izin verirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California \u00dcniversitesi’nde\nM\u0131s\u0131r papir\u00fcsleri* \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan M\u0131s\u0131rbilimci Rita Lucarelli, \u00f6len ki\u015finin\nruhani k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bu yolculu\u011fu yapabilmesi i\u00e7in bedenin sa\u011flam kalmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini\ns\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n mumyalamaya bu kadar \u00f6nem vermelerinin ve bu i\u015flemin\nson derece \u00f6zenle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin nedeni de buydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*: Papir\u00fcs, eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n bu bitkinin saplar\u0131ndan yapt\u0131klar\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da verilen isim. (Kaynak: Turkcebilgi.com)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne yaz\u0131k ki eski M\u0131s\u0131r metinlerinde ger\u00e7ek mumyalama s\u00fcreci hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok az bilgi vard\u0131r ve s\u00fcrecin teknik \u00f6zelliklerinden ziyade mumyalama ile ilgili rit\u00fcellerden bahsedilmi\u015ftir. Uygulaman\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Yunan tarih\u00e7i Herodot (M.\u00d6. 484- 425) gibi M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan kaynaklardan gelmi\u015ftir. Herodot’un \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri “The Histories” de mumyalama s\u00fcrecini olu\u015fturan a\u015famalar ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yo\u011fun M\u0131s\u0131r s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda ayr\u0131\u015fma h\u0131zla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finden, ilk\na\u015fama olduk\u00e7a h\u0131zl\u0131 olurdu. Ibw ad\u0131 verilen ve v\u00fccudun y\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7ici bir\nyap\u0131da \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca \u00f6len ki\u015finin ar\u0131nma rit\u00fceli ger\u00e7ekle\u015firdi. Bunun\nnedeni, organik yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kendili\u011finden yok olmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenmesi olarak\na\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. V\u00fccut, ar\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra mumyalama i\u015fleminin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olan\nwabet’e (saf yer) veya per nefer’e (g\u00fczellik evi) g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada \u00f6nce beyin ve i\u00e7 organlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Beyin tipik olarak burun deliklerinden sokulan kavisli bir metal alet kullan\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rken, di\u011fer organlar obsidyen ta\u015f\u0131 ile karn\u0131n sol taraf\u0131ndan bir kesi yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra elle \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r, bu esnada organlar\u0131n zedelenmemesi i\u00e7in potasyum kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan organlar mumyayla birlikte g\u00f6m\u00fclmek \u00fczere tabutun yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki “Kanopik”<\/em><\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen kavanozlara yerle\u015ftirilirdi. \u00a0M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 doktorlar beynin kan pompalamaktan, kalbin ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve duygudan sorumlu organ oldu\u011funa inand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in beyni muhafaza etmeyi de\u011fil, atmay\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Lucarelli, kalbin her zaman i\u00e7eride kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n, kalbin zekay\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fi i\u00e7in ki\u015finin en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6n\u00fc oldu\u011funa inand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> olarak bilinen cenaze metinleri koleksiyonundaki 27, 28 ve 29 numaral\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcler de bu organ\u0131n v\u00fccuda ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini belirtir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eekil 2. Organlar\u0131n i\u00e7ine konuldu\u011fu kanopik ad\u0131 verilen \u00e7\u00f6mlek kavanozlar.<\/em><\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ard\u0131ndan v\u00fccut bo\u015fluklar\u0131 tala\u015f, kum, saman gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli maddelerle dolduruluyor; b\u00f6cekleri uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, ayr\u0131\u015fma kokular\u0131n\u0131 maskelemek ve etin esnekli\u011fini de muhafaza edebilmek i\u00e7in ete \u00e7e\u015fitli ya\u011flar (\u00f6zellikle sedir ve ard\u0131\u00e7 ya\u011flar\u0131) ve s\u0131v\u0131 re\u00e7ine s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. G\u00f6vde dikilmeden \u00f6nce son olarak \u00c7in tar\u00e7\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcr ve sinameki gibi (yaprak d\u00f6kmeyen a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n kabu\u011fundan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f) \u00e7e\u015fitli aromatik baharatlar koyuluyordu. Yeni Krall\u0131k ve Ge\u00e7 D\u00f6nem mumyalar\u0131nda a\u011fz\u0131, burun kanallar\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer bo\u015fluklar\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in balmumunun da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonraki a\u015fama olan dehidrasyon (nemin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131)\nmumyalama i\u015flemi i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a gerekliydi. Kullan\u0131lan malzeme genellikle tuz\ng\u00f6llerinin yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan hidratl\u0131 bir sodyum karbonat olan kat\u0131 haldeki\nnatrondu. V\u00fccut, 70 g\u00fcne yak\u0131n bu maddenin i\u00e7inde bekletildikten sonra y\u0131kan\u0131r\nve son a\u015famaya ge\u00e7ilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mumyan\u0131n temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi, genellikle mumyalama i\u015fleminin son ad\u0131m\u0131 olan keten sarg\u0131lard\u0131. Sarg\u0131lar\u0131n v\u00fccuda yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131\u015fkan re\u00e7ine uygulan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu son prosed\u00fcr b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ciddiyetle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor, sarg\u0131lar\u0131n v\u00fccudu tamamen sarmas\u0131 g\u00fcnler al\u0131yordu. Her bir eylem, en ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na kadar tamamland\u0131ktan sonra daha fazla koruma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, keten bezinin k\u0131vr\u0131mlar\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u0131ls\u0131m ve b\u00fcy\u00fclere sahip papir\u00fcsler yerle\u015ftirilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eekil 3. Mumyalama i\u015flemi tasviri. <\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6len ki\u015fi se\u00e7kin bir ki\u015fiyse mumya bir maske ile kapat\u0131l\u0131r, kendisini tasvir etmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zenle haz\u0131rlan\u0131p boyanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rkemli bir tabuta konulur ve tabut da bir lahdin i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilirdi. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir nokta da \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131’n\u0131n kitab\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fiyle birlikte konulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kitap, tanr\u0131 Osaris\u2019in sorgulamas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in \u00f6len ki\u015fiye kaynak niteli\u011finde olacakt\u0131r.\u00a0 Cenaze alay\u0131 lahdi mezara,“Sonsuzluk Evi”<\/em><\/strong> ne ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131ktan sonra, \u00f6len ki\u015finin bedeni burada art\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonraki ya\u015fam\u0131n zorluklar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun \u015fekilde donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ruhunun unsurlar\u0131na yeniden kat\u0131labilir ve yeniden do\u011fabilir durumda bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eekil 4. Bir Lahit.<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da mumyalama, Roma’n\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 y\u00f6netti\u011fi d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc\ny\u00fczy\u0131lda yava\u015f yava\u015f ortadan kalkt\u0131. Lucarelli, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fiyle\nmumyalama s\u00fcrecinin durdu\u011fundan bahsetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilinen en \u00fcnl\u00fc mumyalara \u00f6rnek olarak iki \u00f6nemli ismi verebiliriz. Bu isimlerden ilki; Krali\u00e7e Hat\u015fepsut\u2019tur. Krali\u00e7e Hat\u015fepsut bilinen tek kad\u0131n firavun <\/em>olarak M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. M.\u00d6. 1458 y\u0131l\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan bu mumya 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda Krallar Vadisi\u2019nde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eekil 5. Krali\u00e7e Hat\u015fepsut. <\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcn\u00fc olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck olan di\u011fer isim ise Tutankhamun\u2019dur. Tutankhamun\u2019un mumyas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 85 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Krallar Vadisi\u2019nde bulunmu\u015ftur. M.\u00d6. 1323 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan firavunun mezar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kanlar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kahire M\u00fczesi\u2019nde sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u015eekil 6. Firavun Tutankhamun. <\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mumyalama s\u00fcreci, eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n anatomi alan\u0131ndaki bilgilerine ciddi anlamda katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski M\u0131s\u0131r halk\u0131, i\u00e7 organlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorlard\u0131; fakat i\u015flevlerinin ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc takiben v\u00fccudun d\u0131\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcyece\u011finin fark\u0131nda de\u011fillerdi. Bu, doktorlar\u0131n bulgular\u0131 kaydetmesine ve anatomik bilgiye dayal\u0131 cerrahi y\u00f6ntemler geli\u015ftirmesine olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bulgular papir\u00fcslere kaydedilmi\u015f ve doktorlara \u00f6\u011fretilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te mumyalar ve mumyac\u0131l\u0131k, sosyal bilimlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bilim tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu olmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde DNA testi sayesinde kimlikleri tespit edilebilen mumyalar d\u00f6nemlerinin bilinmeyen y\u00f6nlerinin g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131yla d\u00fcnya k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131na sundu\u011fu e\u015fsiz katk\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, modern t\u0131p i\u00e7in de ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011fe sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ek olarak; <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mumyalama i\u015fleminin temel a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bu videoyu\nizleyebilirsiniz: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-MQ5dL9cQX0&feature=youtu.be<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 bir rahip olan Nesyamun’un ses\nyolunu \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu yaz\u0131c\u0131 ile kopyalayarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar. Haberi buradan\nokuyabilirsiniz:https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler-dunya-51230204<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. National Geographic, How to Make a Mummy in 70 Days or\nLess<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/magazine\/2017\/03-04\/egyptian-mummification-technique-process-purpose\/<\/a>\n(Published: April 3, 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Live Science, Mummification: The lost art of embalming\nthe dead<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/mummification.html<\/a>\n(Published: July, 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Schoolhistory.org.uk, Mummification and medical\nknowledge in Ancient Egypt<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/schoolshistory.org.uk\/topics\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Wikipedia, The Mummy (movie, 1999)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mumya_(film,_1999)<\/a>\n(Last edit: July 24, 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. A\u00e7\u0131k Bilim, Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fcz V\u00fccutlar Yaratma\nSanat\u0131: Mumyalama <\/em>(Published: May 1, 2012)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/www.acikbilim.com\/2012\/05\/dosyalar\/eski-misirin-olumsuz-vucutlar-yaratma-sanati-mumyalama.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Wikimedia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Diri diri g\u00f6m\u00fclerek Home-Dai lanetiyle \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lan Rahip \u0130mhotep, \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm sadece bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r.\u201d yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 tabutuna; lanetiyle birlikte 3000 y\u0131ll\u0131k<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":338,"featured_media":6981,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,25,6],"tags":[974,973,975,972,971,967,970,968,66,969],"acf":[],"views":1293,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6970"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/338"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6970"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6970\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7857,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6970\/revisions\/7857"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}