A\u015f\u0131, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nleme ve kald\u0131rma, hastal\u0131klar\u0131n morbidite ve mortilitesini azaltma ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir toplum geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in hem g\u00fcvenilirlik hem de maliyet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle en iyi y\u00f6ntem ve 20. yy\u2019\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flar\u0131ndan biri kabul edilir. (tarihi 18. yy\u2019a kadar gider) Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen a\u015f\u0131lama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sayesinde \u00fclkemiz 1998 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri \u00e7ocuk felcinden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r ve 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cPolio\u2019dan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lge\u201d sertifikas\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u015eu anda ise co\u011frafi konumundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fclkemize yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7ler, g\u00f6\u00e7 eden ki\u015filerin \u00e7o\u011funlukla a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ocuk felcinin tekrar g\u00f6r\u00fclme riskini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.) 2009\u2019da ise \u00fclkemiz maternal ve neonatal tetanozdan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde durum bu kadar parlak iken maalesef ayn\u0131 \u015fey t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc 2017 verilerine g\u00f6re D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda y\u0131lda 1,5 milyon ki\u015fi a\u015f\u0131 ile \u00f6nlenebilir hastal\u0131klardan dolay\u0131 \u00f6lmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ge\u00e7mi\u015fte durum nas\u0131ld\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
18. yy.\u2019da her y\u0131l 400.000 ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep olan \u00e7i\u00e7ek\nhastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 1967 verilerine g\u00f6re sadece o y\u0131lda 15\nmilyon insan\u0131 hasta etti ve bunlar\u0131n 2 milyonu \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u015f\u0131lamada \u00f6nemli bir noktaya gelinmi\u015f bile olsa k\u0131zam\u0131k\nhastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00fcnyada en \u00f6nemli \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcm nedenlerinden biri. Sadece 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 145 000 \u00e7ocuk k\u0131zam\u0131ktan hayat\u0131n\u0131\nkaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6rnekleri \u00e7o\u011faltmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ama bu say\u0131lar a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n belirgin\netkisini, a\u015f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n planl\u0131 \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini anlamam\u0131z\ni\u00e7in yeterli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O halde insanlar neden a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyorlar?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Asl\u0131nda bu durumun temeli 1850 li y\u0131llara, \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye dayanmaktad\u0131r. 1853\u2019te \u0130ngiltere\u2019de olan \u00e7i\u00e7ek salg\u0131n\u0131nda devlet, halka o zaman\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 gere\u011fince detayl\u0131 bilgilendirme yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 zorunlu tutmu\u015f ve reddetmek isteyenlere hapis gibi a\u011f\u0131r cezalar uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan bu uygulamalar insan do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi tepki ile kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zamanla bilin\u00e7lenmenin artmas\u0131yla bu tepki azalsa da \u00f6zellikle son yirmi y\u0131lda bu kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k tekrar ba\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00d6yle ki tehlikeli boyutlara ula\u015fan bu durumun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u2018A\u015f\u0131 Teredd\u00fctleri \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u2019 ad\u0131 ile a\u015f\u0131 reddini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir grup kurmu\u015ftur. \u00dclkemizde ise 2017 verilerine g\u00f6re 23 000 aile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmay\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n iddialar\u0131 neler?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletlerinde 2000-2012 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ve b\u00fct\u00fcn eyaletlerinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, 8 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklarda otizmin 2000-2006 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 150 \u00e7ocukta 1 iken, 2006\u2019dan sonraki d\u00f6nemde 68 \u00e7ocukta 1\u2019e y\u00fckseldi\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir. Otizmden, \u00f6zellikle KKK a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u00e7erisinde bulunan thiomersal maddesinin sorumlu oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Bu bilgiyi literat\u00fcrde destekleyen bilimsel makaleler de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma thiomersal i\u00e7erikli KKK a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 ile otizm aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir. Bu do\u011frultuda D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporda a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7inde koruyucu ama\u00e7la bulunan c\u0131va i\u00e7erikli thiomersal maddelerinin toksik d\u00fczeyde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m\u0131na devam edilmesi gerekti\u011fi \u00f6nerilmektedir Ayr\u0131ca bu iddia ilk olarak 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda cerrah Andrew Wakefield taraf\u0131ndan The Lancet dergisinde ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra British Medical Journal dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan kar\u015f\u0131t makaleler sonucunda Wakefield\u2019\u0131n bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekleri yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Wakefield meslekten ihra\u00e7 edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. \u201cA\u015f\u0131lanma yerine hastal\u0131k ge\u00e7irilerek daha iyi ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flan\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daha \u00f6nce de bahsetti\u011fimiz rakamlara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda durumun pek de \u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. A\u015f\u0131da hastal\u0131k etkenlerinin zay\u0131flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hallerini al\u0131rken, hastal\u0131kta hi\u00e7bir korunmam\u0131z olmadan ger\u00e7ek etkenle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. \u201cTamamlay\u0131c\u0131 ve alternatif t\u0131p daha etkin ve yan etkisi daha azd\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Avusturalya\u2019da bununla ilgili yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 reddedenlerin alternatif t\u0131p y\u00f6ntemlerine daha s\u0131k ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 t\u0131p y\u00f6ntemleri daha do\u011fal, kimyasal olmayan, yan etkisi olmayan, b\u00fcy\u00fck ila\u00e7 \u015firketlerinin para kayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmayan g\u00fcvenilir y\u00f6ntemler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak bu y\u00f6ntemler sadece t\u0131bbi tedaviye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilirler. T\u0131bbi tedavinin yerini tutamazlar. Ayr\u0131ca bu y\u00f6ntemleri uygulayan ki\u015fi ya da ki\u015filerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun e\u011fitimsiz, sertifikas\u0131z ve devlet kontrol\u00fcnden uzak olmas\u0131 \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike arz etmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. \u201cA\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n yan etkilerini bildiren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evet a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n ve a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n etkinli\u011fini art\u0131rmak ve bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in i\u00e7erisine konan di\u011fer maddelerin basit a\u011fr\u0131lardan anafilaksiye kadar bir\u00e7ok yan etkisi olabilir. Ancak a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n yan etkileri hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisi ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha seyrek ve hafif formdad\u0131r. Yarar-zarar dengesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar a\u015f\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131lama lehinedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. \u201c\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi daha tam geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir ve a\u015f\u0131lar ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemine zarar verir. Ayr\u0131ca bebe\u011fe verilen anne s\u00fct\u00fc onu koruyabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bebekler do\u011fumdan itibaren her\ndakika \u00e7ok say\u0131da antijenle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Annesinin v\u00fccudundan ve \u00e7evreden \u00e7ok\nsay\u0131da mikroorganizma bebe\u011fin v\u00fccuduna yerle\u015fir. Bebek ek g\u0131da almaya\nba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise bu mikroorganizmalar\u0131 g\u0131dalarla al\u0131rlar. Bebe\u011fin ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir\nnezle 4-10 farkl\u0131 antijenle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 demektir. A\u015f\u0131larla verilen\nantijenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a az miktardad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca a\u015f\u0131daki\nantijenik uyar\u0131m, do\u011fadakinin aksine kontroll\u00fc bir uyar\u0131md\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anne s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bebe\u011fi hastal\u0131klardan korudu\u011fu su g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez bir ger\u00e7ektir. Hatta hekimler anne s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc bebe\u011fin ilk a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlar. Ancak k\u0131zam\u0131k, k\u0131zam\u0131k\u00e7\u0131k, kabakulak gibi hastal\u0131klarda anne s\u00fct\u00fc yeterli olamaz. Kald\u0131 ki bu hastal\u0131klar bebe\u011fin sadece anne s\u00fct\u00fc ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde de\u011fil \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Anne s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn koruyuculu\u011fu s\u00fct kesilir kesilmez ortadan kalkarken a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n koruyuculu\u011fu y\u0131llar s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. \u201cBaz\u0131 \u2018dini veya felsefi etkinlik kazanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer\u2019 ve baz\u0131 \u2018doktorlar\u2019 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n zararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlatmakta ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na yapt\u0131rmamaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Afrika, Afganistan, Hindistan\u2019da dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131n ve dini liderlerin a\u015f\u0131 retlerinde etkin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. DS\u00d6 \u2018A\u015f\u0131 Teredd\u00fctleri \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u2019 analizine g\u00f6re insanlar\u0131n kendilerini daha bilgili ve fark\u0131ndal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 a\u015f\u0131larla ilgili g\u00fcven sorular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmekte, a\u015f\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131labilirli\u011fi saymazsak dini ve felsefi etkin ki\u015filerin y\u00f6nlendirmeleri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi zor kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 diyaloga ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan bir problem olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dclkemizde ise bu durumun bir benzeri ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 18 Aral\u0131k 2017 de H\u00fcrriyet gazetesinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 habere g\u00f6re Canan Karatay grip a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda al\u00fcminyum oldu\u011funu iddia etti ve a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n gereksiz oldu\u011funu belirtti. Karatay\u2019\u0131n bu iddialar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 31 Aral\u0131k 2017 tarihinde KL\u0130M\u0130K (T\u00fcrk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve \u0130nfeksiyon Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Derne\u011fi) konu ile ilgili bir bas\u0131n bildirisi yapm\u0131\u015f ve bu iddiay\u0131 yalanlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (iki habere de ula\u015fmak isterseniz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki linklerden ziyaret edebilirsiniz.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n
7. \u201cA\u015f\u0131 \u00fcreten firmalar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck gelirler elde etti\u011fi i\u00e7in art niyetli bir \u2018Pazar\u2019 olabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u015f\u0131lar toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren \u00fcr\u00fcnler oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bilimsel kurulu\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan (DS\u00d6, Avrupa Hastal\u0131k Kontrol Merkezi, Uzmanl\u0131k Dernekleri vb) denetlenmektedir. En ufak bir \u015f\u00fcphede ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bilimsel komisyonlar kurulur, burada tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Rotavir\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 bunun en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Temmuz 1999\u2019da Rotavir\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131ma girdikten 10 ay sonra CDC (Hastal\u0131k Kontrol ve Korunma Merkezleri) \u2019nin \u201cA\u015f\u0131 Yan Etki Takip Sistemi\u201d ne gelen raporlarda a\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda 15 \u00e7ocukta ciddi bir hastal\u0131k olan intusepsiyon geli\u015fti\u011finin bildirilmesi \u00fczerine a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 durdurulmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra yap\u0131lan bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ger\u00e7ekten bu yan etkinin a\u015f\u0131dan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterince a\u015f\u0131 piyasadan \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve a\u015f\u0131 firmalar\u0131 bu yan etkiye neden olmayan yeni bir a\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretmi\u015flerdir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak a\u015f\u0131lanma hem bireysel hem kitlesel bak\u0131mdan insano\u011flu i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Aileler \u00f6zellikle sosyal mecralardan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ve tamamen bilimsellikten uzak bu t\u00fcr fikir ak\u0131mlar\u0131na kap\u0131lmamal\u0131 ve ak\u0131llar\u0131nda soru i\u015faretleri varsa dahi bunu konunun uzmanlar\u0131na dan\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. A\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n uygulanmamas\u0131 durumunda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte n\u00fcfusun 3\u2019te 1\u2019ini yok eden salg\u0131nlar\u0131n tekrar ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131saca a\u015f\u0131lar insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indir. A\u015f\u0131 olun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olun. 😊<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haberler i\u00e7in : <\/p>\n\n\n\n
www.klimik.org.tr\/2018\/01\/02\/grip-asisinda-aluminyum-yok\/ <\/p>\n\n\n\n
www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/prof-dr-canan-karatay-grip-asisi-tehlikeli-40682097<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bilim ve Gelecek Dergisi Haziran 2018 \u201cA\u015f\u0131 Kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n\n\u0130ddialar\u0131 ve Ger\u00e7ekler\u201d Prof. Dr. Alpay Azap<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00fczce \u00dcniversitesi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi 2018; 8(1): 34-43 \u201c\u00c7ocuklarda A\u015f\u0131 Uygulamalar\u0131: G\u00fcncel Bir G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irme\u201d Seltap G\u00dcLC\u00dc, Sevda ARSLAN<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.journalagent.com\/kafkas\/pdfs\/KJMS_8_1_71_76.pdf <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A\u015f\u0131, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nleme ve kald\u0131rma, hastal\u0131klar\u0131n morbidite ve mortilitesini azaltma ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir toplum geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in hem g\u00fcvenilirlik hem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"views":1959,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=709"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":723,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions\/723"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/721"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}