{"id":7404,"date":"2020-08-30T23:00:21","date_gmt":"2020-08-30T20:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=7404"},"modified":"2021-01-07T14:39:52","modified_gmt":"2021-01-07T11:39:52","slug":"ikinci-genetik-kimligin-arastirilmasi-insan-mikrobiyom-projesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/ikinci-genetik-kimligin-arastirilmasi-insan-mikrobiyom-projesi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130kinci Genetik Kimli\u011fin Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131: \u0130nsan Mikrobiyom Projesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Her insan\u0131n kendi genetik kimli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Bu kimlik, hastal\u0131klara yatk\u0131nl\u0131kla beraber pek \u00e7ok \u015feyi g\u00f6sterir. Mikroorganizma toplulu\u011fu olarak mikrobiyota da benzer \u015fekildedir. Bireye \u00f6zg\u00fc olmas\u0131yla beraber ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir. Bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 genetik materyale ise mikrobiyom denmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda \u0130nsan Genom Projesinin ard\u0131ndan “\u0130nsan Mikrobiyom Projesi” (HMP) tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(\u0130nsan Mikrobiyom Projesi logosu – NIH Human Microbiome Project)
<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar mikroorganizmalarca zengin be\u015f b\u00f6lge belirledi. Burun, a\u011f\u0131z, gastrointestinal sistem, deri ve \u00fcrogenital sistem analiz edildi. Geleneksel mikrobiyoloji, t\u00fcrleri tek tek incelerken bu projede t\u00fcrleri toplu ele alan metagenomik kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ki a\u015famal\u0131 proje, insan mikrobiyomunu karakterize etmeyi ve hastal\u0131klarla ili\u015fkisini ortaya koymay\u0131 hedefledi. \u0130kinci a\u015fama olan b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirici HMP de kendi i\u00e7inde 3 proje ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Gebelik ve Erken Do\u011fum Projesi logosu – NIH Human Microbiome Project) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Gebelik ve Erken Do\u011fum Projesi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikrobiyota, do\u011fal imm\u00fcnolojik bariyerimize \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flar. Birbirleriyle rekabet etmeleri, antimikrobiyal substans \u00fcretmeleri aralar\u0131nda dengeyi kurar. Bu mekanizmayla vajinada Lactobacillus <\/em>gibi laktik asit \u00fcreten bakteriler uterusu enfeksiyonlardan korur. Gebelik s\u00fcresince Lactobacillus <\/em>t\u00fcrlerinin azalmas\u0131 ve enfeksiyon olu\u015fumu ile erken do\u011fum aras\u0131nda korelasyon g\u00f6steren bir dizi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mevcuttur. Yenido\u011fanlarda en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcm sebebinin erken do\u011fum olmas\u0131, bu konuda daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun yan\u0131\ns\u0131ra do\u011fum y\u00f6nteminin, yenido\u011fan mikrobiyotas\u0131n\u0131 belirledi\u011fi bilinen bir\nger\u00e7ektir. Normal do\u011fumda bebek do\u011fum kanal\u0131na temas eder. Sezaryende ise karna\nat\u0131lan kesikle bebe\u011fin anne derisine temas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130ki do\u011fum y\u00f6ntemi\naras\u0131ndaki bu fark\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in vajinal tohumlama y\u00f6ntemi geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.\nDo\u011fumdan hemen sonra anne vajinas\u0131ndan al\u0131nan s\u00fcr\u00fcnt\u00fc bebe\u011fe s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.\nOlu\u015fabilecek zararlar\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncesinde vajinal k\u00fclt\u00fcr incelenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Tip 2 Diyabetin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Projesi logosu – NIH Human Microbiome Project) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tip 2 Diyabetin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Projesi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tip 2 diyabet tedavisinde beslenme planlamas\u0131 kalori al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131rken bir yandan ba\u011f\u0131rsak mikrobiyota mod\u00fclasyonu yapar. Bu \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir etkile\u015fimdir. G\u0131dalar mikrobiyotay\u0131, mikrobiyota se\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u0131dalar\u0131 etkiler. Bu da ba\u011f\u0131rsak – beyin aks\u0131 ile sa\u011flan\u0131r.  Ayn\u0131 zamanda bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine ve say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re yediklerimizden nas\u0131l yararlanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z belirlenir. \u00d6rne\u011fin diyetle al\u0131nan baz\u0131 polisakkaritler kolonda ba\u015fta Firmicutes<\/em> t\u00fcrleri taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131sa zincirli ya\u011f asitlerine (KZYA) \u00e7evrilir. Bunlar, kolonositler i\u00e7in enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olup anti inflamatuvar, antikarsinojenik, imm\u00fcnomod\u00fclat\u00f6r etki yapar. KZYA, inkrentin seviyesinde art\u0131\u015fa neden olarak dolayl\u0131 yoldan kan \u015fekerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\nSa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131rsak floras\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131rsak ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fini artt\u0131r\u0131r. Bu da bakteriyal lipopolisakkaritlerin (LPS) ge\u00e7i\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. LPS\u2019ler metabolik endotoksemi, proinflamatuar sitokin sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131, ins\u00fclin direncinde artmayla sonu\u00e7lanabilir. \u0130ns\u00fclin direncinin artmas\u0131, tip 2 diyabetin olu\u015fmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlar. \n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(\u0130nflamatuar Ba\u011f\u0131rsak Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (IBD) Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Projesi logosu – NIH Human Microbiome Project) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nflamatuar Ba\u011f\u0131rsak Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (IBD) Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Projesi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nflamatuar ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, genetik ve \u00e7evresel nedenlerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kompleks bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Kroniktir, \u00fclseratif kolit ve crohn hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. \u0130la\u00e7 tedavileri ve cerrahi m\u00fcdahaleler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mikrobiyota manip\u00fclasyonu \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. KZYA\u2019nin anti inflamatuar etkisinden yararlan\u0131labilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Antibiyotikler, fekal mikrobiyota transplantasyonu, probiyotikler denenmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikrobiyota, \u00f6nemi ge\u00e7 ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f ve hala g\u00fcncelli\u011fini koruyan bir aland\u0131r. Otizmden depresyona pek \u00e7ok hastal\u0131kla ili\u015fkilendirilmesi ve terap\u00f6tik a\u00e7\u0131dan umut vadetmesi, daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    Her insan\u0131n kendi genetik kimli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Bu kimlik, hastal\u0131klara yatk\u0131nl\u0131kla beraber pek \u00e7ok \u015feyi g\u00f6sterir. Mikroorganizma toplulu\u011fu olarak mikrobiyota da<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":344,"featured_media":7409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,25],"tags":[95,905,187,894,893,1699,1700,458,1354,1707,635,543,115,810,1698,1697,1696,1706,1709,183,1704,1705,1712,1703,1702,76,926,459,1623,1641,913,1708,66,1710,1701,1711,1681],"acf":[],"views":1300,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7404"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/344"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7404"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9460,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7404\/revisions\/9460"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}