{"id":7497,"date":"2020-09-09T16:43:10","date_gmt":"2020-09-09T13:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=7497"},"modified":"2020-09-09T18:11:38","modified_gmt":"2020-09-09T15:11:38","slug":"yakin-gecmisten-gelen-bilim-tibbi-antropoloji-antropoloji-anthropos-insan-ve-logos-bilim-kelimelerinden-olusmus-insanlarin-kokenini-evrimini-biyolojik-ozelliklerini-toplumsal-ve-kulturel-yon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/yakin-gecmisten-gelen-bilim-tibbi-antropoloji-antropoloji-anthropos-insan-ve-logos-bilim-kelimelerinden-olusmus-insanlarin-kokenini-evrimini-biyolojik-ozelliklerini-toplumsal-ve-kulturel-yon\/","title":{"rendered":"Yak\u0131n Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften Gelen Bilim: T\u0131bbi Antropoloji"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yak\u0131n\nGe\u00e7mi\u015ften Gelen Bilim: T\u0131bbi Antropoloji<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antropoloji,\nanthropos (insan) ve logos (bilim) kelimelerinden olu\u015fmu\u015f, insanlar\u0131n k\u00f6kenini,\nevrimini, biyolojik \u00f6zelliklerini, toplumsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel y\u00f6nlerini ara\u015ft\u0131ran\nbir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r. Alt dallar\u0131ndan olan t\u0131bbi antropoloji, 70\u2019lerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze\nyerli t\u0131p anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlukla sa\u011fl\u0131k ve hastal\u0131k\nkavramlar\u0131n\u0131 toplum ve onu olu\u015fturan de\u011ferlerle birlikte inceleme yoluna\ngitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n,\nsa\u011fl\u0131k ve tedavinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel y\u00f6nleriyle ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131\nantropolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n uyarlanmas\u0131yla t\u0131bbi antropoloji\ntemellendirilmi\u015ftir.Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken hem hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel\naltyap\u0131y\u0131 hem de hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal etkileri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurur.\nHastal\u0131klara k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere g\u00f6re iyile\u015fme yollar\u0131 da \u00f6nerir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fritrof\nCapra der ki: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Ki\u015finin sa\u011fl\u0131kla ilgili durumu\n\u00f6nemli derecede do\u011fal ve toplumsal \u00e7evreye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; \u00f6yleyse bu \u00e7evreden\nba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hi\u00e7bir mutlak sa\u011fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi var olmu\u015f de\u011fildir.”<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k\nbilimleri ve sosyal bilimlerin bulu\u015ftu\u011fu bu alandaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\ntoplum taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcmsenmesiyle ba\u015flar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda\ntedaviye ba\u015flamadan kavramlar\u0131n do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 da bir o kadar de\u011ferlidir.\nBize \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan ve bu kavramlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan t\u0131bbi antropoloji ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda\nyap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar mevcuttur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Margaret\nBoone\u2019nun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bize \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Dr. Margaret Boone, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 1979\u2019da\nWashington D.C.\u2019nin devlet hastanesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131,\nkentsel alanda ya\u015fayan siyahlar aras\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu k\u00f6t\u00fc olan anne ve\nbebeklerin toplumsal-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel temellerini anlama ve bulgular\u0131 ilgili resmi ve\n\u00f6zel kurulu\u015flara iletmekti. Boone, durumu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201c ABD\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6l\u00fcm\noranlar\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek olan\u0131 bebek \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington\nD.C.\u2019de ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00f6len bebek oran\u0131, ABD\u2019nin di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck\n\u015fehirlerine k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha fazlayd\u0131 ve nedeni bilinmiyordu.  Washington\u2019da, ABD\u2019nin geri kalan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu\ngibi, olumsuz ko\u015fullarda ya\u015fayan siyah kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla bebek\n\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, Afrika k\u00f6kenli Amerikal\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir sa\u011fl\u0131k problemi olmu\u015ftu.\nAfro-amerikan bebeklerin \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 beyaz bebeklere g\u00f6re iki kat daha fazlayd\u0131.\nBoone\u2019nin hastanesinde hizmet sunulan kitle, \u00e7o\u011funlukla yoksul\nAfro-Amerikanlard\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boone, bir\nbu\u00e7uk y\u0131lda do\u011fum, \u00f6l\u00fcm ve sa\u011fl\u0131k kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdi. \u0130statistiksel\n\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeler yapt\u0131; bebe\u011fi \u00f6len kad\u0131nlarla, sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6revlileriyle ve\ny\u00f6neticilerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yapt\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 dinledi. Boone\u2019a g\u00f6re, kay\u0131tlar ve\nistatistiksel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeler \u00f6nemliydi; fakat kentli siyahlar\u0131n \u00fcreme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131\nanlamada esas bilgi kayna\u011f\u0131, hastanede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma deneyimi olmu\u015ftu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Boone\u2019un sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, bebek \u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcklerin sebepleri \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Do\u011fum\n\u00f6ncesi sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin al\u0131namamas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Alkol ve\nsigara t\u00fcketimi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Hamilelik\nve hastanede kalma d\u00f6nemlerindeki psikolojik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u015eiddet\nvakalar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Etkisiz\ndo\u011fum kontrol y\u00f6ntemleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Erken\nya\u015fta hamilelik<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Birka\u00e7\nuyu\u015fturucunun ayn\u0131 anda kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 K\u00fclt\u00fcrel etmenler aras\u0131nda ise,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u00d6len\nbebe\u011fin yerine yenisini yapma iste\u011fi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Do\u011facak\n\u00e7ocu\u011fu hesaba katmadan hamile kalma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Aile\nplanlamas\u0131 olmamas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kad\u0131n ve erke\u011fin\naras\u0131nda g\u00fcvensizlik<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Baban\u0131n\naile olu\u015fumunda rol almamas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu\netmenlerin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, bebek \u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle ili\u015fkisi bilinse de, \u00e7o\u011fu etmen\nBoone\u2019un ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Boone\u2019un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6n\nplanda tutularak bebek \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine ili\u015fkin politika ve programlarda k\u00f6kl\u00fc\nde\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Art\u0131k sorunun yaln\u0131zca t\u0131bbi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerle\nhalledilemeyece\u011fi kabul edilmektedir. Afrika k\u00f6kenli Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k\ndurumuyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 toplumsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etmenleri ele almak bile b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerleme\nsa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Yeni sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri bu sistemle y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131bbi\nantropoloji, zaman\u0131m\u0131zda sa\u011fl\u0131kta yeni bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm alan\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Farkl\u0131\ntoplumlardaki hastal\u0131klar ve sa\u011fl\u0131k yorumlamalar\u0131na destek veren t\u0131bbi\nantropoloji D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019 n\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131k tan\u0131m\u0131yla desteklenmektedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSa\u011fl\u0131k;\nyaln\u0131zca bedensel hastal\u0131k ya da engellili\u011fin bulunmas\u0131 demek olmay\u0131p; ayn\u0131\nzamanda toplumsal (sosyal) y\u00f6nlerden de tam bir iyilik durumudur.\u201d            <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(DS\u00d6 Anayasas\u0131,1947)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Capra, Fritjof. Bat\u0131 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde D\u00f6n\u00fcm Noktas\u0131. \u0130stanbul:\n\u0130nsan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/li>
  2. Anderson, Robert, The Aims and Achievements of Medical\nAnthropology-Magic, Science and Health,<\/li>
  3. THE COMING OF AGE OF CRITICAL MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY MERRILL\nSINGER<\/li>
  4. Haviland, W. 2008, K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Antropoloji, Kakt\u00fcs Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    • \"\"<\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Yak\u0131n Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften Gelen Bilim: T\u0131bbi Antropoloji Antropoloji, anthropos (insan) ve logos (bilim) kelimelerinden olu\u015fmu\u015f, insanlar\u0131n k\u00f6kenini, evrimini, biyolojik \u00f6zelliklerini, toplumsal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":364,"featured_media":7522,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[1070,92,1069,1064,265,1068,66,1071],"acf":[],"views":1806,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7497"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/364"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7497"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7497\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7521,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7497\/revisions\/7521"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}