{"id":7810,"date":"2020-09-30T00:01:29","date_gmt":"2020-09-29T21:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=7810"},"modified":"2021-02-07T23:53:34","modified_gmt":"2021-02-07T20:53:34","slug":"mucize-mi-lanet-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/mucize-mi-lanet-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"Mucize mi, Lanet mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
(“Son Ak\u015fam Yeme\u011fi” – Wikimedia Commons) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Bir\n\u00e7o\u011fumuzun a\u015fina oldu\u011fu \u201cSon  Ak\u015fam\nYeme\u011fi\u201d Leonardo da Vinci\u2019nin en \u00fcnl\u00fc eserlerindendir. Duvar \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\nresim, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n tutuklanmadan \u00f6nce havarileriyle yedi\u011fi son ak\u015fam yeme\u011fini\nanlat\u0131r. \u0130nan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re bu yemekte ekmek yenir ve \u015farap i\u00e7ilir. B\u00f6ylece ekmek ve\n\u015farap ayinlerin par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1263 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Bolsena kentindeki ayinde \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir olay ya\u015fan\u0131r. \u0130ddiaya g\u00f6re kilisedeki kutsanm\u0131\u015f ekmek kanamaya ba\u015flar. Katolik Kilisesi, “ekme\u011fin \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n bedenine, \u015farab\u0131n \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n kan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi\u201d inanc\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu sebeple olay\u0131 mucize<\/strong> olarak kabul eder. Aradan y\u0131llar ge\u00e7er. R\u00f6nesans ressamlar\u0131ndan Raphael, ayini Vatikan Saray\u0131\u2019na resmeder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(“Bolsena\u2019daki ayin” \u2013 Wikimedia Commons) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tarihe\nbak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda buna benzer \u00e7ok\u00e7a hikaye kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. En eski kay\u0131t, B\u00fcy\u00fck\n\u0130skender\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck zaferini kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 M.\u00d6. 332 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bahseder. Askerler\nekmeklerinde kan g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve bunu Tyre kentinde kan akaca\u011f\u0131na, \u0130skender\u2019in\nkazanaca\u011f\u0131na yorar. Nitekim \u00f6yle de olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gizemin \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131cak ge\u00e7en bir \u0130talya yaz\u0131nda k\u00f6yl\u00fcler polenta yeme\u011finin k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renk ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark eder. M\u0131s\u0131r unu lapas\u0131ndaki kan\u0131n ilahi lanet<\/strong> oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylentileri yay\u0131l\u0131r. \u201cKanl\u0131 Polenta\u201dy\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar gelir. Eczac\u0131 Bartolomeo Bizio, mantar oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 canl\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131l\u0131\u011fa neden oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Biraz ekmek ile polentay\u0131 nemlendirir ve onlar\u0131 s\u0131cak ortama b\u0131rak\u0131r.\u00a0Yirmi d\u00f6rt saat sonra hem ekmek hem de polenta k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ile kaplan\u0131r. Bizio 1819\u2019da mikroorganizmaya Serratia marcescens<\/em> ismini verir. Serratia, buhar makinas\u0131n\u0131n gemilerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fc olan \u0130talyan fizik\u00e7iyi onurland\u0131rmak i\u00e7indir. Marcescens ise latin k\u00f6kenlidir, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeyi ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Ekmek \u00fczerinde Serratia marcescens<\/em> \u2013 Wikimedia Commons) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonras\u0131nda bakteri oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan Serratia marcescens<\/em>, maceras\u0131na bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda devam eder. \u0130mm\u00fcnoterapinin babas\u0131 William Coley 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda sarkoma ak\u0131l almaz bir tedavi geli\u015ftirir. \u0130\u00e7inde S. marcescens\u2019in<\/em> bulundu\u011fu karma bakteriyal a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 yani Coley toksinlerini ke\u015ffeder. Tedavi do\u011frudan kanser h\u00fccrelerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek yerine imm\u00fcn sistemi harekete ge\u00e7irir. Coley\u2019in a\u015f\u0131s\u0131, yumu\u015fak doku t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmeyi ba\u015far\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bakteri\na\u015f\u0131da kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra t\u0131bbi deneylerde yer almaya devam eder. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n\nba\u015flar\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019ta alt meclis \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda grip salg\u0131n\u0131\nya\u015fan\u0131r. M.H. Gordon\u2019dan meclisteki atmosferik hijyeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 istenir. S. marcescens\u2019li<\/em> s\u0131v\u0131yla gargara yapan\nGordon bo\u015f mecliste Shakespeare\u2019den pasajlar okur. Yeterince uzakta k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\npigmentleri g\u00f6zlemlemesiyle hap\u015f\u0131rmadan veya \u00f6ks\u00fcrmeden konu\u015fman\u0131n da gribi\nyayabilece\u011fini kan\u0131tlar. Havadan bula\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steren tek olay bu de\u011fildir. 1954\u2019de\n\u201cK\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Bebek Bezi Sendromu”nu anlatan bir makale yay\u0131mlan\u0131r. Makale\nyenido\u011fan\u0131n bezindeki Serratia\u2019dan bahseder. Fark edilir ki kaynak aerosol\ndeneyleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Serratia marcescens<\/em> \u2013 Wikimedia Commons) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Biyolojik\nmarker, askeri deneylerin de par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelir. 1950 Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda \u201cDeniz\nSpreyi Operasyonu\u201d ad\u0131yla San Francisco K\u00f6rfez B\u00f6lgesine gizlice bakteri\np\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcr. Deney, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 rengin izlenebilir olmas\u0131yla silah\u0131n etkisini\n\u00f6l\u00e7meyi hedefler. Ekim ay\u0131nda enfeksiyon nedeniyle Stanford Hastanesinde tedavi\ng\u00f6renlerden 1 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder. Y\u0131llar sonra ordu deneyi a\u00e7\u0131klar; fakat\nhastal\u0131klarla ili\u015fkilerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelecek olursak, ilgili gram negatif bakteri f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131 patojen olarak kabul edilmektedir. Sadece insanlar i\u00e7in de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bitki ve hayvanlar i\u00e7in de hastal\u0131k etmenidir. Evlerde mutfak ve banyoda bulunabilse de en \u00e7ok tehlike sa\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer hastanelerdir. Nozokomiyal enfeksiyonlar\u0131n sebeplerinden olup pn\u00f6moni gibi solunum yolu hastal\u0131klar\u0131na, sepsise, idrar yolu enfeksiyonlar\u0131na ve endokardite\u00a0 neden olabilir. \u00d6zellikle yenido\u011fan \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine yol a\u00e7mas\u0131yla bilinir ki \u00fclkemizde de bebek \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Organizman\u0131n\n\u00fcretti\u011fi \u201cKan\u201d incelendi\u011finde antibakteriyal ve antifungal \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr,\nb\u00f6ylece k\u00fcflerle rekabet eder. Asl\u0131nda \u201cKan”\u0131n bilimsel ismi de vard\u0131r:\nProdigiosin. Kelime ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc, harika gibi anlamlardan t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu tarihsel yolcu\u011fu ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda mucize, lanet, toksin\u2026 Sizce hangisi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Gillen, Alan L. and Gibbs, Rebekah, “Serratia marcescens: The Miracle Bacillus” \u00a0Faculty Publications and Presentations<\/em>. 138 (2012 Temmuz) (eri\u015fim 15.09.2020)<\/li>
  2. Selahattin Atmaca, Tuncer \u00d6zekinci, Salim Yakut, Nezahat Akpolat, Kadri G\u00fcl \u201cSerratia T\u00fcrlerinin \u0130dentifikasyonu, Klinik Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, Antibiyotik Duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ANKEM Derg 32(2) (2018 Ocak) 62-71 (eri\u015fim 15.09.2020)<\/li>
  3. Nazzaro G. Etymologia \u201cSerratia marcescens\u201d Emerging Infectious Diseases . 25(11) (2019 Kas\u0131m) 2012 (eri\u015fim 15.09.2020)<\/li>
  4. \u00dclk\u00fc T\u0131ra\u015f, \u00d6mer Erdeve, Orhun \u00c7amurdan, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Dallar \u201cSerratia Marcescens:A Serious Death Causing Agent For Neonates\u201d Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 22(6) (2002) 571-3 (eri\u015fim 15.09.2020)<\/li>
  5. Steven D. Mahlen \u201cSerratia Infections: from Military Experiments to Current Practice\u201d Clin Microbiol Rev. 24:4 (2011 Ekim) 755\u2013791 (eri\u015fim 15.09.2020)<\/li>
  6. Answers In Genesis\u00a0 \u201dMicrobes by Design, Example 2,\u00a0Serratia marcescens\u201d (eri\u015fim 15.09.2020) <\/em>https:\/\/answersingenesis.org\/biology\/microbiology\/microbes-by-design-example-2-serratia-marcescens\/<\/em><\/a> <\/em><\/li>
  7. Antimicrobe. \u201cSerratia marcescens : Masquerader of Blood.\u201d Eri\u015fim 15 Eyl\u00fcl, 2020 <\/em>http:\/\/www.antimicrobe.org\/h04c.files\/history\/serratia.asp<\/em><\/a> <\/em><\/li>
  8. Scientific American. \u201cMiraculous Microbes: They Make Holy Statues “Bleed”–and Can Be Deadly, Too\u201d\u00a0 Eri\u015fim 15 Eyl\u00fcl, 2020 <\/em>https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/serratia-marcescens-bacteria-holy-statues-bleed\/<\/em><\/a> <\/em><\/li>
  9. Wikipedia. \u201cSerratia marcescens\u201d Eri\u015fim 15 Eyl\u00fcl, 2020 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serratia_marcescens<\/a> <\/li>
  10. Wikipedia. \u201cCorporal of Bolsena\u201d Eri\u015fim 15 Eyl\u00fcl, 2020 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corporal_of_Bolsena<\/a> <\/li>
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  12. Wikimedia Commons. \u201cThe Mass at Bolsena\u201d Eri\u015fim 15 Eyl\u00fcl, 2020 https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Massatbolsena.jpg<\/a> <\/li>
  13. Wikimedia Commons. \u201cSerratia marcescens\u201d Eri\u015fim 15 Eyl\u00fcl, 2020 https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Serratia_marcescens.jpg<\/a> <\/li>
  14. Wikimea Commons. \u201cThe Last Supper\u201d Eri\u015fim 15 Eyl\u00fcl, 2020 https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg<\/a> <\/li>
  15. Wikimeda Commons. \u201cBloody bread – Serratia marcescens in action\u201d Eri\u015fim 15 Eyl\u00fcl, 2020 https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bloody_bread_-_Serratia_marcescens_in_action.JPG<\/a> <\/li>
  16. Wikipedia. \u201cSon Ak\u015fam Yeme\u011fi (tablo)\u201d https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Son_Ak%C5%9Fam_Yeme%C4%9Fi_(tablo)<\/a> <\/li>
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  18. Wikipedia. \u201cEucharist\u201d Eri\u015fim 15 Eyl\u00fcl, 2020\u00a0 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eucharist<\/a> <\/li>
  19. Wikipedia. \u201cOperation Sea-Spray\u201d Eri\u015fim 15 Eyl\u00fcl, 2020 https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Sea-Spray<\/a> <\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bir \u00e7o\u011fumuzun a\u015fina oldu\u011fu \u201cSon  Ak\u015fam Yeme\u011fi\u201d Leonardo da Vinci\u2019nin en \u00fcnl\u00fc eserlerindendir. Duvar \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f resim, \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n tutuklanmadan \u00f6nce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":344,"featured_media":7821,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[452,157,1669,187,929,234,73,1674,1685,1682,1667,945,543,643,1680,86,1155,161,1672,1676,755,1677,471,539,1668,1069,1670,1678,926,1654,119,1357,1673,137,1679,552,589,616,1686,1665,110,1671,559,84,1683,66,1684,1681],"acf":[],"views":1504,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7810"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/344"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7810"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9784,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7810\/revisions\/9784"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}