{"id":7882,"date":"2020-10-01T16:28:19","date_gmt":"2020-10-01T13:28:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=7882"},"modified":"2020-10-01T16:28:22","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T13:28:22","slug":"alexander-fleming-penisilin-kesfiyle-modern-tibbin-antibiyotiklere-bakisini-degistiren-degerli-bilim-insanimiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/alexander-fleming-penisilin-kesfiyle-modern-tibbin-antibiyotiklere-bakisini-degistiren-degerli-bilim-insanimiz\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexander Fleming \u2013 Penisilin Ke\u015ffiyle Modern T\u0131bb\u0131n Antibiyotiklere Bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 De\u011fi\u015ftiren De\u011ferli Bilim \u0130nsan\u0131m\u0131z"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Alexander
matematiksel.org<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Alexander Fleming, 6 A\u011fustos 1881 tarihinde \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n Lochfield kentinde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Sekiz karde\u015flerdi.\u00a0 Yedi ya\u015f\u0131ndayken babas\u0131 vefat etti. Babas\u0131n\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra Alexander, annesine ve karde\u015flerine hep destek oldu. Azimli ve \u00f6zverili birisi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131larla dolu bir gelecek onu bekliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fitim Hayat\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Alexander, Louden Moor Okulu, Darvel Okulu ve ard\u0131ndan Kilmarnock\u2019taki akademide iki y\u0131l e\u011fitim ald\u0131. D\u00f6rt y\u0131l boyunca denizcilik nakliye ofisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, azimle \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak Mary \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi’ni kazand\u0131. 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paddington\u2019taki St. Mary Hastanesi T\u0131p Okulu\u2019nda e\u011fitimini ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlad\u0131 ve 1906 y\u0131l\u0131nda mezun oldu. 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alexander,\u00a0 akut bakteri enfeksiyonlar\u0131\u00a0 konulu bir tez haz\u0131rlayarak \u00fcst\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131 belgesi ald\u0131. Alexander, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kana kadar Londra\u2019daki St. Mary Hastanesi\u2019nde hizmet verdi. Stay Mary\u2019de a\u015f\u0131 tedavi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev alan Sir Almroth Edward Wright\u2019in yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6\u011frenci olarak girdi\u011fi St. Mary \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde hayat\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda asistanl\u0131ktan Sir Almroth Edward Wright\u2019in yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na terfi etti. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na h\u0131z kesmeden devam etti ve 1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise bakteriyoloji profes\u00f6r\u00fc <\/em>oldu. 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alexander, enstit\u00fc kimli\u011fine kavu\u015fmu\u015f olan a\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00f6neticili\u011fini Sir Almroth Edward Wrigh\u2019dan devrald\u0131. 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndeki \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revinden emekli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen a\u015f\u0131 enstit\u00fcs\u00fcndeki g\u00f6revine devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Alexander, 1914-1918 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle hekim olarak g\u00f6rev ald\u0131. Cephelerde hekimlik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde askerlerin enfeksiyon sonucu korkun\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine yak\u0131ndan \u015fahit oldu. Sava\u015f\u0131n bitiminden sonra St. Mary\u2019s Hastanesi\u2019ne geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve antiseptikler \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flad\u0131. Laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra St. Mary\u2019de bakteriyoloji dersi verdi. 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alexander, uzun ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu antibiyotik lizozimi bularak g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Penisilin Ke\u015ffi <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
.penisilin form\u00fcl\u00fc
wikipedia.org<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Alexander Fleming\u2019in ke\u015ffetti\u011fi lizozim, Fleming\u2019in i\u00e7inde bir bakteri a\u011f\u0131 olan kaplar\u0131n i\u00e7ine hap\u015f\u0131rmas\u0131 sonucu bulundu. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra fark etti ki mukusla temas eden b\u00f6lgedeki bakteriler \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1928 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda Alexander, stafilokok basili k\u00fclt\u00fcrleriyle bir deney yaparken, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7in laboratuvar havas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131lan k\u00fclt\u00fcr tabakalar\u0131ndan birinin k\u00fcflenmi\u015f oldu\u011funu, bakterilerin k\u00fcf (mantar) tabakas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresinde b\u00fcy\u00fcmekten yoksun kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Mantarlar, Staphylcoccus aureus <\/em><\/strong>bakterisi taraf\u0131ndan sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kaplarda yeti\u015fmi\u015flerdi; fakat dikkatle incelendi\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fcnecekti ki bu mantarlar, zararl\u0131 olma potansiyeli olan bakterileri y\u0131k\u0131yordu, bunun anlam\u0131 \u015fu idi:\u00a0 Mantar zararl\u0131 maddeleri yok ediyordu<\/strong>. Bunun \u00f6nemini hemen anlad\u0131 ve k\u00fcf\u00fc Penicillium\u2019un bir t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131 bakterinin maddesine\u00a0 \u201cPenisilin\u201d\u00a0 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Bir y\u0131l sonra Alexander, penisilin hakk\u0131nda bir makale yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Daha sonra penisilinin zehirleyici olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok zararl\u0131 bakterinin geli\u015fimini engelledi\u011fini kan\u0131tlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fleming, genelde bah\u00e7e topra\u011f\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131, bu da bir kimyager i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a zor bir i\u015fti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bah\u00e7e topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek, elemek, ve i\u00e7inde do\u011fru mantarlar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmek zahmetli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ti. Fleming, bulu\u015funu buradan daha ileriye ta\u015f\u0131yamad\u0131. Howard Florey ve Ernst Boris Chaini,\u00a0 penisilinin etkili bir hale gelmesini sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sayesinde \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ve sonras\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 kurtuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alexander, 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda Royal Society\u2019ye \u00fcye kabul edildi. 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6valye unvan\u0131yla birlikte John Scott onur madalyas\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Ertesi sene meslekta\u015f ve yurtta\u015flar\u0131 Sir Howard Walter Florey ve Ernst Boris Chain ile 1945 Nobel T\u0131p \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc payla\u015ft\u0131. 12 y\u0131l sonra Florey ile Chain klinik bir deneme i\u00e7in yeterli nicelikte penisilini safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p elde etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6d\u00fclleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1945- Nobel Fizyoloji veya T\u0131p \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1944-\u015e\u00f6valyelik unvan\u0131yla birlikte John Scott Onur Madalyas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Alexander Fleming, 74 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi kalp krizi sonucu 11 Mart 1955 tarihinde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Bulu\u015fuyla modern t\u0131bb\u0131n antibiyotiklere bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f, milyonlar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alexander Fleming\u2019in Ba\u015f\u0131ndan Ge\u00e7en \u0130lgin\u00e7 Hikaye <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bir \u0130ngiliz kar\u0131 koca, yanlar\u0131na o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 da alarak yaz tatillerini tabiatla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7irmek \u00fczere \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z k\u0131rlar\u0131na gitmi\u015flerdi.\u00a0 O\u011fullar\u0131, bu tatil g\u00fcnlerinin birinde k\u00f6y\u00fcn hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki koruda tek ba\u015f\u0131na dola\u015fmaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki su birikintisinin dayan\u0131lmaz \u00e7ekicili\u011fine kap\u0131larak orac\u0131kta suya girdi. Ba\u015f\u0131na geleceklerden habersizdi tabi ki. Gen\u00e7 adam, v\u00fccudunu serin su birikintisinin keyfine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki dayan\u0131lmaz bir sanc\u0131yla bir anda ne oldu\u011funa \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Delikanl\u0131n\u0131n aya\u011f\u0131na kramp girmi\u015fti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her kramp bir \u00f6ncekinden daha \u015fiddetli oluyor ve onu ac\u0131lar i\u00e7inde k\u0131vrand\u0131r\u0131yordu. Gen\u00e7 adam birka\u00e7 dakika i\u00e7inde kendini suyun \u00fczerinde tutacak son g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de kaybetti. Hayat m\u00fccadelesini kaybetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissetmi\u015fti ki, deh\u015fet ve panik i\u00e7inde can havliyle ba\u011f\u0131rmaya, yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suyun yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bir yerde, tarlas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan bir k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00e7ocu\u011fu, feryatlar\u0131 duyunca hemen i\u015fini b\u0131rakarak sesin geldi\u011fi tarafa do\u011fru ko\u015ftu. Suyun i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131nmakta olan yabanc\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6ren gen\u00e7 k\u00f6yl\u00fc hemen suya atlayarak delikanl\u0131y\u0131 bo\u011fulmaktan son anda kurtard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Delikanl\u0131n\u0131n\nbabas\u0131, o\u011flunu korkun\u00e7 bir \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtaran gen\u00e7 k\u00f6yl\u00fcye te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmek i\u00e7in\nevine davet etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Delikanl\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131 sohbet s\u0131ras\u0131nda cesur k\u00f6yl\u00fcye gelecekle\nilgili planlar\u0131n\u0131 sordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBabam gibi \u00e7ift\u00e7i olaca\u011f\u0131m maalesef \u201d diye isteksizce cevap\nverdi gen\u00e7 k\u00f6yl\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baba, vefa borcunu \u00f6demek i\u00e7in arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu\u011funu\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBa\u015fka bir \u015fey mi olmak isterdin yoksa\u201d diye sordu gen\u00e7\nk\u00f6yl\u00fcye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEvet \u201cdiye ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sallad\u0131 gen\u00e7 k\u00f6yl\u00fc, \u201cHep doktor olmak isterdim.\nAma bizler fakir insanlar\u0131z. B\u00f6yle pahal\u0131 e\u011fitimi babam kar\u015f\u0131layamaz\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00dcz\u00fclme\u2026 \u0130stedi\u011fin olacak\u2026.\u201d\u00a0 dedi \u0130ngiliz baba. \u201cT\u0131p fak\u00fcltesinde okuman i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layaca\u011f\u0131m\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu\nhadisenin \u00fczerinden \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llar ge\u00e7ti. 1943 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda,  Winston Churchill Kuzey Afrika\u2019da hastaland\u0131.\nZat\u00fcrre te\u015fhisi konmu\u015ftu. Hem de \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli bir zat\u00fcrre. Hemen o g\u00fcnlerde\npenisilin olarak bilinen mucizevi ilac\u0131 ke\u015ffeden Sir Alexander Fleming\u2019e haber\ng\u00f6nderildi. Alexander Fleming, hemen \u0130ngiltere\u2019den u\u00e7a\u011fa binerek Afrika\u2019ya\nula\u015ft\u0131 ve yeni ilac\u0131n\u0131 zat\u00fcrre hastas\u0131 olan \u0130ngiltere Ba\u015fbakan\u0131\u2019na tatbik etti.\nPenisilin ke\u015ffine kadar \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir hastal\u0131k olan zat\u00fcrre, Churchill\u2019i\n\u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015faramad\u0131. Penisilini ke\u015ffeden ve bu ilac\u0131 ile Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 bizzat\ntedavi eden Alexander Fleming, Winston Churchill\u2019in hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0131llar \u00f6nce \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019daki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6lde gen\u00e7 Churchill\u2019i bo\u011fulmaktan kurtaran ve \u00e7ift\u00e7i olacakken baba Churchill\u2019in maddi deste\u011fi sayesinde t\u0131bbiyeyi okuyan gen\u00e7 k\u00f6yl\u00fc, Doktor Alexander Fleming\u2019den ba\u015fkas\u0131 de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Alexander Fleming ve Mucize \u0130la\u00e7 Penisilin<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son g\u00fcncelleme tarihi: 14 Nisan 2020 https:\/\/www.matematiksel.org\/alexander-fleming-ve-mucize-ilac-penisilin <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Alexander Fleming Biyografisi <\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.biyografi.info\/kisi\/alexander-fleming<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3)Alexander Fleming<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Fleming<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alexander Fleming, 6 A\u011fustos 1881 tarihinde \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n Lochfield kentinde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Sekiz karde\u015flerdi.\u00a0 Yedi ya\u015f\u0131ndayken babas\u0131 vefat etti. Babas\u0131n\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":269,"featured_media":7885,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"views":911,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7882"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/269"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7882"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7882\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7891,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7882\/revisions\/7891"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}