{"id":8589,"date":"2020-12-10T16:00:52","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T13:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=8589"},"modified":"2020-12-10T16:05:40","modified_gmt":"2020-12-10T13:05:40","slug":"neandertallerde-kronik-orta-kulak-ilthabi-goruluyordu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/neandertallerde-kronik-orta-kulak-ilthabi-goruluyordu\/","title":{"rendered":"Neandertaller Hakk\u0131nda O \u0130lgin\u00e7 Ger\u00e7ek"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap has-medium-font-size\">\u0130nsanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok konu\u015fmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen az dinleme kabiliyeti oldu\u011fu da k\u00f6\u015fe yazarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bolca dile getirilir. Evrimsel olarak konu\u015fmak gerekirse bu tespitin tutarl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bulunabilir. Hayvanlar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insanlarda i\u015fitmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 problemlere daha s\u0131k rastlan\u0131r.<br> Memelilerde orta kulak, embriyolojik ve evrimsel k\u00f6kenini \u00e7ene kemiklerinden al\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa \u00e7ene anatomisinin kulak yap\u0131s\u0131 ile derin bir ba\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Konu\u015fma, \u00e7ene ve g\u0131rtlak yap\u0131s\u0131nda geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 yeniden yap\u0131lanmalara neden olmu\u015fken, bu yap\u0131lanma orta<br> kulakta yap\u0131sal strese neden olmu\u015ftur. Bu stresin en a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6rne\u011fi, hayvanlarda nadir bir hastal\u0131k olan orta kulak iltihab\u0131n\u0131n insanlarda \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131d\u0131r.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Orta kulak iltihab\u0131 neredeyse tamamen okul \u00f6ncesi \u00e7ocuklarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Yeti\u015fkinlerde vaka say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Bunun sebebi, ilk \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00f6staki borusunun yatay uzan\u0131mda ve k\u0131sa olmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda drenaj\u0131n\u0131n az olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u015f ilerledik\u00e7e \u00f6staki borusu uzayarak d\u00fc\u015fey uzan\u0131m g\u00f6sterir. Ne var ki, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bizden ba\u015fka insan t\u00fcrlerinin yeti\u015fkinlerinin bile orta kulak iltihab\u0131ndan daha fazla muzdarip oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6yle ki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz toplumlar\u0131nda orta kulak iltihab\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ocuklarda en fazla %40 civar\u0131ndayken yeti\u015fkin neandertallerde orta kulak iltihab\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n %100\u2019e yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu tahmin edilir. Pagano ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 bu s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sebebini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada farkl\u0131 kaz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan neandertal kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n topografik noktalar\u0131 i\u015faretlenir. Bilgisayar tomografi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra k\u0131k\u0131rdak \u00f6staki borusunu belirten \u00fc\u00e7 topografik nokta aras\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7gen belirlenir ve b\u00f6ylelikle \u00f6staki borusunun kafatas\u0131ndaki morfolojik ili\u015fkileri analiz edilir. Analizin sonunda yumu\u015fak doku g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-gallery-1 wp-block-gallery alignleft columns-1\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"900\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sphenoid_bone_-_lateral_view2-2.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"8838\" data-link=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?attachment_id=8838\" class=\"wp-image-8838\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sphenoid_bone_-_lateral_view2-2.png 900w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sphenoid_bone_-_lateral_view2-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sphenoid_bone_-_lateral_view2-2-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sphenoid_bone_-_lateral_view2-2-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sphenoid_bone_-_lateral_view2-2-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sphenoid_bone_-_lateral_view2-2-125x125.png 125w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sphenoid_bone_-_lateral_view2-2-110x110.png 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sphenoid_bone_-_lateral_view2-2-420x420.png 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sphenoid_bone_-_lateral_view2-2-430x430.png 430w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><em>Kaynak: wikimedia commons<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Sphenoid ile occipital kemik aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131dan dolay\u0131 \u00fcst solunum yolunda yumu\u015fak dokunun Homo sapiens&#8217;e g\u00f6re daha fazla yatay uzan\u0131m g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bulunur. Bununsonucundan biri de \u00f6staki borusunun yatay uzan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n drenaj\u0131 aksatmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada M. Tensor Veli Palatini\u2019nin tutunma noktas\u0131n\u0131n da farkl\u0131 konumda oldu\u011fu tespit edilir; fakat bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik ile ilgili yorum yapmam\u0131\u015flar. \u00d6staki borusunu a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flev g\u00f6ren M. Tensor Veli Palatini di\u011fer primatlarda k\u0131k\u0131rdak borunun t\u00fcm\u00fcne tutunurken, insanlarda tutunma mesafesi \u00e7ok daha k\u0131sad\u0131r. Bu kas\u0131n tutunma noktas\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkisi makalede bulunmamaktad\u0131r.                                                                                                                                                                                                   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-container-4 wp-block-gallery-3 wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-1\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"803\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Place-de-la-trompe-dEustache-Schema-1-1024x803.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"8839\" data-link=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?attachment_id=8839\" class=\"wp-image-8839\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Place-de-la-trompe-dEustache-Schema-1-1024x803.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Place-de-la-trompe-dEustache-Schema-1-400x314.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Place-de-la-trompe-dEustache-Schema-1-768x602.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Place-de-la-trompe-dEustache-Schema-1-110x86.jpg 110w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Place-de-la-trompe-dEustache-Schema-1-420x329.jpg 420w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Place-de-la-trompe-dEustache-Schema-1-548x430.jpg 548w, https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Place-de-la-trompe-dEustache-Schema-1.jpg 1146w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:center\" class=\"has-small-font-size\">Yeti\u015fkin Homo Sapiens orta kulak yap\u0131s\u0131. \u00d6staki borusunun d\u00fc\u015fey e\u011fimine ve \u00f6staki borusunun \u00fcst\u00fcnde uzanan m. tensor veli palatini&#8217;nin tutunma noktas\u0131n\u0131n inceli\u011fine dikkat ediniz!   <em>kaynak: wikimedia commons<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Neandertallerin kronik orta kulak durumu zat\u00fcrre gibi \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl \u00fcst solunum yolu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n riskini hem artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f hem de bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131 daha \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hale getirmi\u015f olabilir. Konu\u015fabilmenin getirdi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc koordinasyon kabiliyetinin avantaj\u0131 bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n getirdi\u011fi dezavantajlardan \u00e7ok daha bask\u0131n olmal\u0131 ki neandertaller kulak enfeksiyon riski fazla olan sulak alanlar\u0131na dahi<br> yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdi. Ne var ki bu durum Homo sapiens ile rekabet fakt\u00f6r\u00fc olmadan ge\u00e7erlidir. Homo sapiens\u2019lerin neandertallerin b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6\u00e7 ettik\u00e7e neandertallerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sahibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni hastal\u0131klarla tan\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu dezavantaj o zaman di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlerle beraber neandertaller i\u00e7in son darbeyi vurmu\u015f olabilir. Kula\u011f\u0131na sinek ka\u00e7an Nemrut&#8217;un kulak ac\u0131s\u0131ndan kafas\u0131n\u0131 ezdirmesi gib; tek fark\u0131 fark\u0131 kafa ezilmesi yerine ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, bir de beni yan\u0131ltan haf\u0131zam.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/ar.24248\"> Anthony Santino Pagano et al. , Reconstructing the Neanderthal Eustachian Tube: New Insights on Disease Susceptibility, Fitness Cost,and Extinction (2019) <\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31815ddaa0\">Charles D. Blueston, Impact of Evolution on the Eustachian Tube (2009)&nbsp;<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Comparative Anatomy and Phylogeny of Primate Muscles and Human Evolution&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution 6. edition <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yeti\u015fkin neandertallerin hepsinde kronik kulak iltihab\u0131 oldu\u011fu tesbit ediliyor. Peki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde neredeyse sadece \u00e7ocuklarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu hastal\u0131k neandertallerde nas\u0131l kronik hale gelebiliyor? Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 anatomi ile bu konuyu ele ald\u0131m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":363,"featured_media":8841,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[1,25],"tags":[567,132,1435,1086,1186,1433,1434,1068],"acf":[],"views":655,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8589"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/363"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8589"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8880,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8589\/revisions\/8880"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}