{"id":8743,"date":"2020-11-30T00:00:50","date_gmt":"2020-11-29T21:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=8743"},"modified":"2020-11-29T23:16:43","modified_gmt":"2020-11-29T20:16:43","slug":"savasmak-mi-daha-az-bir-sorun-yoksa-etik-savasmamak-mi-daha-buyuk-bir-sorun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/savasmak-mi-daha-az-bir-sorun-yoksa-etik-savasmamak-mi-daha-buyuk-bir-sorun\/","title":{"rendered":"Sava\u015fmak M\u0131 Daha Az Bir Sorun, Yoksa Etik Sava\u015fmamak M\u0131 Daha B\u00fcy\u00fck Bir Sorun?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201c\u2026Bu\ns\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde pek \u00e7ok benzer olayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m. Bir subay arkada\u015f\u0131m, kar\u0131s\u0131 ile\nbirlikte, bomban\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fler ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde \u00e7ok y\u00fczeysel yaralar\u0131n\u0131\ng\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in bizim sahra hastanesine u\u011fram\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Yaralar\u0131 ayakta t\u0131mar\nedildikten sonra evlerine gittiler. Genel durumlar\u0131 \u00e7ok iyiydi fakat iki hafta\nsonra ikisinin birden, a\u011f\u0131z ve burnundan kan bo\u015fanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve her ikisi de\n20 dakika i\u00e7inde cans\u0131z \u015fekilde yere d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fler…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1945\u2019te Nagazaki\u2019deki atom patlamas\u0131ndan sa\u011f kurtulan Taniguchi\u2019nin, Ocak 1946’da USMC foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Joe O’Donnell taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen foto\u011fraf\u0131 <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

6 A\u011fustos 1945\u2019te, at\u0131lan atom bombas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Hiro\u015fima\u2019da<\/em>\nya\u015fananlara birinci elden tan\u0131k olmu\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fc Japon hekim Shuntara Hida<\/em>\nb\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yordu g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini. Dr. Hida\u2019n\u0131n o g\u00fcnlerde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131ndan k\u0131sa\nbir \u00f6rnek daha verece\u011fim ama isterseniz kimyasal ve n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n\nkullan\u0131m\u0131 ve etik olmayan \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi nas\u0131l yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fckleer ya\nda kimyasal silah dendi\u011finde bu silahlar\u0131n tarihinin \u00e7ok da eskiye\ndayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Ta ki biraz daha ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131p asl\u0131nda kimyasal\nsilah kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, insanlar\u0131n sava\u015fmas\u0131 kadar eskilere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 okuyana\nkadar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarihte\ntespit edilebilmi\u015f ilk kimyasal\nsald\u0131r\u0131, M.\u00d6. 600’de Antik Yunan d\u00f6neminde Atina ordusunun Kirrha<\/em> \u015fehrini ku\u015fatmas\u0131nda\nkullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hellebore<\/em> isimli bir\nbitkinin \u015fehrin sular\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile d\u00fc\u015fman askerleriyle sivillerin\nzehirlenmesi \u015feklinde olmu\u015ftur. 1700\u2019de \u0130sve\u00e7 Kral\u0131 XII. Charles Lehistan-Saksonya\nordusuyla sava\u015f\u0131rken, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n Dvina \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u0131rada g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\nperdelemek i\u00e7in ya\u015f saman duman\u0131ndan yararlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilinen bir di\u011fer kimyasal\nsald\u0131r\u0131 ise 1845\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Frans\u0131z askerlerin Cezayir\u2019i i\u015fgali\ns\u0131ras\u0131nda esir ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bin kadar Berberi\u2019yi bir ma\u011faraya hapsedip, ma\u011faran\u0131n\ni\u00e7ine de gaz vererek \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20. yy\u2019a\ngelindi\u011finde, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ile kimyasal ve n\u00fckleer\nsilahlar\u0131n as\u0131l kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanarak, en fazla da \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\ndilimi olmu\u015ftur.  I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda\nAlmanya, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimyasal gazlarla 1 milyondan fazla\nki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi ya da yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6yle ki, I.\nD\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n Almanlar\u0131n aksine \u00e7ok daha sistematik \u015fekilde\nkimyasal gazlar\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130ngilizlerin Alman hatlar\u0131na kimyasal gazlarla\nsald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenledikleri tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Almanlar ise farkl\u0131 cephelerde ke\u015ffettikleri\ns\u0131rayla Klor, Fosgen ve Hardal gazlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda; Nazilerin,\ntoplama kamplar\u0131nda \u00f6zel olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 gaz odalarda hidrojen siyan\u00fcr,\nsaf karbonmonoksit ve Zyklon B gazlar\u0131 vermeleri nedeniyle 3 milyon kadar\nYahudi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda\nAlmanlar Tabun, Sabin, Soman isimli kimyasal silahlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Bu\ngazlar asetilkolinesteraz enzimlerine ba\u011flanarak asetilkolin birikimine ve\nbunun devam\u0131nda parasempatik sistemde hiperaktivite olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kimyasal\ngazlar I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda oldu\u011fu gibi II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda cephelerde\nkullan\u0131lmad\u0131lar ama Endonezya, Laos ve Vietnam\u2019da gerillalar\u0131n sakland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen k\u00f6ylerde bu silahlar denenmi\u015fti. K\u00f6ylerde bu silahlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131yla\nilgili Laos\u2019ta k\u00f6y\u00fc bombalanan bir g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifadesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c… U\u00e7aklar k\u00f6y\u00fcn \u00fczerine iki paket\natt\u0131lar. Yerden iki \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz metre yukarda patlayan paketlerin birinden mavi\n\u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fcnden k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir duman yay\u0131ld\u0131. Dumanlar\u0131 soluyanlar hemen yere\ny\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131lar. Sonra u\u00e7aklar gene geldiler. Bu kez k\u00f6y\u00fcn \u00fczerine sar\u0131 bir toz\nserptiler. Bu tozun sar\u0131 bir ya\u011fmur halinde yere inmesiyle, mecalsiz k\u00f6yl\u00fcler\n\u00f6lmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Burun ve kulaklar\u0131ndan kan f\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131yordu. Her taraflar\u0131\nk\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131klar ve sivilcelerle kaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sudan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bal\u0131k gibi\n\u00e7\u0131rp\u0131n\u0131yorlard\u0131. Derileri \u00f6nce sar\u0131la\u015ft\u0131, sona simsiyah kesildi. Kuyudan su\ni\u00e7enler hemen \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131n\u0131p \u00f6l\u00fcverdiler. Ben k\u00f6y\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131m. Ka\u00e7t\u0131m ama g\u00fcnlerce\nkarn\u0131m a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Hardal gaz\u0131 ile yanm\u0131\u015f bir asker. 1917-1918. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fckleer silahlar\nII. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerinde ABD taraf\u0131ndan iki kez kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lki\n6 A\u011fustos 1945 sabah\u0131, Japonya’n\u0131n Hiro\u015fima<\/em> kentine\nat\u0131lan Little Boy<\/em>(k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk) kod isimli bombad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra\nise Fat Man<\/em>(\u015ei\u015fman adam) kod isimli silah, yine Japonya\u2019n\u0131n, bu\nsefer Nagazaki<\/em> kentine\nat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan bu silahlar neticesinde \u00e7o\u011fu sivil olmak \u00fczere 132.000\nki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze\ngelindi\u011finde en b\u00fcy\u00fck karabasan asl\u0131nda \u00fcretilen kimyasal gazlar\u0131n \u00fcretiminden\nsonra olu\u015fan at\u0131klar\u0131n do\u011fru \u015fekilde yok edilmesi ve kullan\u0131lmasa da\nsaklananlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli \u015fekilde muhafaza edilip edilmemesi sorunudur. Yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki\nkullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlayacak olursak, belki de baz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hat\u0131rlayabilece\u011fi\nyer Suriye olmu\u015ftur. Suriye \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 A\u011f\u0131(SNHR)\u2019n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporda,\nSuriye’de i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan bu yana Esad rejimi muhaliflerin bulundu\u011fu\nyerlere 215 kez kimyasal silah sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu\u011funu kayda ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f\nteknolojileri ve kimyasal silahlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesiyle(!) birlikte bu silahlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde\nkullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 canl\u0131larda farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lan bu\nsilahlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda biz hekimler ne yapabiliyoruz, gelin bir de Sa\u011fl\u0131k\nBakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kimyasal Ve Biyolojik Sava\u015f Ajanlar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131\nKorunma Ve Tedavi Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/em> rehberine ad\u0131n\u0131 en \u00e7ok duydu\u011fumuz\nbirka\u00e7 kimyasal gaz i\u00e7in g\u00f6z atal\u0131m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da kimyasal gazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar\u0131ndan bahsederken ismini ge\u00e7irdi\u011fim Tabun, Sarin, Soman gazlar\u0131 sinir sistemi \u00fczerine etki eden gazlard\u0131r ve en toksik kimyasal ajanlard\u0131r. Spesifik antidotu Atropindir<\/em>. Atropin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise destekleyici tedaviler yap\u0131labilmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pulmoner gaz\nal\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini etkileyip anoksi meydana getirip, sanki su i\u00e7inde bo\u011farak \u00f6ld\u00fcren\ngazlar bo\u011fucu gazlard\u0131r<\/em>. En bilineni\nKlor gaz\u0131d\u0131r. Bo\u011fucu gazlarda hastay\u0131 s\u0131cak tutmak ve belirti olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na\nbak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n inhale steroid vermek yap\u0131labilecek te etkili tedavidir\ndenebilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ad\u0131n\u0131 iyi\nbildi\u011fimiz Hardal<\/em> gazlar\u0131 ise yak\u0131c\u0131(vezikan) gazlard\u0131r<\/em>. Bu gazlar\naktif proliferasyona u\u011frayan hematopoetik h\u00fccreler gibi h\u00fccrelerde sitostatik,\nmutojenik ve sitotoksik etkilere neden olabilmektedirler. Spesifik antidotu BAL(Dimerkaprol)\u2019dur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Size sadece \u00fc\u00e7 grup kimyasal silah\u0131n etkileri ve tedavilerinden k\u0131sa k\u0131sa bahsettim. Bu tedavilerin yan\u0131nda semptomatik ve palyatif tedavilerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pek de bir \u015fey yapam\u0131yoruz. Tabi o da, zaman\u0131nda yeti\u015febildi\u011fimiz hastalar i\u00e7in.\u00a0 Ruhlar\u0131nda kalan hasarlar\u0131 tedavi etmekse belki de bedenlerini tedavi etmekten daha fazla zaman ve emek istiyor. Ne yaz\u0131k ki insanlar, devletler olarak biz h\u00e2l\u00e2 ilkel zamanlardaki gibi sava\u015fmay\u0131, birbirimizi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor; sadece bunu daha etik(!) yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Yaz\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Hiro\u015fima\u2019daki atom bombas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra g\u00f6zlemlerini anlatan Japon hekim Shuntara Hida\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fcz\u00fcn verici bir an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc daha payla\u015fmak istiyorum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026Ba\u015fka\nbir gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n, kuca\u011f\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7ocu\u011fuyla geldi: \u2018Doktor bey, bana yard\u0131m\nedin. Di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fumu kurtaramad\u0131m, \u00f6ld\u00fcler. Ancak bunu kurtarabildim. Biraz\nyaral\u0131 ama ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bunu kurtar\u0131n. Bana, \u00e7ocu\u011fa yard\u0131m edin. Bu ya\u015fas\u0131n doktor\nbey. Ne olur, doktor bey…\u2019 diye durmadan yalvar\u0131yordu…<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Ne yapabilirdik ki? Elimizden gelenleri ard\u0131m\u0131za koymayarak, bir yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Ancak \u00e7ocuk, anas\u0131n\u0131n kollar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yitip gitti. Ana \u00e7ok, a\u011flad\u0131. \u00c7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc ancak o da yap\u0131lacak bir \u015feyin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131. Bize anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 davranmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Onun da yaralar\u0131 art\u0131k d\u00fczeliyordu. Bizim yan\u0131m\u0131zda kalarak, hastane i\u015flerinde bizlere yard\u0131m ediyordu. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra birden t\u00fcm sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, kirpiklerinin d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp, a\u011fz\u0131ndan ve burnundan kan bo\u015fanarak 15 dakika i\u00e7inde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc duydum. Kimse bir \u015fey yapamam\u0131\u015f; birden, cans\u0131z \u015fekilde yere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcvermi\u015fti…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hekim Hida,\ns\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle sonland\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKlasik\nsava\u015f ara\u00e7lar\u0131, pek \u00e7ok insan\u0131, sava\u015fta ya da sava\u015f gerisinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ancak,\natom silahlar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n getirdi\u011fi \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131k bozukluklar\u0131, insanlar\u0131,\nsava\u015f sonras\u0131nda, \u2018bar\u0131\u015f\u2019 d\u00f6nemlerinde de \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye devam ediyor…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Hardal gaz\u0131yla kolu ve s\u0131rt\u0131 yanm\u0131\u015f bir asker. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.Kimyasal silahlar\u0131n tarih\u00e7esi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/genel\/kimyasal-silahlarin-tarihcesi-h420140.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Kimyasal Sava\u015f, Do\u00e7.Dr.Osman G\u00fcrel<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.ttb.org.tr\/eweb\/savas\/3.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Kimyasal Ve Biyolojik Sava\u015f Ajanlar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Korunma Ve Tedavi Y\u00f6ntemleri, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Personeli Rehberi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.ttb.org.tr\/eweb\/savas\/6.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. N\u00fckleer silah<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00d6RSELLER \u0130\u00c7\u0130N KAYNAK\u00c7A:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_weapon#\/media\/File:Sumiteru_Taniguchi_back.jpg<\/a><\/li>
  2. https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kimyasal_silah#\/media\/Dosya:Mustard_gas_burns.jpg<\/a><\/li>
  3. https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Chemical_weapons#\/media\/File:4029877341_e6d27327f3_bBr%C3%BBlureYp%C3%A9rite.jpg<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u201c\u2026Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde pek \u00e7ok benzer olayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m. Bir subay arkada\u015f\u0131m, kar\u0131s\u0131 ile birlikte, bomban\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fler ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde \u00e7ok<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":341,"featured_media":8746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,6],"tags":[1460,1461,1459,1458],"acf":[],"views":680,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/341"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8743"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8754,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8743\/revisions\/8754"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}