{"id":8914,"date":"2020-12-12T20:16:54","date_gmt":"2020-12-12T17:16:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=8914"},"modified":"2020-12-12T21:16:53","modified_gmt":"2020-12-12T18:16:53","slug":"pariltilar-icerisindeki-karanlik-hayatlar-radyum-kizlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/pariltilar-icerisindeki-karanlik-hayatlar-radyum-kizlari\/","title":{"rendered":"PARILTILAR \u0130\u00c7ER\u0130S\u0130NDEK\u0130 KARANLIK HAYATLAR: RADYUM KIZLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-flickr wp-block-embed is-type-photo is-provider-flickr\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/polonium9\/4181937375\/in\/photolist-7nxwhx-AUdVwC-34xfVJ-aw6VVU-28hhBfo-5z2RQk-9jY5yX-7nPbfF-d5ceaq-by6j1V-2jMxWRR-34sHu8-DLWg57-dhwVys-EyAVky-E4kTmk-FDS5nF-Xg1DRU-LVBUh-2k3waJo-EYq9jy-E4kUbB-EyAV6f-6ZU3N4-E4kTAi-W9BzeM-EyAUeW-8wSRYC-EYq8j7-F1HUg4-EXz1NA-7CTinC-E4kU6M-7dKtoU-28jxsWA-9GMS2C-xWtA8s-F1HUYB-27ifgsL-5rVvG-atX5G6-CkMEbc-7uTiw5-8KLYXd-jwRnD-by6iuX-2k53d9G-VcZ6EQ-eP613R-pov6yz\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/2657\/4181937375_ef0569d0c3_c.jpg\" alt=\"vintage crappy Timex radium Self-wind\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Maalesef ki bu yaz\u0131 tozpembe peri masal\u0131 gibi hayat\u0131 olan insanlar\u0131 ya da bilimsel bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ortaya koyarak Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc alan sevgili bilim insanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan birinin ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil, bunlardan ziyade hayat\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ger\u00e7eklerinden biri olan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn kucaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Radyum k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 ve verdikleri onurlu hukuk m\u00fccadelesini ele almakta. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-flickr wp-block-embed is-type-photo is-provider-flickr\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/matthiasstiefel\/27997411021\/in\/photolist-JE33T8-CRS67K-dNx7cp-yAUDFN-xWCkmV-6pKBAA-iUncZ7-yo42vB-yAW5nY-yB17zB-xWu6vW-yAUPNw-dRXVPr-yAXp3m-6Q1DVb-xWvpMo-xWwoiQ-9FJmBR-yReKj5-xWvbx7-yTxgSx-yRfDr1-yAWMMG-jve2p-jAUhw-xWvXn7-yTxsAX-EgYBUw-6Q1FBN-dS4gDG-bYcwXb-bpewgr-yAXQJS-R71A6C-UjMo-Bu4tWg-NRAjRa-2k39TeH-RrREc-RqeHo-62MgMe-iUjAnB-KSp8qB-iUkso9-dNCJ5J-T688be-NxcKH-6gs9jE-nU4hv8-DuHcbW\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/7477\/27997411021_8bd00347d9_c.jpg\" alt=\"Radium (HMM)\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" \/><\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Radyum&#8230;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Simgesi Ra\u2026 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Atom numaras\u0131 88\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Ra; Atom a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 226,5 olan,700 \u00b0C de eriyen, so\u011fukta suyu ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran, radyoaktivitesi y\u00fcksek bir elementtir. Kar\u0131-koca olan, Frans\u0131z Pierre Curie ve Polonya as\u0131ll\u0131 Marie Curie 1898 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir Uranyum filizi olan Pekblend \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlarken bu madenden 900 defa daha radyoaktif olan bir cismin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptad\u0131lar. Sonra da bu cisme Radyum ismini verdiler. Latincede \u0131\u015f\u0131n anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cradius\u201d kelimesinden ilham alarak cismin ad\u0131n\u0131 radyum olarak belirlediler. \u0130\u015fte Radyum da b\u00f6ylece ke\u015ffedilip hayat\u0131m\u0131za girmi\u015f oldu.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000\"><em><strong>\u201cEn sevdi\u011fimiz \u015feylerden biri gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma odam\u0131za girmekti. Duvar dibindeki masan\u0131n \u00fczerinde duran \u015fi\u015felerden yay\u0131lan soluk ye\u015fil par\u0131lt\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye bay\u0131l\u0131yorduk. Bu, bizim i\u00e7in yepyeni ve m\u00fcthi\u015f bir \u015feydi\u2026 Sanki karanl\u0131ktaki periler gibiydiler.\u201d&nbsp; Marie Curie<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><!--StartFragment--><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-flickr wp-block-embed is-type-photo is-provider-flickr\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/iankindred\/32802544017\/in\/photolist-RYDBvK-aoJwwa-BTJ27Q-efdZq5-aoMH7W-aoMH8b-HJfxCD-aoJwvB-RaEcHd-TgQtss-aoMH7Q-C3xb4A-aoJwvT-6hLcZV-6Uvcei-8XULbk-aoJGfT-aoJwwB-aoJGft-aoJGfD-6Sb5jL-QHXTam-9jY7nt-muBKER-BCnFDW-muB94c-bpghJJ-28S5bnj-DTWkme-muD2Wh-2hh4qfr-W5TGHA-6dasw2-T4ZMgE-sT8C8-2hTCBfw-dS4BdQ-JCEMwC-dNCCC5-8ug9K1-ZCeEok-dRY2X4-dhwYCy-yB2oan-DPfRDD-dNx5hT-Dn9cBj-e1wHEN-dNqHzq-6FDZCF\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/32802544017_c546f6ef12_c.jpg\" alt=\"Radium\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" \/><\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>\u00c7o\u011fu ki\u015fi, bu kadar y\u00fcksek enerji i\u00e7eren bir maddenin mutlaka harika ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi konusunda ortak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahipti. Hatta Pierre Curie, koluna 10 saat boyunca bir par\u00e7a radyum ba\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra kolunda yan\u0131k oldu\u011funu fark edince bu maddenin kansere iyi gelece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Bu d\u00f6nemde radyumun siyati\u011fe, lumbagoya, gut hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na, k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe, kansere, hipertansiyona, romatizmaya, \u00e7e\u015fitli cilt hastal\u0131klar\u0131na, \u00f6zetle bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011fa iyi gelece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc h\u00e2kimdi. <\/strong><\/em> <br><em><strong>Radyum\u2019un \u015f\u00f6hreti <\/strong><\/em> <strong><em>bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Avrupa ve Amerika\u2019da bir\u00e7ok firma kozmetik malzemelerinden (ruj, pudra vb.) , parf\u00fcm ve kremlere, di\u015f macunlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ikolata ve pastillere, so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ila\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u00e7ocuk oyuncaklar\u0131na ve hatta i\u00e7me sular\u0131na kadar b\u00fcnyesinde radyum elementi bulunan bir s\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcn sat\u0131\u015fa sunuldu. Kapl\u0131ca gibi yerlerde \u015fifa ama\u00e7l\u0131 radyum tuzlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Buna ek olarak as\u0131l konumuzla ilgili k\u0131sma gelirsek Uranyumdan 1 milyon kat daha fazla radyoaktif olan radyumun kendili\u011finden \u0131\u015f\u0131k yaymas\u0131 nedeniyle radyum tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7inko bir bile\u015fim ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda karanl\u0131kta parlayan fosforlu bir boya \u00fcretilebilece\u011fi bulundu. Karanl\u0131kta par\u0131ldayan bu mucizevi boya, ortama ye\u015filimsi bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. \u0130\u015fte bizim Radyum K\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi de bu boyan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131ndan sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te yakla\u015f\u0131k bir as\u0131r \u00f6nce Amerika\u2019da \u201cUnDark\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan fakat ad\u0131n\u0131n tam aksine, y\u00fczlerce gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 karartan bir \u015firketin kurulu\u015fu ile ba\u015flad\u0131.1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda Amerika\u2019n\u0131n New Jersey eyaletinde Waterbury isimli bir fabrika, saat kadranlar\u0131n\u0131n boyanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 500 civar\u0131nda kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i arand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilan\u0131n\u0131 verdi. \u0130\u015fe al\u0131nan kasabal\u0131 gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar ABD Ordusundaki askerlerin saatlerini karanl\u0131kta da g\u00f6rebilmeleri i\u00e7in saatlerin kadranlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki say\u0131lar\u0131, akrep ve yelkovan\u0131 radyum ile boyuyorlard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece karanl\u0131kta bile par\u0131ldayan saat kadranlar\u0131, sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda askerlerin, d\u00fc\u015fman taraf\u0131ndan fark edilmeden saatin ka\u00e7 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenebilmelerini sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Sava\u015f\u0131n bitmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te de par\u0131ldamas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc dekorasyon ama\u00e7l\u0131 evdeki saatler i\u00e7inde de radyum kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131 ve gittik\u00e7e bu sekt\u00f6r b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-flickr wp-block-embed is-type-photo is-provider-flickr\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/prideoftheirish\/49110861852\/in\/photolist-2hPL1es-otA8XX-2eGTVDf-pVktDz-ToHNaX-2iAJWSp-Tev6d9-2iAHz7b-otzTTx-2iAHz8i-9U7Urz-2iAJWLn-2iAHz6u-otzMBV-2iAJWHm-2iAEVQy-2iAJWJ3-9UaJ4E-otzQdM-DoMbsN-2iAHz3i-2iAHyZs-2iAJWEW-2iAEVFv-2iAJWNG-2iAJWwV-2iAJWvN-2iAEVey-2iAHyFr-2iAEVow-2iAJWuA-2iAJWt3-2iAHyKu-2hPJUzH-2iAHyEp-2iAEVuD-2iAEVjJ-2iAEVpy-2iAEVDM-2iAJWJt-z389ZH-2iAJWdt-2iAEVgc-ynB1EE-2iAJWpF-2iAEVmc-2iAEVkL-2iAEVim-ziA2jG-2iAJWnB\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/49110861852_f8308c079e_c.jpg\" alt=\"Radium Girls-7432\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" \/><\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>G\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 250 tane saat kadran\u0131 boyan\u0131yordu. \u00c7o\u011fu 20\u2019li ya\u015flarda bu gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar kadran ba\u015f\u0131na 0.27 dolar kazan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Boyama i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda radyumlu boyaya dald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 f\u0131r\u00e7ay\u0131 dudaklar\u0131n\u0131n ucuyla inceltip saatlerdeki rakamlar\u0131 ince ve estetik bir \u015fekilde boyuyorlard\u0131. Kendilerine boya olarak kullan\u0131lan maddenin sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131na hi\u00e7bir zarar\u0131 olmayaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Oysa bunun aksine o kadar tehlikeli olan radyumu ne kadar \u00e7ok dudaklar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrlerse o kadar zehirleniyorlar, bir o kadar da hayatlar\u0131 bir mum misali eriyip k\u0131sal\u0131yordu. Boyanan her fazla saat ve bilmeden yuttuklar\u0131 radyumun neredeyse tamam\u0131 v\u00fccutlar\u0131nda birikiyordu. \u00dcstelik kalan radyumu sa\u00e7lar\u0131 daha parlak ve canl\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc sa\u00e7lar\u0131na bile s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>O zamanlarda radyumun bu derece tehlikeli oldu\u011funu halk bilmiyordu. Fakat bu durumu garip yapan esas unsur ise baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n radyumun tehlikelerinden haberdar olmas\u0131yd\u0131. G\u00f6z g\u00f6re g\u00f6re bu radyum \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dur denilmemi\u015f ve bu radyum furyas\u0131 giderek yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama bu durumun sadece seyircisi oldular. Radyum o zamanlarda \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 bir maddeydi ve normal olarak end\u00fcstrilerini bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kuran firmalar\u0131n ve bu firmalarda g\u00f6rev alan bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekleri halka anlatmas\u0131 sistemin \u00e7arklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemezdi. Ne kadar da \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc de\u011fil mi? B\u00fct\u00fcn bu ger\u00e7ekler bariz ortadayken buna g\u00f6z yumuluyordu. Bununla birlikte Radyum k\u0131zlar\u0131 boyalar\u0131 yutarak; sa\u00e7lar\u0131na, dudaklar\u0131na s\u00fcrerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etmelerine ra\u011fmen bilim insanlar\u0131 ve patronlar\u0131ysa fabrika i\u00e7inde gezerken kur\u015fun maske kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>1920\u2019li y\u0131llara do\u011fru k\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00e7enelerinde geli\u015fen t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerle de ilk belirtiler kendisini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u0131zlar teker teker hastalanmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca doktorlar ilk \u00f6nce bunun radyumdan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmediler. Di\u015f eti iltihab\u0131, \u00fclser ve frengi te\u015fhisi koyuyorlard\u0131. Radyum y\u00fcz\u00fcnden k\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00e7ene kemikleri veya di\u011fer kemikleri eriyor, durduk yere k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p par\u00e7alan\u0131yor veya t\u00fcm\u00f6re d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Pek \u00e7o\u011funda sebebi bilinmeyen bir \u015fekilde derin bir kans\u0131zl\u0131k ba\u015f g\u00f6steriyordu. Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde bir grup bilim insan\u0131 bu esrarengiz a\u00e7\u0131klanamayan hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapt\u0131. Yap\u0131lan analizlere g\u00f6re k\u0131zlar\u0131n ciltlerinde ve sa\u00e7lar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek miktarda radyuma rastland\u0131. Hatta soluk verdiklerinde akci\u011ferlerinden radon gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda g\u00f6revli olan Dr. Harrison Martland yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 daha da ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek istemi\u015f ve bu fabrikada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve vefat etmi\u015f 5 ki\u015finin mezarlar\u0131n\u0131 kazd\u0131r\u0131p mezarlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan kemiklerin incelenmesi i\u00e7in laboratuvara g\u00f6nderdi. \u00c7\u0131kan sonuca g\u00f6re tam da tahmin edildi\u011fi gibi kemikler 5 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hala etrafa y\u00fcksek miktarda radyasyon yaymaktayd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Dr. Martland \u015f\u00fcphe b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f oldu. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 da 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda JAMA dergisinde yay\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-flickr wp-block-embed is-type-photo is-provider-flickr\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gaston_christian\/49619629036\/in\/photolist-2iAHyZs-2iAJWEW-2iAEVFv-2iAJWNG-2iAJWwV-2iAJWvN-2iAEVey-2iAHyFr-2iAEVow-2iAJWuA-2iAJWt3-2iAHyKu-2hPJUzH-2iAHyEp-2iAEVuD-2iAEVjJ-2iAEVpy-2iAEVDM-2iAJWJt-z389ZH-2iAJWdt-2iAEVgc-ynB1EE-2iAJWpF-2iAEVmc-2iAEVkL-2iAEVim-ziA2jG-2iAJWnB-2hPJ3eE-z38fsg-2iAJWpa-2hPKVgm-2iAEVmT-2hPJUe2-ziA8rS-2iAHz2X-2iAEVyr-2hPGkJU-JiJvKQ-2iAEVEJ-z38x3k-akHNHQ-bRFBG4-2iAHySP-2iAEVdB-2iAJW8y-2iAHyzu-2iAJWCg-2hPMBQk\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/49619629036_cdf3eb06bd_c.jpg\" alt=\"Radium Girls\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" \/><\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kendisine Radyum k\u0131zlar\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen 5 ki\u015fi (Grace Fryer, Quinta McDonald, Albina Larice, Edna Husman ve Katherine Schaub)&nbsp; Waterbury fabrikas\u0131n\u0131 dava ettiler. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde dava b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ve radyumdan zarar g\u00f6ren daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu davaya kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ne yaz\u0131k ki o d\u00f6nem k\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015firket maddi ve politik anlamda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc ve bu da adalete tesir etmekteydi. Dava uzat\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a uzat\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ancak her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn k\u0131zlar\u0131n rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilerliyordu. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde birinin iki kal\u00e7a kemi\u011fi k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, biri tamamen yatalak hale geldi, bir di\u011feri y\u00fcr\u00fcyemez hale gelmi\u015fti. Hatta aralar\u0131ndan birisi avukat\u0131na \u201cE\u011fer 250.000 dolar\u0131 kazan\u0131rsam cenazeme bir s\u00fcr\u00fc g\u00fcl alabilirim de\u011fil mi?\u201d diye sormu\u015ftu. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u00d6leceklerinin bilincindeydiler en ac\u0131s\u0131. Talep ettikleri tazminat miktar\u0131 ise 250.000 dolard\u0131. Davay\u0131 kazanmalar\u0131 durumunda alacaklar\u0131 tazminat\u0131 zaten doyas\u0131ya harcayamayacaklard\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00f6z konusu olan kendi ya\u015famlar\u0131yd\u0131. Burada \u00f6nemli olan 250.000 dolar de\u011fil onurlu bir \u015fekilde haks\u0131z kapitalist d\u00fczene verilen hukuk m\u00fccadelesiydi. Dava 3 y\u0131l kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve s\u0131rf bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te bile gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlardan 13 tanesi vefat etti. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Davan\u0131n sonucu olarak hayatlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yaln\u0131zca 10.000 dolar ek olarak \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine kadar ki olan zaman dilimi i\u00e7erisinde 600 dolar ayl\u0131k ba\u011flanmas\u0131na ve t\u00fcm t\u0131bbi bak\u0131m \u00fccretlerinin \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denilmesine karar verildi. Fabrikada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu radyum boyas\u0131 zehirlenmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00f6ld\u00fcler ve hala \u00f6len ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde bilinmemektedir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-flickr wp-block-embed is-type-photo is-provider-flickr\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gaston_christian\/49619113458\/in\/photolist-2iAEVJb-A9ThCu-DoMdsQ-91xzYY-2iAHySi-2iAJWiD-w9nxqr-DevyNx-2iAJWRC-2eokFcK-pbTSrN-8jQtK7-ctTvC9-iJ7Mw4-cuxqSw-Uo9er7-2hPMFaM-oL33Sb-DoMcsJ-2hPLEvX-Uo9fjE-eCcv5N-2hPJ6au-oL583p-zhjMxd-akEZ5T-oJ3Pj3-otA4TW-otz9Jg-oL5bWM-oKP1qn-2iAHzaY-oL3pqW-oL5jiR-2hPJZ7U-2iAEVWv-8rzgpD-2fLMyJi-2hPL1es-otA8XX-2eGTVDf-pVktDz-ToHNaX-2iAJWSp-Tev6d9-2iAHz7b-otzTTx-2iAHz8i-9U7Urz-2iAJWLn\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/49619113458_ff8c2b5880_c.jpg\" alt=\"Radium Girls\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" \/><\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme \u015firketin son itiraz\u0131n\u0131 da reddetti. Bundan bir y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde de Amerikan \u0130la\u00e7 ve G\u0131da Dairesi radyum i\u00e7eren \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde paketlenmesine yasak getirdi. Radyumlu boyan\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde yava\u015f yava\u015f azald\u0131. 1968 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana da radyum boyas\u0131 saatlerin \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lmamakta.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Bilimin bizim hayat\u0131m\u0131za katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 onca g\u00fczellik ve hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran bir\u00e7ok icat ve ke\u015ffin yan\u0131nda; yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da yanl\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin eline ge\u00e7ti\u011finde ne kadar tehlikeli olup insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Radyumun zararl\u0131 etkilerinin g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesi ve bir s\u00fcr\u00fc gen\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131n buna ra\u011fmen fabrikalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 tamamen insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir olayd\u0131. Sistemin \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan, neredeyse 20\u2019li ya\u015flarda olan gencecik i\u015f\u00e7i k\u0131zlar\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal oldu bu ya\u015fananlar. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn eninde sonunda gelece\u011fini hepimiz biliyoruz ,onlar da bunun bilincindeydiler ancak bu \u015fekilde olabilece\u011fini bilebilirler miydi ki?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Peki siz \u00f6l\u00fcmle ilgili ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz? Pek \u00e7o\u011fumuz hayat\u0131n ge\u00e7ici \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131s\u0131na aldan\u0131p istek ve arzular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n pe\u015finde t\u00fcketiyoruz \u00f6mr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc. T\u0131pk\u0131 bir kurumu\u015f yaprak misali savruluyoruz ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde. Bir g\u00fcn \u00f6lece\u011fimizi unutup de\u011fersiz ve anlams\u0131z \u015fekilde ya\u015fayabiliyoruz hayat\u0131. Oysa \u00f6l\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131n ikiz karde\u015fi gibi de\u011fil mi? Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her nefesin yar\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015famken yar\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm de\u011fil midir bizim i\u00e7in? Peki d\u00fcnya uykunuzdan uyan\u0131p ya\u015fam\u0131 sorgulamaya cesaretiniz var m\u0131? Bilimi sorgulamaya, tarihi sorgulamaya cesaretiniz var m\u0131? Oynanan oyunlar\u0131 engellemeye veya durdurmaya cesaretimiz var m\u0131? Bir kez geliyoruz bu hayata ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her saniyeyi doyas\u0131ya dolu dolu ya\u015famam\u0131z gerekmez mi? Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her nefesin de\u011ferini bilmemiz, \u015fu k\u0131sac\u0131k hayat\u0131m\u0131zda seyirci olmaktan ziyade oyuncu olmam\u0131z gerekmez mi? Bizden sonraki nesillere g\u00fczellikler b\u0131rakmam\u0131z gerekmez mi ? Hayat elbette ya\u015famaya de\u011fer.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-flickr wp-block-embed is-type-photo is-provider-flickr\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/128038806@N06\/50293340477\/in\/photolist-2jCfvVX-i3STem-2jHUPCA-2je35wc-dPgfqw-jzgPH6-2jdrceq-DnqzY2-2iEVZR8-NRvwyB-2jef9Xo-2iEkJyp-KzpVLy-2iEiyVA-oZvmJ9-DVvTqH-o79f8e-2j166uT-H6hHvw-2j7EtJj-2iVWr6Y-o76sup-2iEVEgX-5JaeRd-9eybTa-2iZqQm2-o3iUEJ-2iEDHBw-77TqGQ-2joeJ5J-2j9Cfgj-2jc9wBe-CY5wPx-8uogs6-a1iH2G-2teETH-vKYiyK-C63ubU-wv9vmo-2ipCCN5-vH5TpN-g5erqn-fikmM-2iEDYDW-23fjR5W-nmFJvv-8EyExp-2iEDTeh-26FAsdk-6xtpEG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/65535\/50293340477_c4855eb3d1_c.jpg\" alt=\"life\" width=\"800\" height=\"417\" \/><\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>YA\u015eAMAYA DA\u0130R <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ya\u015famak \u015fakaya gelmez, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ciddiyetle ya\u015fayacaks\u0131n<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>bir sincap gibi mesela, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>yani, ya\u015faman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00f6tesinde hi\u00e7bir \u015fey beklemeden, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>yani b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fin g\u00fcc\u00fcn ya\u015famak olacak. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ya\u015famay\u0131 ciddiye alacaks\u0131n, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>yani o derecede, \u00f6ylesine ki, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>mesela, kollar\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 arkadan, s\u0131rt\u0131n duvarda,<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>yahut kocaman g\u00f6zl\u00fcklerin, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>beyaz g\u00f6mle\u011finle bir laboratuvarda <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>insanlar i\u00e7in \u00f6lebileceksin, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>hem de y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc bile g\u00f6rmedi\u011fin insanlar i\u00e7in, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>hem de hi\u00e7 kimse seni buna zorlamam\u0131\u015fken, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>hem de en g\u00fczel en ger\u00e7ek \u015feyin <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>ya\u015famak oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fin halde. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Yani, \u00f6ylesine ciddiye alacaks\u0131n ki ya\u015famay\u0131, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>yetmi\u015finde bile, mesela, zeytin dikeceksin, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>hem de \u00f6yle \u00e7ocuklara falan kal\u0131r diye de\u011fil, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u00f6lmekten korktu\u011fun halde \u00f6l\u00fcme inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7in,<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>ya\u015famak yan\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan.<\/em><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n1947 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Diyelim ki, a\u011f\u0131r ameliyatl\u0131k hastay\u0131z, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>yani, beyaz masadan, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>bir daha kalkmamak ihtimali de var. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Duymamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse de biraz erken gitmenin kederini <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>biz yine de g\u00fclece\u011fiz anlat\u0131lan Bekta\u015fi f\u0131kras\u0131na, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>hava ya\u011fmurlu mu, diye bakaca\u011f\u0131z pencereden, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>yahut da sab\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131kla bekleyece\u011fiz <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<em>en son ajans haberlerini. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Diyelim ki, d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmeye de\u011fer bir \u015feyler i\u00e7in, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<em>diyelim ki, cephedeyiz. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Daha orda ilk h\u00fccumda, daha o g\u00fcn <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>y\u00fcz\u00fckoyun kapaklan\u0131p \u00f6lmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Tuhaf bir h\u0131n\u00e7la bilece\u011fiz bunu, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>fakat yine de \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ras\u0131ya merak edece\u011fiz <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>belki y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrecek olan sava\u015f\u0131n sonunu. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Diyelim ki hapisteyiz, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>ya\u015f\u0131m\u0131z da elliye yak\u0131n, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>daha da on sekiz sene olsun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na demir kap\u0131n\u0131n.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Yine de d\u0131\u015far\u0131yla birlikte ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131z, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>insanlar\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131, kavgas\u0131 ve r\u00fczgar\u0131yla <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>yani, duvar\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki d\u0131\u015far\u0131yla. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Yani, nas\u0131l ve nerede olursak olal\u0131m <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>hi\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00fcnmeyecekmi\u015f gibi ya\u015fanacak&#8230;<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n1948 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Bu d\u00fcnya so\u011fuyacak, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bir y\u0131ld\u0131z, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>hem de en ufac\u0131klar\u0131ndan, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>mavi kadifede bir yald\u0131z zerresi yani, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>yani bu koskocaman d\u00fcnyam\u0131z. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Bu d\u00fcnya so\u011fuyacak g\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>hatta bir buz y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>yahut \u00f6l\u00fc bir bulut gibi de de\u011fil, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>bo\u015f bir ceviz gibi yuvarlanacak <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>zifiri karanl\u0131kta u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u015eimdiden \u00e7ekilecek ac\u0131s\u0131 bunun, <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>duyulacak mahzunlu\u011fu \u015fimdiden. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>B\u00f6ylesine sevilecek bu &nbsp;d\u00fcnya <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&#8220;Ya\u015fad\u0131m&#8221; diyebilmen i\u00e7in&#8230;<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Naz\u0131m H\u0130KMET<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Hayat\u0131n\u0131 insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na aday\u0131p bu ama\u00e7 u\u011fruna kendi can\u0131n\u0131 feda eden beyaz \u00f6nl\u00fckl\u00fc kahramanlar ve sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na ithafen\u2026 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>KAYNAK\u00c7A ve \u0130LER\u0130 OKUMA:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><em>Wikipedia \u201cRadium\u201d &nbsp;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radium<\/em><\/li><li><em>Wikipedia \u201cRadium Girls\u201d https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radium_Girls<\/em><\/li><li><em>The Forgotten Story Of The Radium Girls, Whose Deaths Saved Thousands Of Workers&#8217; Lives , Kate Moore , May 5, 2017 <br><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/authorkatemoore\/the-light-that-does-not-lie\"><em>https:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/authorkatemoore\/the-light-that-does-not-lie<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><em>Glow in the Dark, and a Lesson in Scientific Peril, Denise Grady , Oct        6 1998 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/10\/06\/science\/a-glow-in-the-dark-and-a-lesson-in-scientific-peril.html?pagewanted=all\"><em>https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/10\/06\/science\/a-glow-in-the-dark-and-a-lesson-in-scientific-peril.html?pagewanted=all<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em><\/li><li><em> Amerikan Radyum: Karanl\u0131kta Parlayan K\u0131zlar, Mehtap Cengiz, 31.03.2020 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.horobox.com\/inceleme-detay\/amerikan-radyum-karanlikta-parlayan-kizlar\"><em>https:\/\/www.horobox.com\/inceleme-detay\/amerikan-radyum-karanlikta-parlayan-kizlar<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em><\/li><li><em> Radyum K\u0131zlar\u0131, I\u015f\u0131l Ar\u0131can , 3 Aral\u0131k 2014 <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.acikbilim.com\/2014\/12\/dosyalar\/radyum-kizlari.html\"><em>http:\/\/www.acikbilim.com\/2014\/12\/dosyalar\/radyum-kizlari.html<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em><\/li><li><em>Radium Girls , Richard B. Gunderman , Jan 27 2015   <br>DOI: 10.1148\/radiol.14141352<\/em><\/li><li><em> THE RADIUM GIRLS: The Dark Story of America&#8217;s Shining Women, LaMarsh, Robert D, MBA,<br> MS, Feb 2019 <\/em><\/li><li><em> Radium Girls, Women and Industrial Health Reform: 1910-1935 , Claude Clark , Univ of North<br> Carolina Press, 1997 <\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maalesef ki bu yaz\u0131 tozpembe peri masal\u0131 gibi hayat\u0131 olan insanlar\u0131 ya da bilimsel bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ortaya koyarak Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":392,"featured_media":8934,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[678,679,680,1494],"acf":[],"views":1596,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8914"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/392"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8914"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8914\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8931,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8914\/revisions\/8931"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}