![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/55437484_101-1024x1024.jpg\")
Mutasyon Nas\u0131l Fark Edildi ve Ne \u0130fade Ediyor? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
SARS-CoV-2\u2019nin mutasyonlar\u0131, onu takip etmekte olan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubu (COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium) taraf\u0131ndan fark edildi. Nisan 2020\u2019den beri vir\u00fcs\u00fcn kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 mutasyonlar\u0131 takip etmekte olan bilim insanlar\u0131, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019ta bulunan pozitif COVID-19 \u00f6rneklerinden rastgele se\u00e7erek bunlar\u0131n genetik dizilimlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekteydi (Wise, 2020). Varyant\u0131n bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekmesinin nedenlerinden belki de en \u00f6nemlisi biriktirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu mutasyonlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Bu genetik de\u011fi\u015fimlerden bir\u00e7o\u011fu da vir\u00fcs\u00fcn solunum yolu h\u00fccrelerine girebilmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynayan Spike (S) proteini \u00fczerinde bulunmaktayd\u0131 (Rambaut vd., 2020). Ba\u015fka benzer \u00f6zellikleri ile, mekanizmalar\u0131 hen\u00fcz tam anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f olsa da (Joseph, 2020) B.1.1.7\u2019nin daha kolay yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 (CDC, 2021) ve bu y\u00fczden sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemlerinde vaka say\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha a\u011f\u0131r bir y\u00fck yaratabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, bu varyant\u0131n eskilerinden iki kat daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar da bulunmaktad\u0131r (Grabowski vd., 2021). \u00d6nc\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, bu varyant\u0131n di\u011ferlerinden daha a\u011f\u0131r bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir (Public Health England, 2020). Ancak yine de bu h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla B.1.1.7 varyant\u0131, bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131 ve devlet i\u00e7in de bir endi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015f, pandeminin bu noktadan sonraki gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclememesini beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki Ya A\u015f\u0131lar?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Yeni tespit edilen Koronavir\u00fcs varyantlar\u0131n\u0131n belki de en korkutucu y\u00f6n\u00fc, \u015fu anda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam etmekte olan a\u015f\u0131lardan veya ila\u00e7lardan ka\u00e7abilir hale gelme riskidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 geli\u015ftirme a\u015famalar\u0131nda olan Pfizer ve Moderna gibi \u015firketler de \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini farkl\u0131 varyantlar \u00fczerinde test etme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halen bu konuda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7ok fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulunsa da yaz\u0131m\u0131n bu k\u0131sm\u0131nda sizlere \u00f6nc\u00fc bulgulardan bahsetmek istiyorum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu noktada dikkat edilmesi gereken bir di\u011fer konu da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n B.1.1.7\u2019nin sahip oldu\u011fu her mutasyonu birlikte test etmemi\u015f olabilece\u011fidir. Pennsylvania \u00dcniversitesinden Dr. Frederic Bushman, bu duruma dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015f ama ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcretilen a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n bu ve benzeri \u2018varyantlar \u00fczerinde etkili olmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in pek bir sebep olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u2019 belirtmi\u015ftir (Grens, 2021). \u00d6rne\u011fin B.1.1.7\u2019nin de sahip oldu\u011fu S proteiniyle alakal\u0131 N501Y mutasyonunu ele alal\u0131m. Bu mutasyonun vir\u00fcs\u00fcn h\u00fccrelerimize daha kolay ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekte (Rambaut vd., 2020), ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n ve ila\u00e7lar\u0131n etkisini azaltabilme ihtimali endi\u015fe yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, 7 Ocak 2021 tarihinde, bioRxiv\u2019de payla\u015f\u0131lan bir makale, N501Y mutasyonuna sahip vir\u00fcslerle enfekte olmu\u015f ki\u015filerde de Pfizer a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n koruyucu \u00f6zelli\u011finin korundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir (Grens, 2021) (Xie vd., 2021). Pfizer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131, a\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinde N501Y d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 15 farkl\u0131 mutasyonu test etmi\u015f, bir sorun yaratmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmi\u015ftir ve N501Y mutasyonu da yak\u0131n zamanda bu listeye eklenmi\u015ftir (Erman, 2021). Ancak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan a\u015f\u0131lardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin Spike proteinlerini tan\u0131yabilir hale gelmesi prensibi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve protein \u00fczerindeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin vir\u00fcs\u00fcn bu etkiden ka\u00e7abilmesini sa\u011flayabilmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (Joseph, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SARS-CoV-2\u2019ye ait tespit edilen ba\u015fka varyantlar da benzer sorular\u0131 ve endi\u015feleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vir\u00fcslerin mutasyona u\u011framas\u0131 do\u011fald\u0131r ve SARS-CoV-2\u2019nin daha \u2018tehlikeli\u2019 varyantlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 da \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir (Park, 2021). Ancak halihaz\u0131rda vir\u00fcs bizim onu engellemek i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00e7abalardan ka\u00e7maya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fken ilerleyen g\u00fcnlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak mutasyonlar ve varyantlar tedavilerin ve a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n normalde olaca\u011f\u0131 kadar etkili olmamas\u0131na neden olabilir. Bu durumda, bilim insanlar\u0131 COVID-19 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da grip a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 gibi belli aral\u0131klarla g\u00fcncellenmesi gerekece\u011fini tahmin etmektedir (Park, 2021). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak\u00e7a <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
CDC. (2021, Ocak 3). Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants<\/em>. COVID-19. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/more\/science-and-research\/scientific-brief-emerging-variants.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n Department of Health and Social Care. (2020, Aral\u0131k 24). Over 600,000 people get first dose of Pfizer\/BioNTech vaccine<\/em>. GOV.UK. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/over-600000-people-get-first-dose-of-pfizerbiontech-vaccine<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc. (2020, Aral\u0131k 21). SARS-CoV-2 Variant \u2013 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland<\/em>. SARS-CoV-2 Variant \u2013 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; World Health Organization. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/21-december-2020-sars-cov2-variant-united-kingdom\/en\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n Erman, M. (2021, Ocak 8). Pfizer\/BioNTech vaccine appears effective against mutation in new coronavirus variants -study. Reuters<\/em>. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/uk-health-coronavirus-pfizer-vaccine-idUSKBN29D0DV<\/p>\n\n\n\n European Medicines Agency (EMA). (2020). Treatments and vaccines for COVID-19<\/em>. Treatments and Vaccines for COVID-19. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/human-regulatory\/overview\/public-health-threats\/coronavirus-disease-covid-19\/treatments-vaccines-covid-19<\/p>\n\n\n\n Falconer, R. (2020, Aral\u0131k 27). New coronavirus variant spreads to North America, Japan and several EU countries<\/em>. Axios. https:\/\/www.axios.com\/covid-19-variant-canada-japan-eu-c9266832-476d-47c3-8226-ba61fa26cceb.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n Grabowski, F., Preibisch, G., Kocha\u0144czyk, M., & Lipniacki, T. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 Variant Under Investigation 202012\/01 has more than twofold replicative advantage. MedRxiv<\/em>, 2020.12.28.20248906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.12.28.20248906<\/p>\n\n\n\n Grens, K. (2021, Ocak 8). Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Variant Does Not Affect Vaccine: Study<\/em>. The Scientist Magazine. https:\/\/www.the-scientist.com\/news-opinion\/mutation-in-sars-cov-2-variant-does-not-affect-vaccine-study-68330<\/p>\n\n\n\n Joseph, A. (2020, Aral\u0131k 21). The big, looming questions about the new variant of the coronavirus. STAT<\/em>. https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2020\/12\/21\/looming-questions-new-variant-coronavirus\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n Park, A. (2021, Ocak 7). The COVID-19 Virus Is Mutating. What Does That Mean for Vaccines?<\/em> Time. https:\/\/time.com\/5927538\/covid-19-mutations-vaccines\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n Public Health England. (2020, Aral\u0131k 21). Investigation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant<\/em>. https:\/\/kdvr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2020\/12\/Public-Health-England-B.1.1.7-coronavirus-variant-report-2.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rambaut, A., Loman, N., Pybus, O., Barclay, W., Barrett, J., Carabelli, A., Connor, T., Peacock, T., Robertson, D. L., & Volz, E. (2020, Aral\u0131k 19). Preliminary genomic characterisation of an emergent SARS-CoV-2 lineage in the UK defined by a novel set of spike mutations<\/em>. Virological. https:\/\/virological.org\/t\/preliminary-genomic-characterisation-of-an-emergent-sars-cov-2-lineage-in-the-uk-defined-by-a-novel-set-of-spike-mutations\/563<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thomas, L. (2021, Ocak 6). Researchers claim SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant likely to become globally dominant<\/em>. News-Medical.Net. https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/news\/20210106\/Researchers-claim-SARS-CoV-2-B117-variant-likely-to-become-globally-dominant.aspx<\/p>\n\n\n\n Wise, J. (2020). Covid-19: New coronavirus variant is identified in UK. BMJ<\/em>, 371<\/em>, m4857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m4857<\/p>\n\n\n\n Xie, X., Zou, J., Fontes-Garfias, C. R., Xia, H., Swanson, K. A., Cutler, M., Cooper, D., Menachery, V. D., Weaver, S., Dormitzer, P. R., & Shi, P.-Y. (2021). Neutralization of N501Y mutant SARS-CoV-2 by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited sera. bioRxiv<\/em>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.01.07.425740<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Aral\u0131k ay\u0131, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede onaylanan ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flanan COVID-19 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 ile -\u00e7o\u011fumuz i\u00e7in- y\u0131l\u0131n geri kalan\u0131na k\u0131yasla daha umut dolu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":273,"featured_media":9525,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[95,1722,1724,1061,693,115,92,956,1723,695,159],"acf":[],"views":527,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9521"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/273"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9521"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9524,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9521\/revisions\/9524"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}