{"id":9536,"date":"2021-01-12T16:34:33","date_gmt":"2021-01-12T13:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/?p=9536"},"modified":"2021-01-12T16:39:32","modified_gmt":"2021-01-12T13:39:32","slug":"icimizdeki-ciglik-edvard-munch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ulubat.org\/index.php\/genel\/icimizdeki-ciglik-edvard-munch\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u00c7\u0130M\u0130ZDEK\u0130 SESS\u0130Z \u201c\u00c7I\u011eLIK\u201d EDVARD MUNCH"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n\"Melancholy,_1891_Edvard_Munch\"<\/a>\n<\/div>
Melancholy,Edvard Munch,1891<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Varolu\u015fundan bu yana insano\u011flu kendi i\u00e7sel ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015fa yans\u0131tma arac\u0131 olarak \u00e7o\u011fu zaman sanat\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131llardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f sanat eserleri de v\u00fccut buldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemin ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, toplumsal birtak\u0131m olaylar\u0131n\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, eseri meydana getiren ki\u015finin diyalekti\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bize bir\u00e7ok ipucu vermektedir. Bu nedenle sanat ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bireyin kendini ifade etmesinde bir ara\u00e7 ve toplumsal hayat\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018 \u0130nsan\u0131n bir zamanlar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu duyguyu kendinde canland\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra ayn\u0131 duyguyu ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n da hissedebilmesi i\u00e7in hareket, ses, \u00e7izgi, renk veya kelimelerle belirlenen bi\u00e7imlerle ifade etme ihtiyac\u0131ndan sanat ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u2019<\/strong><\/em><\/p>

Tolstoy <\/p>

<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte sanat denildi\u011finde akla ilk g\u00fczellik kavram\u0131 gelir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sanat g\u00fczel olan\u0131 g\u00fczel bir \u015fekilde ortaya koymak ister. G\u00fczel sanatlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bu \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sanat kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinde de bir\u00e7ok filozofun farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc vard\u0131r. \u00d6rnek verirsek Aristoteles sanat\u0131n do\u011fada var olan g\u00fczelli\u011fi taklit ederek ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak Hegel onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak sanattaki g\u00fczelli\u011fin tabiattaki g\u00fczellikten farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve sanat\u0131n sanat\u00e7\u0131dan ruh almas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6znel oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Yani Hegel\u2019e g\u00f6re sanat, maddeye sokulan ve maddeyi kendine benzeten sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ruhuydu. Bunun yan\u0131nda Shiller de ger\u00e7ek estetik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n oyun d\u00fcnyas\u0131 oldu\u011fu insan\u0131n sadece oyun esnas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek insan olabilece\u011fini ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrce davran\u0131p hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc anca b\u00f6yle yans\u0131tabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kant\u2019a g\u00f6re de sanat\u0131n kendi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir amac\u0131 yoktur. Onun tek amac\u0131 kendisidir. John Dewey\u2019e g\u00f6re de sanatsal yarat\u0131m sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresinden etkile\u015fimiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7evrenin sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 besledi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemektedir. Ancak takdir edersiniz ki g\u00fczellik g\u00f6receli bir kavramd\u0131r. Kendi i\u00e7erisinde tutarl\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00e7irkin, ac\u0131 verici eserler estetik a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fczel olabilir. Bununla birlikte g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de sanat\u0131n duygusal ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel etkileme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olu\u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc daha bask\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Jealousy,<\/a>\n<\/div>
Jealousy,Edvard Munch,1907<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Resim ve heykelde antik Yunan, Roma ve R\u00f6nesans sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 klasik taklit ile eserlerini ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131r. Romantizm ve Realizm sanat ak\u0131mlar\u0131na mensup olanlar\u0131n eserlerinde de tabiattaki varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve olaylar\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fine uygun bir \u015fekilde i\u015flemi\u015flerdir. Bi\u00e7imden ziyade renk pe\u015finde ko\u015fan empresyonizm, insan\u0131n bilin\u00e7alt\u0131n\u0131 ve duygu d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015fa vurmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ekspresyonizm ve bunlardan farkl\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ek \u00fcst\u00fcne ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u00fcrrealizm gibi ak\u0131mlar sanat tarihinde fazlas\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"the_persistence_of_memory_-_1931_salvador_dali\"<\/a>\n<\/div>
The Persistence Of Memory,Salvador Dali (S\u00fcrrealizm)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\"Monet\"<\/a>\n<\/div>
Claude Monet (Empresyonizm)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Toplum, sanat\u00e7\u0131 ve sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ekspresyonist yakla\u015f\u0131mlar bir nevi sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015fa vurumu olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle anlat\u0131lamayan duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler sanat yap\u0131tlar\u0131 yoluyla bize b\u00f6yle yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131tlar onlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan ki\u015filerin ruhsal durumlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bize bilgi verir ve izleyenler \u00fczerinde derin duygusal etkiler yarat\u0131r. Bu durumda sanatsal yap\u0131tlar\u0131n psikolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan incelenmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ruhsal durumu s\u00fcrekli tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konular aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, depresif durumda olan yazarlar\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olup, bir\u00e7o\u011fu da bu durumun aksini s\u00f6ylemektedir. Bu durum tam olarak ayd\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f olsa dahi bir ger\u00e7ek vard\u0131r ki o da sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ruhsal durumlar i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu ve ciddi mental rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar i\u00e7inde bo\u011fu\u015ftu\u011fudur. Ki\u015fideki depresif belirtiler, yap\u0131lan \u00e7o\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda kendini ele vermektedir. Bir\u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n biyografileri ile ilgili geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunan Haynel, Rentchnik, Pollock, Jaminson\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda, yarat\u0131c\u0131 \u015fair, romanc\u0131, filozof, besteci, heykelt\u0131ra\u015f ve ressamlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funun a\u011f\u0131r bir travma ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (ana baba kayb\u0131 vb.) \u00fczerine durmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Kendinize<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Depresyon, bir\u00e7ok sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n eserinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bir kavram olmu\u015ftur. Depresyon s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Latince k\u00f6k\u00fc \u201cdepressus\u201d dur; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru bast\u0131rmak, \u00e7ekmek, kederli, bitkin, gaml\u0131, cesaretini k\u0131rmak, donukla\u015ft\u0131rmak, durgunla\u015ft\u0131rmak gibi bir\u00e7ok anlamlara gelmektedir Depresyonun en eski tan\u0131mlar\u0131 M.\u00d6 4. yy\u2019de ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan\u2018\u2019t\u0131bb\u0131n babas\u0131\u2019\u2019 olarak bilinen Hippocrates\u2019e kadar dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bili\u015fsel terapinin kurucusu olan Beck\u2019 e g\u00f6re depresyon yanl\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelerden dolay\u0131 olur. Beck, depresyona yatk\u0131n olan insanlar\u0131n bili\u015fsel d\u00fczeylerinde zihinlerinde \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f kal\u0131plar\u0131 ve bili\u015fler bulundu\u011funu ifade eder. Bununla birlikte bunlar\u0131n duygulan\u0131m\u0131 bozup depresyona yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Rado, psikoanalitik kuram i\u00e7erisinde depresyonu bir sevgi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re depresif ki\u015fi, s\u00fcrekli kendisini be\u011fendirme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7indedir. Ki\u015fi kendisine g\u00fcvensizdir. Depresyonu temelde \u00e7aresizlik olarak tan\u0131mlayan Rado; sevgi nesnesinin kaybedilmesi durumunda depresyonda olan ki\u015finin tepkisi k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k, \u00f6fkeyle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r, bununla beraber ki\u015fi bu nesnenin kayb\u0131ndan kendini sorumlu tutarak depresif belirtiler ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini savunuyor. Horney`e g\u00f6re depresyon; reddedici ana-baba taraf\u0131ndan yeti\u015ftirilen \u00e7ocu\u011fun, yaln\u0131zl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvensizlik duygusuyla b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7ocu\u011fun sevilmeye ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r ama ele\u015ftirilmekten, reddedilmekten korkar, b\u00f6ylece al\u0131nganl\u0131k, umutsuzluk duygular\u0131 ve depresyon duygular\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DEPRESYON <\/strong><\/p>

\u00e7ok yaln\u0131z\u0131m, mutsuzum<\/p>

g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm gibi de\u011filim asl\u0131nda<\/p>

karanl\u0131klarda kaybolmu\u015fum<\/p>

bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k ar\u0131yorum, bir umut ar\u0131yorum uzun zamand\u0131r<\/p>

arad\u0131k\u00e7a bat\u0131yorum karanl\u0131k kuyulara<\/p>

kimse duymuyor \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131<\/p>

duyan ald\u0131r\u0131\u015f etmiyor \u00e7ekip kurtarmak istemiyor<\/p>

bense insanlar\u0131n bu ilgisizli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ilgiye<\/p>

susam\u0131\u015f\u0131m, \u00fcmidimi yitirmi\u015fim<\/p>

biliyorum bir g\u00fcn dayanamayacak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kalbim<\/p>

arkam\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fcp inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve g\u00fcvendi\u011fim her \u015feye<\/p>

veda edece\u011fim<\/p>

Nilg\u00fcn Marmara 2<\/p>

( Daktiloya \u00c7ekilmi\u015f \u015eiirler )<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Weber\u2019 e g\u00f6re \u201cSanat denildi\u011finde, sanat yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n izlenilmesi ile olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin ve bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki bilin\u00e7alt\u0131 olaylar\u0131n ve bilin\u00e7li eylemlerin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r”. Ki\u015finin duygular\u0131 sanat arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u0131\u015favurumda kendini g\u00f6stererek sanat eseri olu\u015fturulur.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hadi \u015fimdi de bunun \u00f6rneklerinden biri olan ekspresyonizmin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Edvard Munch hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fal\u0131m.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

EDVARD MUNCH (1863-1944)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Edvard<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Munch, hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hassas ruhunun kendisini s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi ac\u0131lar i\u00e7inde k\u0131vranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Munch, Ekspresyonizm ak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00f6nc\u00fc olarak kabul edilmi\u015f ve bir\u00e7ok sanat\u00e7\u0131 i\u00e7in bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca kendi i\u00e7ine bakmas\u0131 ve kendi hikayesini anlatmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunarak, ancak bu \u015fekilde insan olma durumuna has ac\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7eken ba\u015fka ki\u015filere de yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fini ummu\u015ftur. Eserlerinde ana tema insand\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131 insan yapan a\u015fk, sevgi, melankoli, yaln\u0131zl\u0131k, korku, h\u00fcz\u00fcn, ac\u0131 gibi duygular, hastal\u0131k, ayr\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6l\u00fcm gibi t\u00fcm insanl\u0131k durumlar\u0131, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n eserlerinin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok kez tekrarlanan temalar\u0131d\u0131r.  <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSanat\u0131n, e\u011fer sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n kendi y\u00fcre\u011fini a\u00e7ma ihtiyac\u0131ndan do\u011fmam\u0131\u015fsa, sanat oldu\u011funa inanm\u0131yorum. T\u00fcm sanat bi\u00e7imleri, edebiyat, m\u00fczik, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcre\u011finden damlayan kanla \u00fcretilmelidir. Sanat, bir insan\u0131n y\u00fcre\u011finden akan kand\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle \u00f6l\u00fcm konusunu eserlerinde fazlas\u0131yla i\u015flemi\u015ftir. Sanat tarihine bakacak olursak zaten insan\u0131n anlamland\u0131rmakta zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131 en karma\u015f\u0131k olgu \u00f6l\u00fcm olgusudur. Munch da \u00f6len ki\u015finin arkas\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirsizli\u011fin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 korku, endi\u015fe, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, keder gibi duygular\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden bireylerde bu s\u00fcrecin etkisinin fazla s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve hatta hayat\u0131 boyunca egemen olup insanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Munch da erken ya\u015fta annesi ve k\u0131z karde\u015fini kaybederek \u00f6l\u00fcm olgusuyla \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fta tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fundan itibaren de \u00f6l\u00fcm, depresyon, yaln\u0131zl\u0131k, s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ve korku duygular\u0131 onu yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 travmalar eserlerine yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Munch bu durumu; Hasta Odas\u0131nda \u00d6l\u00fcm, \u00d6l\u00fc Anne ve \u00c7ocuk, Hasta \u00c7ocuk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda t\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekli\u011fiyle yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Edvard<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm, yeni bir hayat\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Kristalizasyon. \u00d6l\u00fcm hayat\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Biz \u00f6lm\u00fcyoruz \u2013 d\u00fcnya bizden gidiyor. \u00d6l\u00fcm, hayat\u0131n a\u015fk\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ac\u0131 da ne\u015fenin dostudur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"DSC_6295\"<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Buna ek olarak \u00e7o\u011fumuzun bildi\u011fi tablolardan biri olan \u201c\u00c7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k\u201d Munch\u2019\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde ortaya koyan bir eser olup sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 bulant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve heyecan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.Munch, en me\u015fhur resmi olarak kabul edilen ve modern \u00e7a\u011f insan\u0131n\u0131n anksiyetisinin ve yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ikonu haline gelen \u201c\u00c7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k\u201d\u0131n (1893) litografik versiyonunu 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201c\u00c7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k\u201d, Munch\u2019un \u201c\u00c7aresizlik\u201d adl\u0131 1892 tarihli bir ya\u011fl\u0131 boyas\u0131na dayan\u0131r.Bu ya\u011fl\u0131 boyan\u0131n kompozisyonunda, \u00f6n planda \u015fapkal\u0131 bir adam k\u00f6pr\u00fcden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru bakmaktad\u0131r; arka planda uzakla\u015fmakta olan iki fig\u00fcr vard\u0131r, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc k\u0131pk\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r ve uzakta k\u00f6rfeziyle beraber k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u015fehir g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir.Munch, Kristiania\u2019da iki arkada\u015f\u0131yla beraber g\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, 1892 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015fu \u015fekilde aktaracakt\u0131r:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"The<\/a>\n<\/div>
The Scream<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYolda iki arkada\u015f\u0131mla beraber y\u00fcr\u00fcyorduk \u2013 g\u00fcne\u015f bat\u0131yordu \u2013 derin bir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

melankoliye bo\u011fuldum \u2013 Birdenbire g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc kan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 oldu \u2013 durdum<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ve korkuluklara dayand\u0131m, kendimi korkun\u00e7 yorgun hissediyordum \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015fehrin ve lacivert fiyortun \u00fcst\u00fcndeki g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde kan ve k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 gibi as\u0131l\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

duran, alev gibi yanan bulutlara bakt\u0131m \u2013 Arkada\u015flar\u0131m y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye devam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ettiler \u2013 Ben oldu\u011fum yerde anksiyete i\u00e7inde titremeye ba\u015flad\u0131m ve<\/p>\n\n\n\n

do\u011fadan y\u00fckselen muazzam ve sonsuz bir \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k sesi duydum.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Munch\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131nda fazla bir yer kaplayan di\u011fer etmen ise anksiyetesi olmu\u015ftur. Hatta Anksiyete adl\u0131 eserinde suratlar\u0131n betimlenmedi\u011fini ve resimdeki t\u00fcm \u00f6gelerin tek bir duyguyu anlatmak i\u00e7in var oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bulutlar\u0131 , arkada g\u00f6z\u00fckmekte olan \u015fehrin yuvarlak hatl\u0131 \u00e7izgilerle betimlenmesi neredeyse bir nevi bulant\u0131 hissi uyand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Siyah giyinmi\u015f olan fig\u00fcrler cenazeden geliyorlarm\u0131\u015f gibi izleyenin \u00fcst\u00fcne do\u011fru gelmektedirler. Suratlar\u0131ndaki sert ve \u015f\u00fcpheci yap\u0131 insan\u0131 do\u011frudan huzursuz etmektedir. Bu resimden de Munch\u2019\u0131n kalabal\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve kendini d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f hissetmesinin bir ifadesi olarak g\u00f6rmekteyiz. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Munch\u2019\u0131n bu resimle ilgili yaz\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYolda y\u00fcr\u00fcyenler, ona \u00f6yle garip ve belirgin bir \u015fekilde bak\u0131yorlard\u0131 ki…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– o da onlar\u0131n bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndayd\u0131 \u2013 g\u00f6zlerini ondan ay\u0131rm\u0131yorlard\u0131 \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sokak lambalar\u0131yla ayd\u0131nlanan \u2013 soluk suratlar \u2013 bir \u015fey d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu, ama olmuyordu \u2013 kafas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bo\u015fluktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey<\/p>\n\n\n\n

olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131na kap\u0131l\u0131yordu \u2013 o y\u00fczden bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131daki bir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pencerede odaklamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 \u2013 ama yoldakiler yeniden araya girdiler \u2013 bedeni titremeye ba\u015flad\u0131 \u2013 terden s\u0131r\u0131ls\u0131klam olmu\u015ftu.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Edvard<\/a>\n<\/div>
Anxiety,Edvard Munch<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGe\u00e7en bahar \u015f\u00f6yle bir \u015fey demi\u015ftim: Sonsuz bir sava\u015f olan biziz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanlar, genellikle fark etmeden de olsa, birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli bir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sava\u015f halindeler. En yak\u0131n arkada\u015flar bile. \/ \u0130nsan \u00f6lm\u00fcyor; insan, di\u011fer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

insanlar\u0131n duygular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kelimelerin sihirli gaz\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, -radyo dalgalar\u0131 gibi- insan\u0131 en korunmas\u0131z noktalar\u0131ndan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vurup \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor. (2 Haziran 1930)\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Edvard<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hayat\u0131n\u0131 anksiyete krizleri ve buhranlarla ge\u00e7iren Munch, bu ini\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6yle benimsemi\u015ftir ki, g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinde \u201chayat\u201d ve \u201canksiyete\u201d kelimelerini neredeyse e\u015fanlaml\u0131 kelimelermi\u015f gibi kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHayat – anksiyete – kendimi bildim bileli vard\u0131 \u2013 hastal\u0131k gibi bir \u015fey \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

do\u011fu\u015ftan \u2013 muhtemelen bana ailemden ge\u00e7ti. \u0130\u00e7imde bir lanet gibi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ya\u015f\u0131yor. H\u00e2l\u00e2 bu hayat \u2013anksiyete \u2013 benim i\u00e7in \u00e7ok gerekliymi\u015f gibi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hissediyorum \u2013 onsuz ya\u015fayamazm\u0131\u015f\u0131m gibi \u2013 S\u0131k s\u0131k hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n gerekli<\/p>\n\n\n\n

olmu\u015f oldu\u011funu hissediyorum \u2013 hayat\u0131m\u0131n (onsuz) \u2013hastal\u0131ks\u0131z ve<\/p>\n\n\n\n

anksiyetesiz \u2013 d\u00f6nemlerinde kendimi \u015fiddetli r\u00fczgara kar\u015f\u0131 gitmeye<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan d\u00fcmensiz bir gemi gibi hissettim \u2013 ve kendime sordum nerede,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

nerede karaya oturaca\u011f\u0131m? Bir tarafta merhametin dipsiz derinlikleri \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00f6b\u00fcr tarafta h\u0131rs\u0131n y\u00fcksek doruklar\u0131(Nietzsche).\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en korkun\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan ikisi bana ailemden miras kald\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz ve akli denge bozuklu\u011fu \u2013 hastal\u0131k, delilik ve \u00f6l\u00fcm, benim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

be\u015fi\u011fimi sallayan kara meleklerdi. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00f6len annem \u2013 bana<\/p>\n\n\n\n

t\u00fcberk\u00fclozu b\u0131rakt\u0131 \u2013 sofu bir aileden gelen – akl\u0131n\u0131 yitirecek kadar dindar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

olan – a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hassas babam \u2013\u2013 bana akli denge bozuklu\u011funu b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201c\u00c7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k adl\u0131 resmimi g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz m\u00fc? Art\u0131k t\u00fckenmi\u015f vaziyetteydim \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

yorgunluktan bitap d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Do\u011fa, damarlar\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7inden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k att\u0131 \u2013 par\u00e7alanmak \u00fczereydim.\u201d92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKendimi \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc hissetti\u011fim zaman soban\u0131n yan\u0131na oturup<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum \u2013 sonra i\u00e7imde birden bir arzu beliriyor \u2013 \u00f6ld\u00fcr kendini<\/p>\n\n\n\n

bitsin bu i\u015f \u2013 neden ya\u015fayay\u0131m ki \u2013 b\u00f6yle bir hayat\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek korkak\u00e7a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ne de olsa uzun bir hayat ya\u015famayacaks\u0131n \u2013 -ila\u00e7larla doldurulmu\u015f –<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015fu zavall\u0131 v\u00fccudumu \u2013 yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde s\u00fcr\u00fckleyip duruyorum \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 s\u00fcrekli tetikte bir n\u00f6bet\u00e7i gibi. Hayat kesinlikle<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b\u00f6yle olmamal\u0131. Fakat bu his sadece bir an s\u00fcr\u00fcyor \u2013 \u00f6l\u00fcm benim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

g\u00f6lgem \u2013 bu bedenin bir g\u00fcn koku\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u2013 bu parmaklar\u0131n sertle\u015fip<\/p>\n\n\n\n

moraraca\u011f\u0131 – d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine bile dayanam\u0131yorum. Ve hayat insana el<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sall\u0131yor, iki ay sonra yaz ak\u015famlar\u0131 ba\u015flayacak \u2013 bu ger\u00e7ekten g\u00fczel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

olabilir. G\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fcnlerle dolu bir yaz daha. Ve hayat\u0131 \u00e7ok seviyorum \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hastal\u0131k varken bile hayat g\u00fczel \u2013 g\u00fcne\u015fli yaz g\u00fcnleri, sokaktan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kalabal\u0131klar\u0131n sesleri geliyor \u2013 arabalar\u0131n tang\u0131rt\u0131lar\u0131 \u2013 sokaklardaki toz,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kald\u0131r\u0131mda y\u00fcr\u00fcyenlerin hareketleri. Pencereden i\u00e7eri giren g\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7ok<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ho\u015fuma gidiyor, havada u\u00e7u\u015fan tozlar\u0131, a\u015f\u0131boyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde beyaz bir <\/p>\n\n\n\n

kemer gibi g\u00f6steriyor.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Munch\u2019un hastal\u0131k temal\u0131 resimlerinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan unsurun hasta olan fig\u00fcrken, \u00f6l\u00fcm temal\u0131 resimlerinde geride kalanlar ve onlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 deh\u015fet \u00f6n planda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\"Edvard<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A ve \u0130LER\u0130 OKUMA:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. https:\/\/www.munchmuseet.no\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 10\/01\/2021) <\/li>
  2. https:\/\/kodebergen.no\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 10\/01\/2021)<\/li>
  3. https:\/\/www.edvardmunch.org\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi:10\/01\/2021)<\/li>
  4. https:\/\/edvard-munch.com\/<\/a>  (Eri\u015fim Tarihi:10\/01\/2021) <\/li>
  5. Sue Prideaux\/Edvard Munch: Behind the Scream,Yay\u0131nevi:Yale University Press,Yay\u0131n Tarihi:(07\/2019) <\/li>
  6. M\u00e1rton Herold 1, Enik\u00f6 Csilla Kiss : [The Frieze of Life, or death, anxiety and love in the oeuvre of Edvard Munch] PMID: 31570662 <\/li>
  7. Marcelo Miranda C 1, Eva Miranda C, Mat\u00edas Molina D: [Edvard Munch: disease and genius of the great Norwegian artist] PMID: 24121581 DOI: 10.4067\/S0034-98872013000600012<\/li>
  8. Gary E. Friedlaender, MDcorresponding author and Linda K. Friedlaender,  Edvard Munch and The Scream: A Cry for Help Jan 17. Doi: 10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000046<\/li>
  9. Zeynep Baransel\/K\u00c4THE KOLLWITZ VE EDVARD MUNCH BASKI RES\u0130MLER\u0130 Y\u00dcKSEK L\u0130SANS TEZ\u0130 Tez No:254307 <\/li>
  10. \u0130lknur Beyazta\u015f\/RES\u0130M SANATINDA DEPRESYON BEL\u0130RT\u0130LER\u0130 \u201cANHEDON\u0130,SESSiZL\u0130K, ACI, KEDER VE \u00c7\u00d6K\u00dcNT\u00dc\u201d Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi http:\/\/earsiv.batman.edu.tr\/xmlui\/handle\/20.500.12402\/1879<\/li>
  11. Kim, Hyo Jin.Azusa Pacific University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10690397. Heartbreak, Anxiety and Death: Edvard Munch’s Birth of Creativity through Suffering: A Transcendent Human Experience<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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